Abstract

In this work, we firstly resume philosophical and methodological analysis of three authors – Vygotsky, Piaget, and Wallon – who, in the early 20th century discussed the nature of psychological knowledge. We show that the core of the issue is the refusal of the breakup between Philosophy and Psychology, which aimed at sustaining a kind of experimental Psychology according to the positivistic scientific canons that did not admit subjectivity and consciousness and kept the classic dichotomies: body/mind; individual/collectivity; thought/language; reason/emotion. Then we present a consensual dialogue between these authors and those from the first decade of the 21st century who discuss, epistemologically, philosophically, and historically, the same issue and the course taken by Psychology to establish itself as a science. We proceed to show that the particular focus of that consensual dialogue is on the definition of the experimental method, on the discussion of the opposition between subjectivity and objectivity and in the study of consciousness. Finally, we point out the existence of a philosophical consensus between the history of Psychology in the early 20th century and that of the first decade of the 21st century: the demand for a critical and reflexive philosophical analysis on the production of psychological knowledge and the relationship of that production with research practice and professional practice.