Our work aimed to study the relationships between different dimensions of school climate, moral disengagement, empathy, and bullying behaviors (perpetration and victimization). The study sample consisted of 629 students (304 boys and 325 girls) aged 12–14 years (M= 12.55,SD= 0.67). Results showed how different dimensions of school climate predicted moral disengagement, empathy, and victimization, and these, in turn, predicted bullying perpetration. The results show the need to generate favorable educational environments to reduce the levels of moral disengagement and victimization and (...) to increase empathy in students as a strategy to prevent negative consequences related to bullying. (shrink)

The automatic prediction of court case judgments using Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing is challenged by the variety of norms and regulations, the inherent complexity of the forensic language, and the length of legal judgments. Although state-of-the-art transformer-based architectures and Large Language Models (LLMs) are pre-trained on large-scale datasets, the underlying model reasoning is not transparent to the legal expert. This paper jointly addresses court judgment prediction and explanation by not only predicting the judgment but also providing legal experts (...) with sentence-based explanations. To boost the performance of both tasks we leverage a legal named entity recognition step, which automatically annotates documents with meaningful domain-specific entity tags and masks the corresponding fine-grained descriptions. In such a way, transformer-based architectures and Large Language Models can attend to in-domain entity-related information in the inference process while neglecting irrelevant details. Furthermore, the explainer can boost the relevance of entity-enriched sentences while limiting the diffusion of potentially sensitive information. We also explore the use of in-context learning and lightweight fine-tuning to tailor LLMs to the legal language style and the downstream prediction and explanation tasks. The results obtained on a benchmark dataset from the Indian judicial system show the superior performance of entity-aware approaches to both judgment prediction and explanation. (shrink)

This article discusses the imbrication of racialising and sexualising scientific practices of gender testing and verification in elite athletics competition, and their intersection with social politics, using as a theoretical frame the feminist, anti-racist work of Hortense Spillers (2003), Judith Butler (1990, 1993a, 1993b, 2004) and Anne Fausto-Sterling (2000), among others. It traces the practice of sex-gender testing of ‘women’ at sanctioned International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and International Olympic Committee (IOC) track and field competitions in order to contextualise (...) South African middle-distance runner Caster Semenya’s experiences at the 2009 Berlin World Championships and the subsequent spectacularisation of her body through the discursive practices of representation. (shrink)

Progressive supranuclear palsy is a movement disorder with prominent tau neuropathology. Brain diseases with abnormal tau deposits are called tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease. Environmental causes of tauopathies include repetitive head trauma associated with some sports. To identify common genetic variation contributing to risk for tauopathies, we carried out a genome-wide association study of 1,114 individuals with PSP and 3,247 controls followed by a second stage in which we genotyped 1,051 cases and 3,560 controls for the (...) stage 1 SNPs that yielded P ≤ 10-3. We found significant previously unidentified signals associated with PSP risk at STX6, EIF2AK3 and MOBP. We confirmed two independent variants in MAPT affecting risk for PSP, one of which influences MAPT brain expression. The genes implicated encode proteins for vesicle-membrane fusion at the Golgi-endosomal interface, for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and for a myelin structural component. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)

