Abstract

The theory of Existentialism-regarded as the grounds for Transcendental philosophy-has changed completely Islamic philosophy, in addition, has been accepted as a dominant theory by philosophers in no time. On the opposite side, some philosophers refused to accept Existentialism theory, even tried their best to mount challenges to this theory. Surawardi and Seyyed Abdola’ala Sabzevari keep critical view on Existentialism, and are for Essentialism theory. To be precise, the two philosophers have used different reasons and methods as refusal of Existentialism theory. Sheykh Surawardi has given several reasons to confirm Essentialism theory so he is regarded as critics of Existentialism theory though he was living much earlier than Molla Sadra and his theory. Seyyed Sabzevari accepts clearly Essentialism by means of analysis and critique on the principles originated Existentialism-like “impossibility of composite instauration between Essence and Essentials” and “possible beings are composed duality of Essence and Beings” in addition denying of cognation principle and also univocality. In fact, surawardi accepts Essentialism theory taking the conceptual approach, while Seyyed Sabzevari accepts Essentialism by having an analytical approach and critical thinking of the principles of Existentialism theory. In this essay, the writer is to consider how valid and efficient the reasons for critique of Existentialism theory by Surawardi and Seyyed sabzevari are with the explanation of their different approaches.