According to common sense cultural history is propelled by grand ideas. Contrary to this view a material history will be defended. Artists have always taken the lead in the exploration of new technologies that mediate human perception. The modern worldview has been instigated by the artistic domestication of the camera obscura and its successors: the photocamera and tv. These technologies produced the spectator who was enthroned by Descartes as the modern autonomous subject. Contemporary digital technologies call for the overthrow of (...) the obsolete paradigm of autonomy. Art paves the way for new subject-productions. (shrink)

An overview of 20 years of environmental philosophy in the Netherlands.

It is not without reason that a number of early Christian scholars remain convinced that true Christianity, which was primarily derived from the teachings of Jesus himself, was later "distorted" by the apostle Paul. Kant, Lessing, Fichte, and Schelling separated the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth from those of his "followers." On the differences between Paulinism and Petranism, many Soviet scholars were noted in their time. Some of the modern theologians hold this view, paradoxically. One of them, the famous German (...) theologian H. Kersen writes: “What we call the Christian faith is in fact an artificial doctrine that consists of the rules and regulations created by Paul. His teaching corresponds more to the term "Paulism" than to Christianity. "Christianity is a religion founded by Paul," writes W. Nestle. - The Gospel of Christ is replaced in it by the Gospel of Christ ». (shrink)