Traducción y notas de Alexander Fidora y Jordi Pardo Pastor . Nuestra traducción sigue el texto latino de Alexander Fidora y Andreas Niederberger, Von Bagdad nach Toledo ? "Das Buch der Ursachen" und seine Rezeption fin Mittelalter. Mainz, Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2001, donde se ofrece una nueva edición del texto latino presentado en su día por Adriaan Pattin revisándolo teniendo en cuenta las importantes sugerencias del arabista Richard Taylor . Éstas, a su vez, resultan, en su mayoría. del cotejo del importante (...) manuscrito latino de Aosta, Seminario Maggiore. Ai° D 20.Como las dos recientes traducciones castellanas del Liber de cau sis tan sólo tienen en cuenta el texto de Pattin, y parecen desconocer las propuestas de Taylon hemos creído conveniente publicar esta tercera traducción, señalando los cambios más importantes respecto a la edición de Pattin siempre y cuando éstos afecten a la traducción. Además, hay que advertir que ambas traducciones dividen el texto del Liber en 219 sentencias; sin embargo. esta división es una ficción editora introducida por Celsao Pera en su edición de la Sancti Thomae de Aquino In Librum de causis expositio, Roma. 1955, que no tiene ningún fundamento en los manuscritos. A pesar de que esta división pueda parecer "pedagógica", como afirma Cruz Cruz en su traducción citada, p. 26, n. 29, prescindimos de ella, ya que sugiere que el texto sigue una lógica puramente axiomática. mientras que su argumentación es harto más compleja. Con todo, ambas traducciones siguen siendo muy útiles y de alta calidad. y también han sido consultadas con gran provecho para esta versión.El texto latino conduce a una aparente paradoja, ya que constata que la causa sigue su efecto . Se trata aquí de un problema de la traducción latina de Gerardo de Cremona quien vierte el término árabe waliya por sequitur, en vez de "estar junto" o "cerca de". Lo que el texto original quiere expresar, por consiguiente, es que la causa acompaña su efecto, no que ésta le siga. No hace falta, pues, cambiar el pronombre ipsum por ipsam? como ha hecho Pattin, refiriéndolo así a la primera causa. (shrink)

The amount of information that is produced on a daily basis in the financial markets is vast and complex; consequently, the development of systems that simplify decision-making is an essential endeavor. In this article, several intelligent systems are proposed and tested to predict the closing price of the IBEX 35 index using more than ten years of historical data and five distinct architectures for neural networks. A multi-layer perceptron was the first step, followed by a simple recurrent neural network, a (...) gated recurrent unit network and two long-short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The results of the analyses performed on these models have demonstrated a powerful capacity for prediction. Additionally, the findings of this research point to the fact that the application of intelligent systems can simplify the decision-making process in financial markets, which is a substantial advantage. Furthermore, by comparing the predicted outcome errors between the models, the LSTM presents the lowest error with a higher computational time in the training phase. The LSTM was able to accurately forecast the closing price of the day as well as the price for the following one and two days in advance. In conclusion, the empirical results demonstrated that these models could accurately predict financial data for trading purposes and that the application of intelligent systems, such as the LSTM network, represents a promising advancement in financial technology. (shrink)

The Cold War, extended from the popularization of its name in 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, functioned a bipolar order in which the White House and the Kremlin set the pace of events. In accordance with the decentralization of the axis of the shock [1], both superpowers chose to avoid direct confrontation and based their strategy on a kind of tactical movements carried out by third parties. The direct consequence was the creation of a breeding (...) ground in developing countries, victims of the competitiveness of both executives and in the specific case of Latin America, in a succession of political disorders that alternated the birth of revolutionary movements and the imposition of military dictatorships. (shrink)

L'oeuvre Teologías deicidas, de Horacio Bojorge, a le mérite de faire un bilan critique de la pensée de J.L. Segundo appuyée sur une documentation aussi large que choisie. En ce qui concerne l'Informe critique de ses écrits plus importants, sa méthode et son contenu, elle rend largement actuelle la littérature critique relative au théologien uruguayen. Mais, en Teorema, où on cherche argumenta probantia d'un prétendu rationalisme de J.L. Segundo, il devient difficile de la suivre car elle offre en plusieurs points (...) importants une idée insuffisante de la systématique et de la théologie fondamentale. L'Auteur est un exégète compétent, mais son information dépend de quelques prémisses insuffisamment fondées. Ses réflexions au sujet de la pensée de J.L. Segundo peuvent aider à voir plus clairement certains aspects encore confus du débat, et pour cela il peut être utile de le suivre sur plus d'un point. Mais, son insinuation, ou sa suspicion, au titre d'un jugement de fond au sujet de Segundo, sont excessives. Ses erreurs peuvent être de nature logique, philosophique et théologique, mais cela ne l'autorise pas à la considération de sa pensée comme hérétique formaliter. En plus, sa critique s'appuie sur des conclusions difficilement démontrables, par exemple que l'Apologétique, ou théologie fondamentale, ne soit pas théologie ou que J.L. Segundo durcisse autour d'un paradigme de subordination de la foi à la raison critique. Il semble plus probable. (shrink)

