Abstract

The work of the Swiss scholar J. J. Bachofen, renowned for advancing the theory of Mother-Right as a universal stage of history, underwent an important turn, which has not been recognized by the literature on the subject. During the 1860s, as Bachofen looked to the world-historical role of Rome as the champion of the West against the feminine East, he opposed a severe and conquering Rome with its civil law, to the theocratic Orient (a quality he had earlier associated with the ancient Roman state), with critical consequences for the trajectory of the myth of Matriarachy and its subsequent political resonance.