Abstract

This work is devoted to analysis of interconnected processes: the formation of modern theory of knowledge and stages of development of social and individual consciousness. The article aims at defining the criteria and limits of classical paradigm. Classical paradigm has a special way of thinking within the oppositions, where the subject opposed to object, the researcher to studied, the material to idealistic, the spirit to nature, etc. Part of the solution of many urgent problems can be an appeal to the human phenomenon, which is understood as inscribed into the world integral being, which includes spiritual, social, economic, ideological and other levels of being opposed to the classic paradigm that divides the man into individual components. Therefore, according to the author`s point of view, holistic/integrated approach is one of the most promising in Postnonclassical paradigm, since the issue of integrity is one of the key. The terms «integral» and «holistic» are used as synonyms within this work. Author`s opinion concerning the essence of holistic approcah is based on ideas of F. Capra, VI Chernikovoy and others. The integrated approach makes possible to consider the «object» of research with different perspectives and makes the theory closer to the human. The article is addressed to philosophers, psychologists and other readers.