Before I reply to the account of Gretchen Reydams‑Schils on the theory of matter in the Commentary on Timaeus by Calcidius, I would like to clarify the organization of various topics into the commentary. Nevertheless the first point will deal with the study of dualism in Plato’s dialogue. Then I will show that the cosmos works as a continuum and I will present the ‘symphonic’ composition of the Latin exegesis. About the matter‑hyle, I will try to link it with the (...) soul. (shrink)

Expressing ‘essence’ in the translation and commentary of Timaeus by Calcidius depends on Platonist terminology which is not completely stabilised. We will see how, in his translation, Calcidius translated Greek words as οὐσία or φύσις, but also how he used the word substantia whereas there was no expression of essence in the Greek text. The Latin commentator used both essentia and substantia, but the latter quite often. However, in doing so, he weakened the meaning of the word substantia. Lastly, Calcidius (...) translated into Latin and used Greek no‑Platonist expressions with a very specific signification of ‘essence’. (shrink)

Dans la philosophie antique, la φαντασία constitue une notion clé au croisement de la psychologie, de l’éthique et de l’esthétique. Deux diffi­cultés cependant surgissent pour qui veut étudier ce terme. C’est d’abord que, assez fréquent dans les textes grecs en tant que marqueur de chacun des systèmes philosophiques qui se sont succédé, il ne relève pas tou­jours de la puissance cognitive de l’âme ; c’est ensuite que le terme pose de redoutables problèmes de transferts, liés aussi bien à la s...

Le De mundi caelestis terrestrisque constitutione liber, attribué à tort à Bède, est un texte curieux, qui, élaboré en milieu monastique au XIe ou XIIe siècle, présente peu de références scripturaires, mais renseigne sur la réception médiévale des textes scientifiques et philosophiques latins d'époque tardive.

On peut difficilement contester l’importance de la traduction du Timée (17a-53c) par un certain Calcidius, accompagnée d’un commentaire d’une section plus courte (31c-53c), datant du ive siècle de notre ère. Comme le note Béatrice Bakhouche (p. 58), ce texte est, avec le Commentaire au Songe de Scipion de Macrobe, les Noces de Mercure et Philologie de Martianus Capella et la Consolation de Philosophie de Boèce, un des quatre « maîtres-livres‑» qui ont assuré la transmission de l’héritage phil...

"Kant and the Capacity to Judge" will prove to be an important and influential event in Kant studies and in philosophy.

_Critique of Violence_ is a highly original and lucid investigation of the heated controversy between poststructuralism and critical theory. Leading theorist Beatrice Hanssen uses Walter Benjamin's essay 'Critique of Violence' as a guide to analyse the contentious debate, shifting the emphasis from struggle to dialogue between the two parties. Regarding the questions of critique and violence as the major meeting points between both traditions, Hanssen positions herself _between_ the two in an effort to investigate what critical theory and poststructuralism have (...) to offer each other. In the course of doing so, she assembles imaginative new readings of Benjamin, Arendt, Fanon and Foucault, and incisively explores the politics of recognition, the violence of language, and the future of feminist theory. This groundbreaking book will be essential reading for all students of continental philosophy, political theory, social studies and comparative literature. Also available in this series: _Essays on Otherness_ Hb: 0-415-13107-3: £50.00 Pb: 0-415-13108-1: £15.99 _Hegel After Derrida_ Hb: 0-415-17104-4: £50.00 Pb: 0-415-17105-9: £15.99 _The Hypocritical Imagination_ Hb: 0-415-21361-4: £47.50 Pb: 0-415-21362-2: £15.99 _Philosophy and Tragedy_ Hb: 0-415-19141-6: £45.00 Pb: 0-415-19142-4: £14.99 _Textures of Light_ Hb: 0-415-14273-3: £42.50 Pb: 0-415-14274-1: £13.99 _Very Little... Almost Nothing_ Pb: 0-415-12821-8: £47.50 Pb: 0-415-12822-6: £15.99. (shrink)

