This essay considers the creation of a gender identity clinic at Rikshospitalet, the National Hospital of Norway, in the early 2000s and its implications for the production of medical knowledge during that era. In the preceding decades, medical transition was overseen by an informal, self-organized, multidisciplinary team of medical experts, but this situation changed when a centralized gender identity clinic was established under psychiatric control. The essay argues that shifting institutional, societal, economic, legal, and bureaucratic circumstances redistributed expertise and authority (...) on trans medicine. Economic framing, institutional frictions, patient activism, and media attention restricted the doctors’ room for maneuver and created a scientific crisis of legitimacy in trans medicine. These processes changed medical knowledge regarding medical transition; eventually, “sex change” and, therefore, all that is denoted by “sex” became intertwined with and inseparable from the politico-bureaucratic processes of reforming a modern public health-care system and welfare state. By anchoring the analysis in the history of science and expertise, this inquiry offers a new focus on the role of bureaucratic practices in the production, structuring, and circulation of medical knowledge in the welfare state. (shrink)

Filosofi med børn har siden 80’erne været kendt i Danmark som en stærkt dialogisk undervisningsform med fokus på elevernes evne til at reflektere sammen og argumentere selvstændigt. Feltets idealer kan dog være vanskelige at leve op til i praksis. Denne caseanalyse undersøger en rapport, hvor de dialogiske idealer for Filosofi med børn beskrives sammen med praksiseksempler, og analysen viser, at den faktiske undervisning ikke lever op til idealerne. Casen illustrerer dermed nogle af udfordringerne ved at bryde med en klassisk lærercentreret (...) undervisningsform, samt nødvendigheden af didaktiske værktøjer og strategier for at lykkes med den dialogiske tilgang i Filosofi med børn. (shrink)

This article traces the metamorphoses of Norwegian reformism during the last two centuries. In the Norwegian system, the shifting political regimes have to a remarkable extent been accompanied by shifting knowledge discourses. Regardless of whether its ideological dress was liberalism or socialism, a central feature of Norwegian reformism has been its basis in different versions of social science: it has been a scientific reformism. The legal knowledge regime of the civil servants’ state was towards the end of the 19th century (...) replaced by a democratic-pedagogical knowledge regime. When the Labour Party gained control of the political centre in 1945, it did so in coalition with the new economists. Following the demise of the Labour Party state in the 1980s, some features of a new knowledge regime have become visible. (shrink)

Abstract:This article is based on results from research that addressed the ways young Black Metal musicians construct their musical learning and socialization. In this article we will focus on one of the strands in that study; a trace of a classic ideal from Bildung theory. Using Bildung theory, we explore similarities between the ideals and concepts in the expressed informal music education from Black Metal musicians and contemporary institutionalized music education. In this article the German and Nordic 18th century concept (...) of Bildung will be interpreted as the component that binds and contextualizes knowledge by a dialectic process with already inherited or internalized knowledge. Exploring, identifying, and comparing links between the educative process found within Black Metal and Bildung might at first sight seem to be both a pointless task and potentially reifying of problematic elements found within Black Metal. However, as we discuss, common features of Bildung and Black Metal, such as enlightenment through criticism of the taken-for-granted, a sublime Gesamtkunstwerk and a nihilist striving to become an image of God, help to reveal those ways Black Metal learning processes can be understood inthe light of Bildung theories. We do so in order to present tools for furthering the critical discussion of hegemonic music educational discourses. (shrink)

Likert-scale surveys are frequently used in cross-cultural studies on leadership. Recent publications using digital text algorithms raise doubt about the source of variation in statistics from such studies to the extent that they are semantically driven. The Semantic Theory of Survey Response (STSR) predicts that in the case of semantically determined answers, the response patterns may also be predictable across languages. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was applied to 11 different ethnic samples in English, Norwegian, German, Urdu and Chinese. Semantic (...) algorithms predicted responses significantly across all conditions, although to varying degree. Comparisons of Norwegian, German, Urdu and Chinese samples in native versus English language versions suggest that observed differences are not culturally dependent but caused by different translations and understanding. The maximum variance attributable to culture was a 5% unique overlap of variation in the two Chinese samples. These findings question the capability of traditional surveys to detect cultural differences. It also indicates that cross-cultural leadership research may risk lack of practical relevance. (shrink)

The eleven essays in this volume, supplemented by an editorial introduction, centre around three overlapping problems. First, why would a society want to limit its own sovereign power by imposing constitutional constraints on democratic decision-making? Second, what are the contributions of democracy and constitutions to efficient government? Third, what are the relations among democracy, constitutionalism, and private property? This comprehensive discussion of the problems inherent in constitutional democracy will be of interest to students in a variety of social sciences. It (...) illuminates particularly the current efforts of many countries, especially in Latin America, to establish stable democratic regimes. (shrink)

"Jon Elster har en posisjon i internasjonal filosofi og samfunnsforskning som ingen annen norsk akademiker. I denne boken, som utkommer til hans 70-årsdag, gis det et bilde av Elsters virke som analytisk vitenskapsfilosof, venstreradikal folkeopplyser og kontroversiell debattant. Elster selv kommer til orde gjennom to selvbiografiske skisser, 'Going to Chicago' og 'Paris tur-retur', samt en rekke mindre artikler om bl.a. dagdrøm, dialektikk, frustrasjon, Hegel, Marx, viljesvakhet og ønsketenkning. Debattanten Elster dokumenteres med ulike innlegg om vitenskapelig obskurantisme. Elsters vitenskapsteoretiske verktøykasse diskuteres (...) av filosofer, sosiologer, statsvitere og økonomer, med tilsvar fra Elster selv. Bokens redaktør har skrevet det innledende portrett: 'Høyt henger han, og sur er han?'"--Dust jacket. (shrink)

_ Source: _Volume 39, Issue 2, pp 139 - 164 The aim of the present study is to explore the significance of religiousness for patients suffering from first-episode psychosis. Our study is a thematic analysis. The study illustrates how the patients understood their hallucinations as mystical experiences. Even so, many of the patients describe their religiousness to be helpful in coping with their disorder, giving meaning to life as well as a relationship to a sacred figure. However, their religiousness often (...) contained religious omnipotent delusions, and built on hallucinations, displayed an unsecure relationship to the sacred figure. From a psychiatric point of view, the misinterpretation of hallucinations as mystical experiences may reinforce their delusional system and cause an obstacle to recovery. This misinterpretation may also cause problems for patients’ religious coping. Our findings underline the importance of taking patients’ religiousness into account in psychotherapy. (shrink)

Asheim, O. Om handlingsformidling.--Hellesnes, J. Hending, handling og aktør.--Apel, K.-O. Vår tids konflikter og muligheten for en etiskpolitisk grunnorientering.--Böhler, D. Å kunne handle, å kunne forstå, å kunne tale.--Nordenstam, T. Vetenskaplig kompetens.--Måseide, A. Perspektivitet, intensjonalitet, refleksjon.--Øfsti, A. Moral og erscheinungswelt hos Kant.--Haga, Å. Transcendentalfilosofi og refleksiv argumentasjon.--Skirbekk, G. Folkelege tankar om sikt og oversikt.--Johannessen, K. S. Mening, kontekst, praksis og transcendentalitet.--Kalleberg, R. Fra kritikk av positivismen til kritikk av kapitalismens politiske økonomi.--Slagstad, R. Struktur-funksjonalisme og historisk materialisme.--Wyller, E. A. Politisk (...) oppløsning og forfall ifølge Platon.--Høibraaten, H. Romantisk eller teknologisk refleksjon. (shrink)