Forme di vita e forme economiche in Aristotele [Ways of life and economic forms in Aristotle]

la Società Degli Individui 24:5-16 (2005)
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Abstract

La riflessione sulla forma di vita, che consente il conseguimento della felicità, costituisce il nodo focale della filosofia pratica di Aristotele. Tale riflessione presenta notevoli implicazioni politiche, in quanto la vita migliore, in particolare nella Politica, è quella del cittadino, che partecipa attivamente all’amministrazione della comunità. Il saggio prende in esame le forme economiche, delineate nel I libro della Politica. La fenomenologia delle diverse professioni, connesse all’acquisizione e allo scambio dei beni, è basata sulla distinzione tra attività secondo natura o contro natura. La condanna del commercio, quale attività contro natura, mette in luce il carattere ideologico dell’analisi aristotelica, volta a legittimare la figura del cittadino-proprietario terriero.The central issue of Aristotle’s practical philosophy is the question of happiness, that is the problem concerning the appropriate way of life needed to attain it. The question of happiness is strictly related to the individual’s position in the society: the politically engaged life of the citizen is, especially in the Politics, the best one. The paper analyses the economical function of different ways of life mentioned in the first book of the Politics. The phenomenology of the different professions related to the acquisition and interchange of goods is based on the distinction between activities according to nature or against nature. The refusal of the commerce, as an activity against nature, makes clear the ideological basis of Aristotle’s analysis, aiming at justifying the natural role played by the citizen-landowner

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