Das Buch untersucht die Bedeutung des Begriffs rationalitas bei Hildegard von Bingen. Zunachst wird die Herkunft des Begriffs von der griechischen Logoslehre uber die fruhchristliche Trinitatsspekulation bis hin zur ratio-Rezeption des Fruhmittelalters beleuchtet. Auf diesem Hintergrund entfaltet der zweite Teil die anthropologisch-theologische Bedeutung von rationalitas fur das Weltbild Hildegards.

Ignorance is often a perfectly good excuse. There are interesting debates about whether non-culpable factual ignorance and mistake subvert obligation, but little disagreement about whether non-culpable factual ignorance and mistake exculpate. What about agents who have all the relevant facts in view but fail to meet their obligations because they do not have the right moral beliefs? If their ignorance of their obligations derives from mistaken moral beliefs or from ignorance of the moral significance of the facts they have in (...) view, should they be excused for failing to meet their moral obligations? It is not obvious that they should. In this paper we argue that the best non-skeptical accounts of moral responsibility acknowledge that factual ignorance and mistake will diminish moral responsibility in a way that moral ignorance and mistake will not. That is because factual ignorance is often non-culpable so long as it meets certain merely procedural epistemic standards but the same is not true of moral ignorance. Our argument is that the assumption that it is gets the standards of culpability for moral ignorance wrong, and that the mistake is encouraged by the thought that culpability in general requires an instance of known wrongdoing: that acting wrongly requires de dicto unresponsiveness to one’s obligations at some stage. We deny this and conclude that, therefore, ignorance and mistaken belief are indeed often perfectly good excuses – but far less often than some philosophers claim. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta o pensamento de Dewey sustentando a tese de que formação é crescimento em função de uma efetiva relação com a vida: o humano é exigido pela vida a desenvolver-se, a crescer em direções muito diversas para então ocupar um espaço na sociedade. No intuito de gerar uma reflexão sobre o dilema da formação humana, o texto introduz outro autor, como coadjuvante, pondo em diálogo duas perspectivas implicadas pelo mesmo tema.

Higher education institutions worldwide have begun to embrace sustainability issues and engage their campuses and communities in such efforts, which have led to the development of integrity and ethical values in these organizations and their relationships with stakeholders. This study provides a literary review of the concept of University Social Responsibility (USR) and sustainability programs worldwide, grouped into eight research streams: conceptual framework, strategic planning and USR, educating on USR, spreading USR, reporting and USR, evaluation of USR, barriers and accelerators (...) and case studies. The aforementioned research streams served as a context to explore best practices in sustainability on a global basis. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a possibilidade de uma morte feliz, e consequentemente, uma vida feliz a partir da interpretação dos pilares filosóficos de Albert Camus, a saber: o absurdo e a revolta. Enquanto o absurdo diz respeito ao confronto da irracionalidade do mundo com o desejo de clareza e racionalidade que se encontra no homem, a revolta está vinculada ao desejo inconsciente de uma moral que denominamos de moral antiteísta ou moral de atitude por mover-se consciente no âmbito (...) das ações concretas, nascidas do sentimento da absurdidade do mundo frente à morte e o sofrimento. Testaremos, ao final, a viabilidade dessa moral antiteísta promover uma morte feliz para quem sofre e uma vida feliz, apesar de todo sofrimento, para aquele que se depara com a morte do outro. Para isso, utilizaremos como fios condutores as obras de Albert Camus: O Mito de Sísifo e A peste. (shrink)

A oferta de oficinas literárias para a população prisional, de uma penitenciária situada fora do Brasil, possibilitou identificar pontos sensíveis na execução penal internacional e na política criminal, apontando que a Educação em Direitos é uma demanda que deve ser implementada antes, durante e depois do cumprimento da pena.