This study analyzes the meaning of the first article of faith: In the biblical message the unique and true God appears as the ultimate principle of all realities, as the object of the religious sense of all people, as the 'deus ignotus', creator of the universe and provident father of the human race, who, as the 'deus revelatus' manifests himself as the God of Israel, Lord of the covenant and Father of Jesus . Taking into account the Gospel message on (...) the all-powerful God as loving Father, the article studies the theological tradition of the Church, the symbol of whose faith begins with the words: Credo in unum Deum Patrem omnipotentem. God the Father emerges, in the affirmation of Denys of Rome, in the Symbol of the Apostles, in the faith of Nicea and in other documents of Church tradition, as the absolute and infinite reality, transcendant and personal, 'ingenitus aeternus', Principle without principle of the intrinsic divine life and of the history of salvation. The Church language, denying gnostic dualism, identifies the creator God of the old covenant with the merciful Father of the new salvific dispensation. Against patripatian Sabellianism the tradition affirms the distinction between the 'Pater ingenitus' and the only begotten Son. In order to overcome the challenges of modernity and the loss of consciousness regarding the difference between Creator and creature, the Councils of Vatican I and II remain faithful to the 'regula fide. (shrink)

L'étude aborde la question de la méthode théologique, en considérant sa nature et sa typologie, ses possibilités et ses limites, ainsi que les conditions de sa légitimité devant les instances du «depositum fidei». On attribue une importance spéciale à la tension de fond entre l'usage de la méthode kérygmatique et de la méthode dialogale dans la théologie du passé, mais surtout dans le débat actuel, spécialement entre divers courants de la théologie de la transcendance, telles les «théologies de la parole» (...) et la «méthode de corrélation», ou encore entre les «théologies du mystère» et la «méthode transcendantale». Pareille tension s'aggrave dans les «théologies de l'immanence», telles les théologies de la «mort de Dieu» ou les «théologies de l'histoire», ou entre les «théologies de la modernité» et certaines «théologies de la praxis». A la fin de ce panorama du pluralisme méthodologique actuel, on formule certains principes fondamentaux sur le problème débattu. Finalement, on considère le caractère obligatoire du «depositum fidei» comme instance théologique définitive. (shrink)

Fruit of the peculiar methodology of the Llull' system philosophical, and jointly with their evangelising mission, the demonstratio per aequiparantiam is erected as the definitive tool to combine Philosophy and Theology, Reason and Faith, indispensable elements to end up knowing the divine essence. With everything, this knowledge, according to Llull, it cannot only be carried out by means of Faith or Reason for themselves, but, rather, for reason of a comparison of both disciplines. In such a way, by means of (...) a demonstration that is defined in comparative terms, the man can end up understanding superior entities to his intellect -such as the divine one-, because a correspondence settles down among same elements. (shrink)

La originalidad del sistema luliano de no argumentar mediante autoridades incluye en dicha perspectiva la Biblia, pues en la Edad Media cristiana la autoridad más importante proviene de las sagradas escrituras. En este punto de vista, Ramon Llulí adopta una peculiar visión respecto a la Biblia: si el Ars luliana es un sistema que va más allá de la Biblia, la Biblia es uno de los argumentos para ir más allá de Ella misma. En este caso; la Biblia y, especialmente, (...) algunas citas bíblicas son la estructura básica del concepto apostólico del sistema luliano. (shrink)