Le 'Timée' est incontestablement le dialogue de Platon le plus cité dans l'Antiquité, le plu lu et le plus commenté. Tenu pour la "bible" des médio-platoniciens, il a joui d'une faveur extraordinaire, comme en témoignent les multiples commentaires qui ont vu le jour dans la pensée grecque, de Crantor à Proclus. Cette abondance d'études s'explique par deux raisons principales, intimement liées. D'un côté, le 'Timée', récit qui traite de la "création" du monde et de celle de l'homme, est un texte (...) difficile, exemple paradigmatique de l'obscurité que les auteurs anciens attribuaient à Platon, de l'autre, en proposant un modèle d'univers physique, il se présente comme un traité de cosmologie, le premier en fait à nous être parvenu, et offre une véritable somme des connaissances humaines où interviennent également la psychologie et la métaphysique, une encyclopédie scientifique dont la brièveté même exigeait d'emblée des éclaircissements et des explications préliminaires pour qui ne possédait pas une solide culture scientifique. Ce qui ressortit à la cosmogonie et à la psychogonie est en effet associé aux quatre sciences "mathématiques" (arithmétique, géométrie, musique, astronomie), et pour ce qui se rapporte à l'homme et à l'anthropologie le texte platonicien fait intervenir en outre des sciences comme l'optique ou la médecine. On peut donc comprendre que le caractère "mythique" de l'énoncé et sa dimension scientifique aient constitué autant d'éléments de nature à désarçonner un lecteur non averti. L'importance de cet écrit explique par ailleurs qu'on en trouve de très nombreuses traces dans le monde latin, notamment médiéval, où les traductions fragmentaires et les commentaires sur le 'Timée' servent, entre autres, à l'exégèse biblique. De surcroît, à la Renaissance l'Occident retrouve l'héritage hellène, et les humanistes ont à leur disposition les traditions grecque et latine du "dialogue. (shrink)

Critique of Violence is a highly original and lucid investigation of the heated controversy between poststructuralism and critical theory. Leading theorist Beatrice Hanssen uses Walter Benjamin's essay 'Critique of Violence' as a guide to analyse the contentious debate, shifting the emphasis from struggle to dialogue between the two parties. Regarding the questions of critique and violence as the major meeting points between both traditions, Hanssen positions herself between the two in an effort to investigate what critical theory and poststructuralism have (...) to offer each other. In the course of doing so, she assembles imaginative new readings of Benjamin, Arendt, Fanon and Foucault, and incisively explores the politics of recognition, the violence of language, and the future of feminist theory. This groundbreaking book will be essential reading for all students of continental philosophy, political theory, social studies and comparative literature. Also available in this series: Essays on Otherness Hb: 0-415-13107-3: £50.00 Pb: 0-415-13108-1: £15.99 Hegel After Derrida Hb: 0-415-17104-4: £50.00 Pb: 0-415-17105-9: £15.99 The Hypocritical Imagination Hb: 0-415-21361-4: £47.50 Pb: 0-415-21362-2: £15.99 Philosophy and Tragedy Hb: 0-415-19141-6: £45.00 Pb: 0-415-19142-4: £14.99 Textures of Light Hb: 0-415-14273-3: £42.50 Pb: 0-415-14274-1: £13.99 Very Little ... Almost Nothing Pb: 0-415-12821-8: £47.50 Pb: 0-415-12822-6: £15.99. (shrink)