From the thirties "sinarquismo" became an important sociopolitic and socioideological strength in contrast with the Mexican posrevolutionary political system. This article makes an attempts to give and answer to some questions : what was the "sinarquismo" origin and development? Under what bases did it take root socially, politically and ideologically speaking?. How was "sinarquismo" linked to the global context of conservative, catholic and right-winger movements? And what was the story of the "sinarquista" movement in the middle occident of Mexico?

No presente artigo pretendemos descrever os conceitos heideggerianos apresentados no ensaio A origem da obra de arte, no qual o filósofo alemão destaca que o campo instaurador da obra de arte é a verdade. Para tanto, reconstruiremos os passos argumentativos realizados por Heidegger na investigação da origem da obra de arte, a saber, a coisa, o utensílio e a obra. E, por fim, mostraremos que a verdade em Heidegger se dá no embate entre Terra e Mundo, que se caracterizam pelo (...) encobrimento e desencobrimento do ser do ente. Após tais considerações, procuramos investigar a verdade que se pôs em obra nos quadros da artista plástica Marina Rodrigues, que ressaltou o embate entre Terra e o Mundo no período pandêmico. A artista retira da terra o material para a obra de arte, instaurando um mundo em suas telas. Nos quadros de Rodrigues nos deparamos com a finitude da existência humana e o caos urbano. (shrink)

George Rupp's Beyond Existentialism and Zen, in its typological-structural analysis and model of religious pluralism, proffers an alternative to the dominant Kantian models (e.g., by John Hicks and Sarvepalli Radhakrish nan). The question for Rupp is not which religion is true and how to decide that issue-answered in the Kantian approach in terms of an unknowable Ding an sich that all religions, albeit imperfectly, try to approximate or conceptualize (i.e., God or the Transcendent)-but rather how do religions represent, at least (...) in principle, a structural possibility for salvation or human flourishing, however different and incompatible their distinct prima facie truth claims might be. Although the potential for a radically relativistic model is implicit in Rupp's approach, it is argued here that his Hegelian assumptions lead him to accept relativism only in a provisional ("critical") way; for Rupp, under ideal epistemic conditions (e.g., the Peircian "end of inquiry"), one final conceptualization of ultimate reality will emerge as absolute truth. In the final part of this essay a version of the relativistic model implicit in Rupp's approach is defended against both the Kantian model of Hicks et al. and Rupp's Hegelian-Peircian model, which, it is argued, is incompatible certainly with the spirit of his own typological-structural analysis, if not with the letter. In challenging what Rupp calls the truth of Zen, it is further argued that not only is more than one salvific structural possibility available to us through the different world religions but also that realizing these possibilities is principally a human responsibility, and that the cosmos is quite indifferent to and compatible with several possibilities, from the most destructive to the most conducive to human well being and flourishing. (shrink)

George Rupp's Beyond Existentialism and Zen, in its typological-structural analysis and model of religious pluralism, proffers an alternative to the dominant Kantian models (e.g., by John Hicks and Sarvepalli Radhakrish- nan). The question for Rupp is not which religion is true and how to decide that issue-answered in the Kantian approach in terms of an unknowable Ding an sich that all religions, albeit imperfectly, try to approximate or conceptualize (i.e., God or the Transcendent)-but rather how do religions represent, at least (...) in principle, a structural possibility for salvation or human flourishing, however different and incompatible their distinct prima facie truth claims might be. Although the potential for a radically relativistic model is implicit in Rupp's approach, it is argued here that his Hegelian assumptions lead him to accept relativism only in a provisional ("critical") way; for Rupp, under ideal epistemic conditions (e.g., the Peircian "end of inquiry"), one final conceptualization of ultimate reality will emerge as absolute truth. In the final part of this essay a version of the relativistic model implicit in Rupp's approach is defended against both the Kantian model of Hicks et al. and Rupp's Hegelian-Peircian model, which, it is argued, is incompatible certainly with the spirit of his own typological-structural analysis, if not with the letter. In challenging what Rupp calls the truth of Zen, it is further argued that not only is more than one salvific structural possibility available to us through the different world religions but also that realizing these possibilities is principally a human responsibility, and that the cosmos is quite indifferent to and compatible with several possibilities, from the most destructive to the most conducive to human well-being and flourishing. (shrink)

