Agostinho da Silva, de engajado filólogo a humanista militante e crítico: itinerário seareiro em tempos de formação do Salazarismo Resumo: Este estudo reconstitui o itinerário teórico-político de Agostinho da Silva entre os anos de 1928 e 1933, sobretudo através da análise de uma série de artigos que publicou na Seara Nova, relevante revista portuguesa de “doutrina e crítica”. À luz desse recorte temático-cronológico, o viés aqui privilegiado perspectiva: 1) uma parte pouco conhecida, porém representativa, da obra de juventude de Agostinho (...) da Silva, por meio da qual podemos conhecer a atuação de um jovem e polêmico filólogo, engajado numa ofensiva de renovação dos Estudos Clássicos em Portugal, ao arrepio do establishment intelectual; 2) a gestação do humanismo militante e crítico que, doravante, se estabelecerá como fundamento decisivo do seu pensamento e ação; e 3) a institucionalização coetânea, no plano macro-político, do Estado Novo de Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. Ao chegar às considerações finais, poderá o leitor compreender a forma como os três aspectos analisados ao longo do estudo encontram-se estreitamente articulados, na medida em que quedará demonstrado como a trajetória teórica e política do jovem pensador recapitula as grandes questões daquela conjuntura portuguesa e europeia do Entre-Guerras. Nesse sentido, a história do indivíduo, aqui, é também retrato condensado de uma época. Palavras-chave: Agostinho da Silva. Seara Nova. Crítica dos intelectuais e do salazarismo. Helenismo e humanismo. Modernização europeísta. Agostinho da Silva, from engaged philologist to militant and critical humanist: a Seara Nova collaborator’s path in times of formation of Salazarism: This study reconstructs the theoretical-political path of Agostinho da Silva between the years of 1928 and 1933, mainly through the analysis of a series of articles published in Seara Nova, a relevant Portuguese journal of “doctrine and criticism”. In the light of this thematic and chronological approach, the point of view distinguished here focuses on: 1) a little-known, but representative, part of Agostinho da Silva's youth work, through which we can know the performance of a young and polemical philologist, engaged in an offensive to renew the Classical Studies in Portugal, against the intellectual establishment; 2) the gestation of the militant and critical Humanism that will henceforth be established as the decisive foundation of his thought and action; and 3) the contemporary institutionalization, at the macro-political level, of the New State led by Antonio de Oliveira Salazar. Upon reaching the final considerations, the reader will be able to understand how the three aspects analyzed throughout the study are closely articulated, inasmuch as it will be demonstrated how the theoretical and political trajectory of the young thinker recapitulates the major issues of that Portuguese and European context of the interwar period. In this sense, the history of the individual, here, is also the condensed portrait of an era. Keywords: Agostinho da Silva. Seara Nova. Criticism of the intellectuals and of Salazarism. Hellenism and Humanism. Europeanist modernization. Agostinho da Silva, de filólogo comprometido a humanista militante y crítico: itinerario seareiro en tiempos de formación del Salazarismo Resumen: Este estudio reconstituye el itinerario teórico-político de Agostinho da Silva entre los años 1928 y 1933, sobre todo a través del análisis de una serie de artículos que publicó en Seara Nova, una relevante revista portuguesa de “doctrina y crítica”. A la luz de este abordaje temático-cronológico, el punto de vista aquí privilegiado enfoca: 1) una parte poco conocida pero representativa de la obra de juventud de Agostinho da Silva, a través de la cual podemos conocer la actuación de un joven y polémico filólogo, comprometido en una ofensiva para renovar los Estudios Clásicos en Portugal, contra el establishment intelectual; 2) la gestación del humanismo militante y crítico que en adelante se establecerá como la base decisiva de su pensamiento y acción; y 3) la institucionalización coetánea, a nivel macropolítico, del Estado Nuevo de Antonio de Oliveira Salazar. Al llegar a las consideraciones finales, el lector podrá comprender cómo se articulan estrechamente los tres aspectos analizados a lo largo del estudio, en la medida en que quedará demostrado cómo la trayectoria teórica y política del joven pensador recapitula las grandes cuestiones de aquella coyuntura portuguesa y europea de entreguerras. En este sentido, la historia del individuo, aquí, es también el retrato condensado de una época. Palabras clave: Agostinho da Silva. Seara Nova. Crítica de los intelectuales y del salazarismo. Helenismo y humanismo. Modernización europeísta. Data de registro: 20/03/2020Data de aceite: 23/09/2020. (shrink)