L’objectif de cette communication est d’aborder la question des revues scientifiques du point de vue des chercheurs : dans quelle mesure le système de publication est-il contraignant pour l’activité scientifique et à quel point lui est-il, dans le même temps, indispensable ?\nL’empreinte du système de publication sur l’activité des chercheurs peut s’observer au moins à\ntrois niveaux. Tout d’abord, dès leur apparition, les publications scientifiques ont été le lieu de la mise en place d’une « technologie littéraire », d’une standardisation progressive (...) du mode de présentation des\nrésultats de la recherche, participant ainsi de manière essentielle au processus de légitimation\ndes savoirs scientifiques. Parallèlement, mais sur un plan plus général, le développement d’un\nmarché de l’édition scientifique a contribué à l’organisation de la sphère scientifique en spécialités\net en disciplines, avec leurs frontières et leurs propres normes. Enfin, que ce soit lors de leurs\néchanges, dans le cadre de leurs collaborations mais aussi pour l’évaluation de leurs travaux, les\npublications sont fortement impliquées dans la pratique quotidienne des scientifiques. L’activité\nde publication est alors l’occasion de multiples régulations du travail collectif des chercheurs.\nQuelles sont les transformations que le développement de l’édition numérique peut entraîner à\ntous ces niveaux ? (shrink)

Heideggers Topologie des Seins kann als eine Chaos- und Emergenztheorie des Seins gelesen werden. Die einzelnen Topoi sind emergente Selbstkonstituierungen des ur-sprünglich fraktgenen Seinsgeschehens, der Physis, des Naturprozesses. Unsere Selbstgegebenheit, unsere Wirklichkeit und unsere Freiheit sind solche Konstituierungen und stehen nicht im Widerspruch zum Naturprozess, sondern werden von ihm getragen und ausgetragen. Das Seinsgeschehen ist zwar schon im Anfang fatal fraktal, aber kein blindes Geschick, kein blindes Fatum. Zum Fatum gehört die Autonomie als ein Aus-sich-selbst-für-sich-selbst-sein. Freiheit ist schon im Ur-Sprung (...) unser Verhängnis. Naturgesetz und Freiheit stehen sich nicht unversöhnlich gegenüber, doch das Fatum unserer Freiheit wurde uns wiederholt zum Verhängnis. Als Teil des ganzen großen Wirkgefüges können wir die Hoffnung hegen, auf Grund unseres immanenten Logos, der nur eine Selbstkonstituierung des >großen Logos. (shrink)

Our reality constitutes itself as being one of pictures. Landscape is a product of aesthetic reflection as well as the perception of reality and virtual reality of the first order (VR 1). Pictorial representation of a landscape is virtual reality of the second order (VR 2). A picture is a structure of relations with a specific topology or an interrelationship. A picture is set in relation. Topology relates to relational similarities and differences as well as their transfer into other interrelationships, (...) other topologies. The differences between nature, landscape (VR 1), metaphor of landscape and pictorial representation of landscape, etc. (VR 2) describe a change of the interrelationship. These changes happen in a physical-psychic-mental production of reality. We are involved in the events of particular relationships of the picture. The Topology of Being and Appearance reflects the inconspicuous similarities of relations and proportions in the relationship of the world in association with our physical-psychic-mental existential orientation in the world. (shrink)

This study investigated visual statistical learning (VSL) in 24 deaf signers and 24 hearing non‐signers. Previous research with hearing individuals suggests that SL mechanisms support literacy. Our first goal was to assess whether VSL was associated with reading ability in deaf individuals, and whether this relation was sustained by a link between VSL and sign language skill. Our second goal was to test the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis, which makes the prediction that deaf people should be impaired in sequential processing tasks. (...) For the VSL task, we adopted a modified version of the triplet learning paradigm, with stimuli presented sequentially across space and time. Results revealed that measures of sign language skill (sentence comprehension/repetition) did not correlate with VSL scores, possibly due to the sequential nature of our VSL task. Reading comprehension scores (PIAT‐R) were a significant predictor of VSL accuracy in hearing but not deaf people. This finding might be due to the sequential nature of the VSL task and to a less salient role of the sequential orthography‐to‐phonology mapping in deaf readers compared to hearing readers. The two groups did not differ in VSL scores. However, when reading ability was taken into account, VSL scores were higher for the deaf group than the hearing group. Overall, this evidence is inconsistent with the Auditory Scaffolding Hypothesis, suggesting that humans can develop efficient sequencing abilities even in the absence of sound. (shrink)