El artículo, con base en un argumento de Michel Foucault: la vigencia –desde el siglo XVIII hasta hoy- de las estrategias liberales del poder para el gobierno de la población, hace una reflexión sobre la escuela actual. Argumenta que la democracia, en cuanto concreción visible de esas estrategias de poder, comporta procesos específicos en la escuela que son nombrados aquí, provisionalmente, como el tránsito desde una escuela disciplinada hasta otra conflictiva, violenta, terapéutica y falta de autoridad, es decir, indisciplinada. Pero, (...) y es el argumento fundamental, en la actualidad, más que invocar mayores cotas de libertad y de democracia para la escuela, se requiere reconocer las formas de sujeción de ese liberalismo democrático, y con ello, tal vez, proponer otras formas de estar en la escuela y en la sociedad. (shrink)

La simplicidad desde la mirada poética es un asunto que, lejos de ser “inoficioso”, puede convertirse en una herramienta humana para asumir el riesgo de la existencia. Cuando el hombre vive en la simplicidad lo que hace es entablar una relación desnuda y directa con el mundo: se deja asombrar cada día, se sumerge en una felicidad en acto. Muchos poetas han sabido que a través de un lenguaje sobrio y, digamos, esencial es posible celebrar la simplicidad, y que ello (...) resulta ser un ejercicio tan válido como revelador. Creer en la simplicidad es creer en el entusiasmo. Vivir en la simplicidad es asumir una seria responsabilidad.  . (shrink)

In the mid-1970s, the fascist-leaning dictatorships in Spain (1939–1977) and Portugal (1933–1974) fell. Closely linked to the 1973 oil crisis, debates over energy and technology policies became very prominent during the ensuing political redefinition of both countries. Two decades after the first international agreements between the Iberian regimes and the United States for the development of nuclear programs, a myriad of movements of social resistance to nuclear technology emerged in dialogue with anti-nuclear organizations in other European countries. Fun and playfulness (...) have been used for top–down popularization and banalization of nuclear technologies since the 1950s, but here pleasant forms of resistance also played a central role in contesting national energy plans, expert discourses, and vested interests. This article explores what we call “anti-nuclear fun,” the use of amusement, play, and humor as political and epistemic tools to familiarize society with the exceptional and daily risks of the “peaceful atom.”. (shrink)

Este artigo visa fazer um diálogo a respeito do desejo aflitivo por comida, de um lado dialogando com textos da tradição budista tibetana Geluk, e do outro com pesquisas realizadas na área da saúde, especialmente as voltadas à parte biológica-comportamental da alimentação. Bem como, trazer contribuições para a área da saúde, a respeito do desejo aflitivo, que contribui na problemática crescente do sobrepeso, obesidade e doenças associadas no contexto mundial das sociedades desenvolvidas.

O artigo se propõe a refletir sobre as perspectivas, dimensões e fundamentos do saber musical sensível em escolas de educação básica brasileiras. Parte constituinte de uma pesquisa teórica voltada a pensar a epistemologia da educação musical escolar (Aquino, 2016), tem-se como pressuposto o fato de o saber musical escolar ser um tipo de saber sensível e, como tal, capaz de fomentar modos de operar articuladores de aspectos comumente percebidos como incompatíveis e, por conseguinte, apreendidos e vivenciados de forma dissociadora na (...) contemporaneidade. À medida que são estabelecidas as relações imanentes entre seus fundamentos éticos, cognitivos, emocionais e somáticos, suas dimensões científicas, filosóficas e artísticas, bem como as relações extrínsecas com outros campos do saber, acredita-se contribuir para a construção de alicerces epistemológicos mais claros para a educação musical nas escolas brasileiras de educação básica. (shrink)

