Valor inerente e vulnerabilidade: critérios éticos não-especistas na perspectiva de Tom Regan

Ethic@ - An International Journal for Moral Philosophy 5 (3):125-146 (2006)
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Abstract

Seres vivos de todas as espécies têm sido considerados objetos de propriedade, passíveis de serem explorados para atender aos desejos, fantasias e necessidades humanas. Filósofos morais utilitaristas, a exemplo de Peter Singer, propõem princípios éticos para definir os limites da liberdade humana em relação a todos os seres sencientes. Mas, o critério da senciência, no caso da formulação de uma ética ambiental genuína, não pode ser aplicado à natureza ambiental, nem mesmo a todos os seres vivos, exceto aos mamíferos e aves. Neste artigo, reconstituo os argumentos de Tom Regan para fundamentar a ética animal e os critérios necessários, na perspectiva desse filósofo moral, para a fundamentação de uma ética ambiental.Living beings of all kinds, except humans, have been considered by moral philosophers as property, subject to exploitation in order to attend human goals, wants, necessities and fantasies. Utilitarians, following what has been suggested by Peter Singer, in establishing ethical principles that limit human liberties in relation to what should be done to other living beings, choose the sentience criterion. Notwithstanding, in formulationg to a genuine environmental ethics, sentience does not apply to environment and to most living beings, with the exception of mammals, birds and vertebrates. These paper gives attention to Tom Regan’s moral project to ground practical environmental and animal ethics upon the inherent value of Nature’s principle

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