Abstract

V.S. Stepin’s allocation of three types of scientific rationality became almost conventional in the modern Russian philosophy. But it is internally inconsistent, contains the doubtful moral moments and characterizes evolution of knowledge incomplete and inexact. The offered approach overcomes these lacks. According to V.S. Stepin’s concept, in development of a science, ostensibly accrue elements of subjectivity. The modern postnonclassical science, and its leader – synergetic, ostensibly study complex self-develops systems. – In our opinion, the idea of increase of subjectivity is antiscientific. This expresses totalitarian tradition of the Russian public consciousness. The synergetic studies systems with complex behavior. They can be very simple on structure, but possess a positive feedback In the consent with spontaneous tradition, Stepin recognizes a uniform classical stage of development of a science with XVII till XIX centuries, ostensibly at leadership of classical mechanics. For the sake of it Stepin denies global transition of a science in XIX century from mechanistic ideology to evolution. The author of this clause enters a preclassical stage of development of a science, when the classical mechanics dominates actually, and not just as a vestige. XIX and the beginnings of XXI centuries it considers as the actual leader of a science – thermodynamics, accordingly – equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The author connects a dominating scientific paradigm of an epoch with type of the phenomena mastered by knowledge at the given step of its development. The list of such types includes: 1) knowledge of properties; 2) studying of functioning; 3) knowledge of evolution except for becoming; 4) research of becoming; 5) knowledge of self-organizing, and development as a whole. The table of historical types of knowledge and technique is applied.