Las células madre embrionarias humanas son células pluripotentes con potenciales aplicaciones en medicina regenerativa e interés considerable en investigación y biotecnología. Sin embargo, dada la estrecha relación con principios morales y bioéticos, ha existido una considerable discusión sobre la posibilidad de patentar o no este tipo de células madre. En el presente artículo, se revisa la legislación europea en materia de propiedad industrial, y la tradición del sistema jurídico continental en el reconocimiento de la dignidad humana como principio fundamental y (...) su relación con la protección de invenciones biotecnológicas, centrados en la reciente sentencia del caso Brüstle v. Greenpeace e.V. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to explain, by means of Aristotelic texts, the answer to two questions related to the mentioned concepts: 1) What is the goal and purpose of the philosophy of human things?: and 2) To whom is this knowledge addressed?

The aim of our research is to analyze how different religions influence business ethics. We develop an index of practices in the field of business ethics, made up of 19 items containing practices related to workers, consumers, products, human rights, management of ethical conflicts, and crime prevention. Also, we consider a wide range of religion affiliations. To undertake this research, we use a panel data sample composed of 11,956 firm‐year observations from 18 countries. Drawing on stakeholder theory, we posit some (...) hypotheses based on the religions considered. The results obtained show that a higher percentage of religious adherents in the country where a company does business usually involve the implementation of more ethical practices in the corporate field. These findings are obtained for Christian, Islamic, Jewish, and Hindu religions. In contrast, this does not stand for Buddhist and folk religions. Also, countries where there is no predominant religion do not show a confluence between religion and ethical corporate practices. (shrink)

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) foi um proeminente escritor e um dos maiores intelectuais europeus do movimento positivista do século XIX. Filósofo, sociólogo, biólogo, educador e cientista, fortemente influenciado pela teoria da evolução de Charles Darwin, foi também autor de prolíficas obras filosóficas e educativas, como Os Princípios da Sociologia, A Educação Intelectual, Moral e Física. Do livro intitulado The Philosophy of Style, publicado originalmente na Inglaterra, em 1852, apresenta-se as traduções de seis ensaios filosófico-literários ao português brasileiro, nos quais Spencer discorreu (...) sobre a aplicação da economia às palavras, ao texto literário e traços peculiares da linguagem estética.Palavras-chave: Herbert Spencer. Filosofia. Linguagem. Estilo. (shrink)

Upper ontologies have traditionally arisen from the approach in which concepts that are common across a set of domains can be axiomatized at a general level. The rationale is that reuse across domains is to be supported through specialization of the general concepts from an upper ontology. Similarly, semantic integration between ontologies is to be achieved through the general concepts they specialize. The TUpper Ontology follows an alternative approach to the conventional upper ontology paradigm. Rather than think of an upper (...) ontology as a monolithic axiomatization centred on a taxonomy, the sideways approach considers an upper ontology to be a modular ontology composed of generic ontologies that cover concepts including those related to time, process, and space. TUpper is therefore composed of a set of generic ontologies, and each generic ontology axiomatizes a particular set of generic concepts. The TUpper Ontology is designed as a top-level ontology that contains modules from the ontologies within existing international standards. (shrink)

Dom Léger-Marie Deschamps élabora un système philosophique profondément subversif et novateur, intitulé : La Vérité, ou Le Vrai Système. Il s'agit d'une philosophie de la totalité, fondée sur une logique des contraires et du contradictoire. La métaphysique de Deschamps annonce l'avènement d'une nouvelle humanité, qui induit nécessairement une nouvelle société, dans lequel l'État, les lois, les idéologies, la religion, la propriété sont abolis, chacun étant égal à tous. Au XVIIIe siècle cette doctrine ne pouvait être diffusée sans risques très graves (...) pour son auteur: l'amitié et la protection du marquis de Voyer d'Argenson évitèrent à Dom Deschamps toute persécution. (shrink)