Think tanks became key political and economic actors during the twentieth century, creating and occupying an intellectual and political position between academic institutions, the state, civil society, and public debate on organization and management. Think tanks are especially active in setting frames for what constitutes politically and socially acceptable ways of thinking about economic activity and the rights or obligations of corporations. Their operation and influence has been acknowledged and analysed in political science and policy analysis, but in organization and (...) management studies they are almost entirely ignored. In this paper, we review the existing literature on think tanks to develop an ethical–political framework based on a Gramsci’s account of state–civil society relations, referring to historical case materials relating to a significant Brazilian think tank, the Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais. We show how the IPES was successful in bringing then-controversial neoliberal perspectives on management and organization into mainstream political debate, where they could be discussed and ultimately accepted as morally and intellectually legitimate. We note the importance of management education and business schools with respect to think tanks in the development of a hegemonic pro-capitalist interpretation of corporate responsibility, and suggest this is worth more investigation. We conclude by outlining how think tanks are central to civil society acceptance of pro-corporate ideologies, how they might be researched regarding the ethical implications of the work they do, and how our approach provides a foundation for this. (shrink)

We hypothesize that effective collaboration is facilitated when individuals and environmental components form a synergy where they work together and regulate one another to produce stable patterns of behavior, or regularity, as well as adaptively reorganize to form new behaviors, or irregularity. We tested this hypothesis in a study with 32 triads who collaboratively solved a challenging visual computer programming task for 20 min following an introductory warm‐up phase. Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis was used to examine fine‐grained (i.e., every 10 (...) s) collective patterns of regularity across team members' speech rate, body movement, and team interaction with the shared user interface. We found that teams exhibited significant patterns of regularity as compared to shuffled baselines, but there were no systematic trends in regularity across time. We also found that periods of regularity were associated with a reduction in overall behavior. Notably, the production of irregular behavior predicted expert‐coded metrics of collaborative activity, such as teams' ability to construct shared knowledge and effectively negotiate and coordinate execution of solutions, net of overall behavioral production and behavioral self‐similarity. Our findings support the theory that groups can interact to form interpersonal synergies and indicate that information about system‐level dynamics is a viable way to understand and predict effective collaborative processes. (shrink)

La Meditación de la técnica contiene las reflexiones de José Ortega y Gasset sobre un fenómeno de invasora presencia en el mundo contemporáneo. Trata, en suma, de inscribir el hecho de la técnica en el marco de una antropología filosófica, fundada en el sistema orteguiano, para así contribuir a la comprensión del momento histórico contemporáneo. El volumen incluye, además del curso ¿Qué es la técnica?, desarrollado en 1933 en la Universidad de Santander, otros textos afines: la conferencia El mito del (...) hombre allende a la técnica pronuncida en Darmstadt y varios ensayos sobre el conocimiento científico, que prueban la permanente atención que Ortega prestó a las novedades de la ciencia contemporánea. En esta nueva edición el texto se ha revisado y corregido conforme a los manuscritos originales o las primeras ediciones. La principal novedad es una Introducción al curso ¿Qué es la técnica?, sólo editada póstumamente. (shrink)

Cognitive Science, Volume 45, Issue 11, November 2021.

The social and cognitive science replication crisis is partly due to the limitations of commonly used statistical tools. Inferential statistics require that unsystematic measurement variation is independent of system history, and weak relative to systematic or causal sources of variation. However, contemporary systems research underscores the dynamic, adaptive nature of social, cognitive, and behavioral systems. Variation in human activity includes the influences of intrinsic dynamics intertwined with changing contextual circumstances. Conventional inferential techniques presume milder forms of variability, such as unsystematic (...) measurement error, as in a Gaussian distribution. Inferential statistics indicate an elementary Newtonian cause-effect metaphor for change that is inconsistent with known principles of change in complex systems. Pattern formation in self-organizing systems and quantum probability are used to illustrate theoretical metaphors that instantiate alternative notions of change in complex systems. Inferential statistics and related techniques are crucial scientific resources. However, in the social and behavioral sciences, they must be practiced in conjunction with an appropriate general systems framework that accommodates intrinsic fluctuations and contextual adaptation. (shrink)

