On the Crisis of Ethic Codes in the Wei-Jin Dynasty from the Perspectives of Normative Ethics and Virtual Ethics

Philosophy and Culture 36 (4):155-172 (2009)
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Abstract

This according to Mencius: "by virtue lines, non-line of virtue and also" - the proposition, the former as a moral subjectivity inherent moral consciousness, the transcendental moral reasoning of clinical events in the moral judgments, then the free will choice, repair support and practice of cultivation of moral character, known as virtue ethics. This is a sense of morality and ethics of the type of moral self-discipline. The latter, it is outside the fuse of the rules, by the social, political authority of the formulation of codes of conduct, along with rewards and punishment. Seek to avoid punishment tours, community knowledge and practices of these individuals were identified with the social norms of the good. Such good deeds, although the external legitimacy, it may not have intrinsic moral consciousness. This community ethic, he called the institutionalization of ethics or moral law, as this type of normative ethics. This through the "New Account of Tales. Articles of any birth, "which highlights the stereotypes Ruan does not fall Norm sets of behavior, to stimulate awareness of the problem. The Norm of the Wei, Jin Han Bai Hu Tong meeting in shaping governance, which is a blood relationship to the family as the main normative ethics, the specific content of the "three cardinal guides and six discipline." Norm discussed in the text of the rule, if caught in a closed ideology into a political power to dominate others, the individual will carry out the mechanism, the normative ethical community alienation resulting from the cold all the pseudo-moral moral hazard phenomenon. However, if the individual in society is too biased for the stand point of the moral subject of virtue ethics, normative ethics does not take into account the public's failure to comply with the agreement in accordance with needs of the public in public law, then the community would undermine the objective of ethics and fairness , it is difficult to maintain the unity of community social life, this is a crisis. Therefore, these two types of ethics should be to seek a dialectical balance, and cooperation is co-existence, mutual coordination is not biased Jie disadvantages. Based on the thesis made by Menzi's statement-"He walked along the path of benevolence and righteousness; he did not need to pursue benevolence and righteousness"-this paper sees the first part as the internal moral self-consciousness that's possessed of moral subjectivity. Making judgments about moral events of the present according to transcendental moral reason and then cultivating moralized personality through the choice, discipline, and practice of free will is known as "virtual ethics." This is the type of ethics possessing moral sense and moral self-discipline. The second part of the aforementioned statement refers to an exogenous rule, that is, the behavioral norms institutionalized by social and political authority and accompanied by the institution of reward and punishment. In order to seek reward and avoid punishment, the individuals in the community recognize and practice these norms and consequently are recognized as someone of social good. These behaviors of social good are provided with external legitimacy but not necessarily the internal moral self-consciousness. Such community ethics is considered institutionalized morality or other-discipline morality, which is known in this paper as "normative ethics." Through Run Ji's behaviors and manners transcending the stereotypes of ethical codes, as highlighted in the "Ren Dan" chapter of New Collections of Anecdotes of Famous Personages, we try to inspire consciousness about this issue. The rule by ethic codes in the Wei-Jin Dynasty was first shaped in "the comprehensive discussions in the White Tiger Hall", a set of normative ethics revolving around blood and family relationships, while the specific content is "three major and six minor principles. In this paper, we argue that the community normative ethics will lead to alienation and bring forth all kinds of manner-corrupting and morality-degenerating pseudo-moral phenomena, if the rule by ethic codes falls within a closed-in ideology and deteriorates into a mechanism whereby to fulfill one's will with political power so as to dominate others. And yet, if the individuals in a society are more inclined toward virtual ethics, founded on moral subjectivity, without tackling the public normative ethics or following the public principles accepted by social manners, the objectification and fairness of community ethics would be sabotaged and the maintenance of a harmonious community life difficult, which is also a crisis. Therefore, virtual ethics and normative ethics should dialectically seek a balance, which is beneficial to both as these two types of ethics would be biased if they don't achieve mutual harmony

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