Up to the present, there have not been any specific norms regarding medically assisted human reproduction in Romanian legislation. Due to this situation the general legislation regarding medical assistance, the Penal and Civil law and the provisions of the Code of Deontology of the Romanian College of Physicians are applied to the field of medically assisted human reproduction. By analysing the ethical and legal conflicts regarding medically assisted human reproduction in Romania, some characteristics cannot be set apart because they derive (...) from religious, cultural and socio-economic aspects. In this article the authors identify the development stages of medically assisted human reproduction in Romania, beginning from these characteristics and insisting upon the failure of the legal system in this specific field. The authors consider that the law regarding medically assisted human reproduction cannot be effective because it did not take into account the ethical and cultural aspects that might appear. Furthermore, in this framework of the legal process, no public debate involving the representatives of civil society was undertaken although the Council of Europe Oviedo Convention approved by our country according to law no. 17/2001 stipulated exactly this working method. Content Type Journal Article Pages 4-13 Authors Beatrice Ioan, PHD, MD, MA IN BIOETHICS, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania Vasile Astarastoae, PHD, MD, JD, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania Journal Human Reproduction & Genetic Ethics Online ISSN 2043-0469 Print ISSN 1028-7825 Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 2 / 2008. (shrink)

All living human beings have the moral right not to be denied reasonable help in life threatening situations. Disasters take on many forms, but their consequences for individuals may be prolonged and stretch into the next generation. We have a moral obligation to create a better life for people by speaking out and trying to prevent man-made disasters and their consequences. To do this the commitment to life and its value must be reinforced. A number of suggestions are made, particularly (...) in relation to the role of nurses. Toutes les personnes ont le droit moral de recevoir l'aide raisonable dans des situations menaceant à la vie. Des désastres se présentent sous multiples formes, mais leur conséquences peuvent être prolongées pour des individus jusqu'à la prochaine génération. Nous avons une obligation morale de créér une meilleure vie pour tous les peuples en parlant en faveur de la prévention de désastres et leur conséquences. Un engagement à la vie et ses valeurs doit donc être renforcé. Quelques suggestions concernant le rôle des infirmiers/eres sont faites ici. Alle lebenden Menschen haben das morlaische Recht, in lebensdrohenden Situationen angemessene Hilfe zu erhalten. Katastrophen sind vielseitig, aber ihre Konsequenzen können sich für einzelne Menschen verlängern bis in die nächste Generation. Wir haben eine moralische Verpflichtung, ein besseres Leben zu erarbeiten für alle Menschen, in dem wir eintreten um künstliche Katastrophen und deren Konsequenzen zu verhüten. Eine Verpflichtung zum Leben und seinen Werten muss deshalb verstärkt werden. Eine Anzahl von Vorschlagen, besonders was die Rolle des Krankenpflegepersonals anbetricht, sind hier gemacht. (shrink)

Les médias de communication numérique à distance et les créations logicielles de communication entre les individus qui ont émergé ces trente dernières années ont entrainé un développement sans précédent de nouvelles technologies de l’écrit et de l’écriture ainsi qu’une retextualisation des échanges concomitante à une dématérialisation du contexte. Or, la dématérialisation du contexte propre à ces environnements complexifie de manière exponentielle sa compréhension, multipliant les risques de malentendus, de décalages, d’incompréhension. Les personnes qui communiquent n’étant pas physiquement présentes l’une à (...) l’autre, leur rencontre s’effectue et se matérialise via un texte. La textualité devient dès lors un nouveau mode de rencontre, dont le texte est le lieu. Le fait que nous imaginions la communication comme si elle était instantanée développe une compréhension textuelle du message, dans l’instant où nous le lisons, qui est propre à la réception. Tous ces échanges reposent sur une faille identique : ils privent l’interaction des nombreuses possibilités de régulation que permet la présence et dont nous privent les écrans, alors que la communication ne repose que sur un pourcentage très faible de verbal. Je définis ainsi le décalage contextuel, qui s’insinue dans ce manque, comme étant d’abord un décalage énonciatif augmenté d’une constante et nécessaire recontextualisation. Après en avoir expliqué le processus, j’en illustre les manifestations à travers l’analyse d’un extrait de corpus, constitué par des réactions au texte la liberté d’importuner paru dans le Monde du 10 janvier 2018. (shrink)