The importance of touch to mammalian survival and well-being cannot be overstated. The capacity for action depends on the sense of touch, which is a necessary feature of an animal’s being-in-the-world (O’Shaughnessy, 1989, pp. 38–39). Interpersonal touch has been shown to be an important part of human welfare, including disease prevention and treatment (see Field, 2001 for review). Throughout a mammal’s lifespan, social relation- ships are also mediated by touch behavior (see Thayer, 1986 for review). Given these facts, the sense (...) of touch is relevant to a variety of topics in psychology, including but not limited to: perception, action, nonverbal behavior, relationships, development, emotion, and health. (shrink)

Ensaio visual acerca do livro de artista (EN)TERRA BRASILIS (2020), de Daniela Amon, que, por meio de um diálogo com a história da arte e da articulação entre linguagem, matéria e símbolo, oferece uma reflexão a respeito da história do Brasil, desde tempos coloniais até os dias atuais, e uma crítica ao manejo da atual crise pandêmica.

A basic principle of objectification theory is that a mere glance from a stranger represents the potential to be sexualized, triggering women to take on the perspective of others and become vigilant to their appearance. However, research has yet to document gendered gaze patterns in social groups. The present study examined visual attention in groups of varying gender composition to understand how gender and minority status influence gaze behavior. One hundred undergraduates enrolled in psychology courses were photographed, and an additional (...) 76 participants viewed groupings of these photographs while their point of gaze was recorded using a remote eye-tracking device. Participants were not told that their gaze was being recorded. Women were viewed more frequently and for longer periods of time than men in mixed-gender groups. Women were also more likely to be looked at first and last by observers. Men spent more time attending to pictures of women when fewer women were in the group. The opposite effect was found for pictures of men, such that male pictures were viewed less when fewer pictures of men were in the group. Female observers spent more time looking at men compared to male observers, and male observers spent more time looking at women than female observers, though both female and male observers looked at women more than men overall. Consistent with objectification theory, women’s appearance garners more attention and interest in mixed-gender social groups. (shrink)

Outside directors’ regular board meeting attendance is important in improving the effectiveness of a governance system. Such attendance is evidence of their commitment to the firm as key other players in monitoring and decision making. Using a unique dataset for Korean firms, and three-level random coefficients models, we find that, foreign outside directors, an independent appointment process, professional knowledge of business operations and accumulated firm-specific knowledge are important factors that affect outside directors’ attendance of board meetings. The results also confirm (...) that both outside directors’ personal characteristics and the social context are crucial in understanding their board meeting attendance. Further analysis shows that a positive corporate environment that supports the outside director system encourages outside directors’ attendance at board meetings. (shrink)

Complexity science is an investigative framework that stems from a number of tried and tested disciplines—including systems theory, nonlinear dynamical systems theory, and synergetics—and extends a common set of concepts, methods, and principles to understand how natural systems operate. By quantitatively employing concepts, such as emergence, nonlinearity, and self‐organization, complexity science offers a way to understand the structures and operations of natural cognitive systems in a manner that is conceptually compelling and mathematically rigorous. Thus, complexity science both transforms understandings of (...) cognition and reframes more traditional approaches. Consequently, if cognitive systems are indeed complex systems, then cognitive science ought to consider complexity science as a centerpiece of the discipline. (shrink)

José Ortega y Gasset publicó en 1939, en la colección Austral, este ensayo filosófico que obtuvo una gran repercusión internacional en su día y sigue siendo en la actualidad una de las obras clave del pensamiento orteguiano. Esta edición conmemora los setenta años transcurridos desde entonces y ofrece la única edición autorizada y revisada personalmente por el autor.

Projects may exist in many forms, depending on the purpose and organisational context. Irrespective of the type and nature, however, the effective management of any project requires a high degree of commitment by the project members to the accomplishment of project objectives. The high degree of reliance on external international funding makes project management in non-profit organisations of developing societies a challenging task. The marriage of two entirely different sets of values and philosophical orientations creates an invisible tensile force, impacting (...) the different stages of the project life cycle. The present paper, which is exploratory in nature, broadly aims to study the impact of sponsors’ values on the different project-management activities, including both the planning and the implementation stages of the project. The research involves conceptualisation of the different significant issues in effective project management. The analysis of the identified issues is first made on the basis of the experience of the selected stakeholders in Tanzanian non-profit organisations. The analysis is further linked to the selected context-specific contemporary philosophical thoughts affecting the socio-cultural values in the region. The analysis shows that the variation in the values of project owners and stakeholders is one of the major challenges in the effective implementation of a project in the given context. The study is novel in its approach and raises some fundamental issues arising due to the different philosophical orientations and value-sets of the different partner-project organisations. It is expected that the study will stimulate further academic debate on the broader theme of ‘values, philosophy and project management’. The study is also likely to contribute to knowledge development in the subject area of management in general and practical management philosophy in particular. (shrink)