La «question de l'Inconditionné» est développée par Paul Tillich dans une Religionsphilosophie pensée comme Logique de la raison religieuse et comme Théorie du sens, dans une perspective théonome. La présente étude analyse le projet du premier Tillich, après l'avoir situé en relation au paradigme de la Modernité. Tillich mène un double combat, face à l'«hybris religieuse» de l'hétéronomie et à l'«hybris culturelle» de la pure autonomie. Partant de la tension fondamentale entre identité mystique et différence éthique, le projet de Tillich (...) souligne l'aspect paradoxal et dialectique de la religion, son vouloir d'atteindre le contenu inconditionné à travers des formes conditionnées, sa résistance à être pur objet et concept d'une science. Dépassant le paradigme de la Modernité, Tillich construit une Philosophie de la Religion située dans le système des sciences, mais non fondée sur le conditionné, mais au contraire sur l'Inconditionné. Les éléments et catégories du religieux sont soumis à l'analyse à travers un processus méthodologique complexe, critique et dialectique, intuitif et vital; est ainsi formulée l'unité de sens entre le fondé, le fondant et le fondement ultime qui soutient tout. La dialectique du sacré et du profane, du divin et du démoniaque, de la foi et de l'incrédulité, de Dieu et du monde, est éclairée dans la perspective théonome; d'où est surpassée la pure autonomie, en lutte avec l'hétéronomie religieus. (shrink)

The study of the human nature in Ramon Llull is fundamental because it works to show the divine magnificence and, thanks to the dignitates dei, to demonstrate that the Trinity is necessary, because if don´t God would be a passive being and that is impossible. This demonstration possesses apologetic features, because in Llull everything rotates around the infidel’s conversion.

Desgraciadamente, las amenazas a la infancia son muy numerosas y son muchos los menores de edad que mueren por un sinfín de causas o sufren condiciones de vida que les colocan en situación de grave riesgo familiar y psicosocial.

The article investigates the language of the faith of the Church on the mystery of God. It analyzes its origin and typology, its specificity and ecclesial meaning, its ecumenical relevance, its logical coherence and its theological actuality. It follows the definitions and declarations of the Magisterium while placing the doctrine within the bi-millennial history of Trinitarian theology. The study underlines the importance for the unity of the Church of the formulation of the faith which in adoring the inseparable Trinity proclaims (...) the Holy Monarchy - origin of the divine life and of the sacramental economy - of the eternal, unbegotten Father, principle of the whole deity. After having followed the efforts made by the first apologists to sketch out the language of the ineffable mystery, and the various models of trinitarian language, the study exposes the language used by the councils in East and West: Nicea I and II, Constantinople I to III, Lateran I to IV, Lyons II to Florence, Vatican I to II, so as better to formulate the principles which articulate the rule of faith of the Church. The logic of the ecclesial language is resumed in propositions concerned with the main affirmations of faith and the proclamation of the mystery. The first propositions treat the knowability of the mystery, the possibility of its verification and the dialectic of its language. The main propositions refer to the three divine hypostases, Father, Son and Spirit, in the economy of salvation and in. (shrink)

The reference to a novum sidus in Quintus Curtius’ book 10, commonly applied to the comet seen at the end of Nero’s reign, could be related to Claudius as well. Both Claudius and Caligula were named “star”, and they sought to appear as the beginners of a new cycle in the history of Rome. Claudius’ ludi saeculares allegedly meant the starting point of a new time for Rome. Other facets of Claudius’ censorship, as the enlargement of the pomerium or the (...) Emperor’s assumption of the title pater patriae, could be interpreted in a similar sense. Likewise, Caligula’s death may have been understood as the end of a period in the history of Rome. Thus, Curtius’ “new star” could be applied to Claudius, and not necessarily to Vespasian. (shrink)

Based on the analysis of primary documentation from interrogation manuals from both the United States and the countries of the South American cone -Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile-, as well as reports issued by the different countries, the aim of the article is to analyse the common patterns in the detention and torture process suffered by guerrillas and insurgents belonging to violent organisations. We also seek to highlight the importance of the US model and the mutual influences between the dictatorships (...) that developed in these Latin American countries in the 1960s and 1970s, and to draw a comparative line in the methodology used by the police and military forces. (shrink)