Les médias de communication numérique à distance et les créations logicielles de communication entre les individus qui ont émergé ces trente dernières années ont entrainé un développement sans précédent de nouvelles technologies de l’écrit et de l’écriture ainsi qu’une retextualisation des échanges concomitante à une dématérialisation du contexte. Or, la dématérialisation du contexte propre à ces environnements complexifie de manière exponentielle sa compréhension, multipliant les risques de malentendus, de décalages, d’incompréhension. Les personnes qui communiquent n’étant pas physiquement présentes l’une à (...) l’autre, leur rencontre s’effectue et se matérialise _via_ un texte. La textualité devient dès lors un nouveau mode de rencontre, dont le texte est le lieu. Le fait que nous imaginions la communication comme si elle était instantanée développe une compréhension textuelle du message, dans l’instant où nous le lisons, qui est propre à la réception. Tous ces échanges reposent sur un... (shrink)

In this collection of essays Béatrice Longuenesse considers the three aspects of Kant's philosophy, his epistemology and metaphysics of nature, his moral philosophy and his aesthetic theory, under one unifying standpoint: Kant's conception of our capacity to form judgements. She argues that the elements which make up our cognitive access to the world - what Kant calls the 'human point of view' - have an equally important role to play in our moral evaluations and our aesthetic judgements. Her discussion ranges (...) over Kant's account of our representations of space and time, his conception of the logical forms of judgements, sufficient reason, causality, community, God, freedom, morality, and beauty in nature and art. Her book will appeal to all who are interested in Kant and his thought. (shrink)