This study aimed to identify the learning and business incubation processes and their impact on developing the performance of business incubators in Gaza Strip, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of all employees working in business incubators in Gaza Strip in addition to experts and consultants in incubators where their total number reached (62) individuals, and the researchers used the questionnaire as a main tool to collect data through the comprehensive survey method, (...) where (55) questionnaires were retrieved with a recovery rate of (88.7%). The results of the study showed that there is a high approval of the variables of the study, where the dimension of incubation operations came with a relative weight (84.89%), followed by the learning dimension which got a relative weight (82.50%), while the performance level of the incubators got a relative weight (80.12%) and as the study results showed There is a positive relationship statistically between the two dimensions of learning and business incubation processes and performance development in business incubators, and the linear regression analysis model showed that the main effect in improving the performance of business incubators is "after business incubation operations" while it showed weak effect after learning. The study came out with several recommendations, the most important of which is that business incubators seek to reinforce the learning process and incubation processes for business, and the need to periodically evaluate their performance, and that a more effective mechanism be designed to follow up with companies after the end of the incubation period and monitor the progress of these companies. (shrink)

"This concise, elegant essay on the roots and historical justification of philosophy marks a decisive step in posing the problem of what philosophy is. With consummate clarity and the charisma that distinguished him as a lecturer, Jos Ortega y Gasset re-creates ""that moment when Parmenides began talking about something exceptionally strange, which he called 'being.'"" How and why, he asks, did such a surprising adventure come about?Considering the human qualities that prompt a curiosity about existence and eternity, Ortega examines philosophy's (...) etymology, its connection to poetry, and its differentiation from religion and other modes of thought. He lucidly delineates radical differences of doctrine and style among early Greek thinkers, especially the ""madman of reason"" Parmenides and the ""absolute individual"" Heraclitus. He also considers philosophy's fundamental task of revealing the latent world poised behind the manifest world and discovering the relations between them.""Unable to find lodging among the philosophies of the past,"" Ortega observes, ""we have no choice but to attempt to construct one of our own."" The Origin of Philosophy argues for the vital importance of philosophy as a human endeavor, even while noting that each generation of thought reveals the past as ""a defunct world of errors.""". (shrink)

Fourteen essays by leading scholars from around the world explore the theological, philosophical, and historical connections between the three Abrahamic faiths and ethics. Timely reading for students of religion, philosophy, and ethics.

The potential to collect brain data more directly, with higher resolution, and in greater amounts has heightened worries about mental and brain privacy. In order to manage the risks to individuals posed by these privacy challenges, some have suggested codifying new privacy rights, including a right to “mental privacy.” In this paper, we consider these arguments and conclude that while neurotechnologies do raise significant privacy concerns, such concerns are—at least for now—no different from those raised by other well-understood data collection (...) technologies, such as gene sequencing tools and online surveillance. To better understand the privacy stakes of brain data, we suggest the use of a conceptual framework from information ethics, Helen Nissenbaum’s “contextual integrity” theory. To illustrate the importance of context, we examine neurotechnologies and the information flows they produce in three familiar contexts—healthcare and medical research, criminal justice, and consumer marketing. We argue that by emphasizing what is distinct about brain privacy issues, rather than what they share with other data privacy concerns, risks weakening broader efforts to enact more robust privacy law and policy. (shrink)

Abstract:The objective in this article is to apply a Daoist model of an ethic derived from the Laozi on writings of the Huang Lao tradition to offer a unique Daoist cosmically derived ethic in its own terms. Having our point of departure in the Laozi we refer to its paradoxical language as a living riddle that is inherent in the tradition, and as such it suggests a "model of modeling." We find this model in Laozi 25, according to which self-so (...) (ziran 自然) serves as foundation for an ethic that is neither dichotomizing nor resting on human moral conventions, but serves rather as a guiding philosophy of living. On this basis we explore the question of an ethic in the Huang Lao tradition. (shrink)

Originally published: Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932.