Cause and Effect in Fiction

Springer Nature Switzerland (2024)
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Abstract

This book explores and defends George Saunders’ causal thesis that successful stories are those that establish causation well. The book includes an in-depth discussion of causation’s role in several different key craft elements of fiction writing and examines different theories of causation and their implications for causation in fiction. Other discussions include the role of causation in building suspense, character and causation, causation in dialogue and connections between fiction and counterfactuals (or hypotheticals). The book also considers a number of objections to the causal thesis and offers a reply.

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Chapters

Cause and Effect in Theme

Fiction writers often write with the goal of changing minds about the real world. To do this, they often write to convince us that x causes y in the actual world. To do this, they need to convince us that x causes y in the fictional world and that what is true in the fictional world can be exported ... see more

Cause and Effect in Setting

In this chapter, I discuss the causal impacts of setting or environment on characters and events in stories. To do this, I explore six short stories that show a range of these effects: the way harsh physical environments limit characters’ actions; the way harsh social environments impact characters;... see more

Cause and Effect in Dialogue

Much of fiction, and much of the action within scenes, takes the form of dialoguedialogue. Characters do things to each other with words. In this chapter, I explore causationcausation within dialogue, the ways in which what characters say is caused by their charactercharacter, their circumstances, a... see more

Causation and Causation in Fiction

In this chapter, I explore the nature of causationcausation in light of several philosophical theories: Hume’s regularity theory, NecessitarianismNecessitarianism, counterfactual accounts, the transfer of energy account, and a few others. I point out that the exact nature of causation is difficult o... see more

Cause and Effect in Plot

In this chapter, I discuss cause and effect in plot. I explain standard plot points: expositionexposition, inciting incidentinciting incident, rising actionrising action, crisiscrisis, climaxclimax, and resolution, and discuss, with examples from three very different novels, how causationcausation p... see more

Cause and Effect, Counterfactuals, and the Role of Fiction in our Psychic Lives

In this chapter, I consider the idea of stories as hypotheticals, that is, as complicated counterfactuals. I discuss David Lewis’ account of truth in fiction which argues that we treat fictional narratives as counterfactuals. I consider an extension or variation of Lewis’ view that can explain some ... see more

Cause and Effect in Fiction: An Introduction

This chapter introduces the topic of the book: causationcausationcausation within, or according to, stories, and my intention to explore and defend George SaundersGeorge Saunders’ claim that the successful deployment of such causation makes fiction better. In addition, this chapter tries to make sen... see more

Cause and Effect in Character

In this chapter, I discuss aspects of charactercharacter and causationcausation in fiction: how characters are caused to be, how they are caused to change, and how their big choices that constitute the crises or climaxes of stories are caused. I argue, again, that the more meaningful causation the b... see more

Objections and Replies

In this chapter, I discuss several objections to the claim that stories are stronger when they contain more causationcausation, or, at least, more meaningful causation. These objections include the worry that causation is ubiquitous and so, seems to invite the question, “What’s the big deal? I also ... see more

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Frances Howard-Snyder
Western Washington University

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