This book contains the first English translations of The Origin of the Moral Sensations and Psychological Observations the two most important works by the German philosopher Paul Re. These essays present Re's moral philosophy, which ...

Die Entstehung des Gewissens.--Materie.--Das Kausalgesetz--Die Eitelkeit.--Gedanken über verschiedene Gegenstände der Philosophie.

Just Ecological Integrity presents a collection of revised and expanded essays originating from the international conference "Connecting Environmental Ethics, Ecological Integrity, and Health in the New Millennium" held in San Jose, Costa Rica in June 2000. It is a cooperative venture of the Global Ecological Integrity Project and the Earth Charter Initiative.

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Die Edition prasentiert Rees Bucher Psychologische Beobachtungen (1875), Der Ursprung der moralischen Empfindungen (1877), Die Entstehung des Gewissens (1885) und Die Illusion der Willensfreiheit (1885).

There is an eye-catching similarity in structure between Paul Rée’s Origin of Moral Sensations and Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals. Accordingly, the Genealogy has been understood as a riposte to Rée. I will argue in this paper that Nietzsche distances himself from Rée not only by developing alternative genealogies for moral concepts and institutions. Nietzsche’s main aim in criticizing Rée is to develop his own genealogical method that aims for historical adequacy, psychological adequacy, distinction of cause and function, acceptance of (...) partial historical opacity and perspectivism. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo investiga os dois diferentes modelos de "observação psicológica" que Arthur Schopenhauer e Paul Rée elaboraram, enquanto parte de suas filosofias morais, pretendendo elucidar as críticas do último à moralidade e à psicologia empírica do primeiro. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, a investigação pauta alguns dos principais conceitos da filosofia moral schopenhaueriana, para, com isso, especificar os principais momentos da elaboração da referida psicologia empírica e o seu alcance no interior dessa filosofia. Destaca-se o caráter descritivo - (...) mas, ainda assim, moral e crítico - atribuído por Schopenhauer a tal psicologia, no sentido de Psychologische Bemerkungen. Num segundo momento, indicam-se elementos conceituais que permitem pensar a recepção e as críticas de Rée a essa mesma noção, a partir da sua obra Psychologische Beobachtungen, que, mesmo declarada pelo autor como sendo de inspiração schopenhaueriana, apresenta suas "observações" com uma conotação diversa, mediante a recusa de elementos fundamentais daquele pensamento, notadamente no que tange ao âmbito da moralidade.: This article investigates the two different models of "psychological observation" that Arthur Schopenhauer and Paul Rée elaborated as part of their moral philosophies. We intend to elucidate former's empirical psychology and the latter's critique of morality. The investigation first addresses the main concepts of the moral philosophy of Schopenhauer, so as to specify the principal aspects of his empirical psychology and its reach within his philosophy. We emphasize the descriptive - but still moral and critical - character attributed by Schopenhauer to this psychology in the sense of Psychologische Bemerkungen. Second, we discuss Rée's critique of this notion in his Psychologische Beobachtungen, a work which, even though declared by the author as being inspired by Schopenhauer, presents its "observations" with a rejection of fundamental elements of Schopenhauer's thought, especially with regard to morality. (shrink)

_The Algebra of Revolution_ is the first book to study Marxist method as it has been developed by the main representatives of the classical Marxist tradition, namely Marx and Engels, Luxembourg, Lenin, Lukacs, Gramsci and Trotsky. This book provides the only single volume study of major Marxist thinkers' views on the crucial question of the dialectic, connecting them with pressing contemporary, political and theoretical questions. John Rees's _The Algebra of Revolution_ is vital reading for anyone interested in gaining a new (...) and fresh perspective on Marxist thought and on the notion of the dialectic. (shrink)

Descartes is widely portrayed as the arch proponent of “the epistemological transparency of thought” (or simply, “Transparency”). The most promising version of this view—Transparency-through-Introspection—says that introspecting (i.e., inwardly attending to) a thought guarantees certain knowledge of that thought. But Descartes rejects this view and provides numerous counterexamples to it. I argue that, instead, Descartes’s theory of self-knowledge is just an application of his general theory of knowledge. According to his general theory, certain knowledge is acquired only through clear and distinct (...) intellection. Thus, in his view, certain knowledge of one’s thoughts is acquired only through clear and distinct intellection of one’s thoughts. Introspection is a form of intellection and it can be clear and distinct. Ordinarily, however, introspection isn’t clear and distinct but is instead confused with dubitable perceptions of bodies. To make introspection clear and distinct, we need to “sharply separate” it from all perceptions of bodies by doubting all perceptions of bodies. Without such radical doubt, introspection remains confused and we lack certain knowledge not just of the specific features of our thoughts, but even of the minimal claim that a thought exists. Far from being the high priest of Transparency, Descartes is radically opposed to it. (shrink)