Resumen Olegario González de Cardedal es precursor y pionero de la Nueva Apologética en España, y, aparte de analizar la credibilidad de la revelación por el signo fundamental Jesucristo, en necesario comprobar si la fe es razonable para el hombre del siglo XXI y sí los argumentos que la explican no son contrarios a la lógica. Entre los distintos pasos para indagarlo se parte de que la fe es significativa para el hombre, objetivo fundamental de este artículo. Las fuentes de (...) estudio empleadas han sido cuarenta artículos del teólogo publicados en distintos medios de comunicación, principalmente en los periódicos ABC y El País. En este estudio, siempre desde la visión del autor, se aclarará algunas características antropológicas señaladas por el autor, basadas en las ciencias humanas; la relación del hombre con lo sagrado; los rasgos más característicos de su Antropología Teológica; y por último se dará respuesta a la pregunta: ¿La fe es significativa para el hombre actual? Se termina con algunas consideraciones sobre el tema.Olegario González de Cardedal is recognized as a Theologian pioneer of the New Apologetic in Spain, and, besides analjzing the credibility of the revelation by the fundamental sign jesús Christ, it is needed to verify whether the Faith remains reasonable for the man on the XXI century, and whether the argu-ments that explain it are not in opposition to the logic. Among the different steps on such a quest, an starting point is that the Faith provides meaning to the man, which is the main pupose of this article. The sources for this study were forty anieles of the theologian in different means, especially on the Spanish newspapers: ABC and El País. Along this study, some anthropologic characteristics pointed out by the Theologian are claúfied, like those based on the human sciences, the relationship between man and the sacred, the most fundamental aspeas of its Theological anthropology, and an answer will be provided to the question: Is Faith significant for the man today? (shrink)

Resumen Olegario González de Cardedal es precursor y pionero de la Nueva Apologética en España, y, aparte de analizar la credibilidad de la revelación por el signo fundamental Jesucristo, en necesario comprobar si la fe es razonable para el hombre del siglo XXI y sí los argumentos que la explican no son contrarios a la lógica. Entre los distintos pasos para indagarlo se parte de que la fe es significativa para el hombre, objetivo fundamental de este artículo. Las fuentes de (...) estudio empleadas han sido cuarenta artículos del teólogo publicados en distintos medios de comunicación, principalmente en los periódicos ABC y El País. En este estudio, siempre desde la visión del autor, se aclarará algunas características antropológicas señaladas por el autor, basadas en las ciencias humanas; la relación del hombre con lo sagrado; los rasgos más característicos de su Antropología Teológica; y por último se dará respuesta a la pregunta: ¿La fe es significativa para el hombre actual? Se termina con algunas consideraciones sobre el tema.Olegario González de Cardedal is recognized as a Theologian pioneer of the New Apologetic in Spain, and, besides analjzing the credibility of the revelation by the fundamental sign jesús Christ, it is needed to verify whether the Faith remains reasonable for the man on the XXI century, and whether the argu-ments that explain it are not in opposition to the logic. Among the different steps on such a quest, an starting point is that the Faith provides meaning to the man, which is the main pupose of this article. The sources for this study were forty anieles of the theologian in different means, especially on the Spanish newspapers: ABC and El País. Along this study, some anthropologic characteristics pointed out by the Theologian are claúfied, like those based on the human sciences, the relationship between man and the sacred, the most fundamental aspeas of its Theological anthropology, and an answer will be provided to the question: Is Faith significant for the man today? (shrink)

Se plantea el problema de la existencia de una campo científico -el geográfico - para el cual existen candidaturas e disciplinas determinadas como la Geografía Física, La Humana, la R egional y la Universal, etc. Se plantea la diferencia entre ciencias naturales y humanas, así como entre ciencias texonómicas y ciencias mereológicas, como marcos de análisis para las ciencias geográficas.