The portrayal of sexuality in folktale course-books that are prescribed for secondary school learners in Zimbabwe is indeed a cause for concern. Not much attention, if any, has been given to exploring the portrayal of ‘sexuality’ especially in ChiShona prescribed course-books. This article qualitatively explored through content and discourse analysis the portrayal of ‘sexuality’ in folktales prescribed course-books based on an Afrocentric perspective of Unhu and Ubuntu. The study sought to determine whether course-books are an asset or a liability for (...) the socialisation of learners of both genders especially at the critical adolescence stage of development. This undertaking assessed gender attributes, norms, values, and behaviour patterns proffered in school course-books. The examination of the ‘sexuality’ portrayed in these course-books was based on the assumption that education is value-laden. The gender value inherent in these course-books being a vaccine for the social ills like gender inequalities bedevilling Shona communities. The major finding was that the portrayal of ‘sexuality’ in the course-books analysed in this study shows that they are more of a liability. The article recommended a gender discourse that evaluates and critically analyses the gender portrayals in the course-books to avoid losing the gender equality milestones achieved so far in Zimbabwe.Contribution: The study examined sexuality sensibilities secondary school learners are exposed to through the authority of folktale prescribed course-books: Hodza’s (1983) Ngano Dzamatambidzanwa and Fortune’s (ed. 1983) Ngano Volume 4. It adopted the Afrocentric perspective of Unhu and Ubuntu to assess the impact of these instructional materials on the learners’ socialisation processes. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Musik–Vielfalt–Integration–Inklusion: Musikdidaktik für die eine Schule [Music–Diversity–Inclusion–Integration: A New Philosophy of Music Education for an Inclusive School] by Irmgard MerktBeatrice McNamaraIrmgard Merkt, Musik–Vielfalt–Integration–Inklusion: Musikdidaktik für die eine Schule [Music–Diversity–Inclusion–Integration: A New Philosophy of Music Education for an Inclusive School] (Regensburg: Conbrio, 2019)Irmgard Merkt, a German music education scholar, is a pioneer of intercultural music education with regard to the development of the concept Schnittstellensansatz, literally “interface approach,” as (...) an initial concept of intercultural music education in the 1980s. Her book Musik–Vielfalt–Integration–Inklusion: Musikdidaktik für die eine Schule [Music–Diversity–Inclusion–Integration: A New Philosophy of Music Education for an Inclusive School] is a new philosophy of music education for schools, in which children and young people with and without disabilities as well as children and young people from the most diverse milieus and cultural backgrounds share a learning space.1 Merkt advocates for a broad concept of inclusion that refers both to the inclusion of children with different skills and abilities on a physiological and psychological level along with the integration of pupils from different cultures of origin. The overriding goal for the author is recategorization,2 which makes the terms “common school,” “school for all” or “inclusive music instruction” obsolete and which allows pupils to attend a kind of school and a kind of music education [End Page 187] that is inherently inclusive. Merkt even goes as far as promoting the dissolution of subject-specific margins of music education and establishing an omnipresence of music in everyday school life instead.3 However, I think it should be pointed out that completely dissolving or dismissing music education into interdisciplinarity or integrating music education into subject groups such as Aesthetic Education,4 would be compliant with attempts made on the level of educational policy in order to reduce the quantity of qualified music teaching within the curriculum.5 Nevertheless, Merkt’s critique of the German school system is nothing short of appropriate in view of the prevalent system-immanent character of exclusion as the recent Programme for International Student Assessment-report of 2018 reveals.6 Furthermore, it is essential to draw conclusions as to the extent to which music instruction can do justice to the diversity of the student body, both on an integrative and on an inclusive level.The first chapter of Musik–Vielfalt–Integration–Inklusion offers an overview of past and present viewpoints on the topic of inclusion. Ensuing, the second chapter outlines the evolution of music education and teacher training in view of students with special needs. Chapter Three focuses on integration, Chapter Four traces the lines of development in the field of intercultural music pedagogy, while in Chapter Five Merkt advocates an encompassing culture of recognition in which educators, learners, and different music cultures are acknowledged to an equal extent. In Chapter Six the author delves into the very beginning of music and its coincidence with the evolution of humanity from homo sapiens to homo musicus through the lens of science and musicology. The seventh chapter of the book constitutes a synopsis of the main ideas which are then amalgamated into the concept of “Mit einer Frage um die Welt” [around the world with one question].A key tenet of Merkt’s publication is decategorization. The term inclusion, going back to its Latin origin of inclusio or includere is bound to the existence of its antonym exclusion. Despite endeavors nowdays to reverse the term’s meaning from reclusion to all-embracing,7 efforts to establish inclusion would not be necessary without exclusionary preconditions. On a terminological level, the expression inclusion implicates that there is an existing dualism between an inclusive or enclosed in-group and an exclusive or excluded out-group. This close and inextricable linkage between the existence of inclusion and exclusion, shows the importance of Merkt’s endeavor of highlighting efforts and development of decategorization, both on a terminological and legislative level, as well as on the ideological level. She is portraying concepts of thinking and acting in view of disability as a recurring process of progression and regression in reference to exclusionary... (shrink)

Aristotle explicitly speaks of intelligible matter in three passages only, all from the Metaphysics, in the context of the analysis of definition as the formula that expresses the essence: Metaph. Z10, 1036 a8-11; Metaph.Z11, 1037 a5; Metaph.H6, 1045 a34-36 and 45 b1. In the case of the occurrences of Z10 and Z11, there is almost unanimous consensus that Aristotle uses the expression in a technical way, to indicate the matter of that particular type of objects that are intelligible compounds, of (...) which mathematical objects are paradigmatic instances. By contrast, there is no agreement on how to understand the expression in the case of H6. Here, ‘intelligible matter’ would denote, as stated by some interpreters, the generic element of the definition. The aim of this paper is to show that ὕλη νοητή has the same technical meaning in all the three explicit occurrences in the Metaphisics. Contrary to the interpretation that there is a shift in meaning from Z10-11 to H6, my goal is to illustrate that in both contexts, Aristotle uses the expression ‘intelligible matter’ to designate the matter of mathematical objects insofar as they are paradigmatic intelligible compounds. (shrink)