Este artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar as ideias do senso comum de jovens brasileiros e franceses acerca das relações entre justiça e injustiça. Para tanto, utilizou-se o conceito de tematas. As tematas são concebidas como fatores organizadores de conjuntos temáticos de diferentes repres..

This article aims to analyze the effect of the combination of the variables - victim characteristics, observer sex, Belief in a Just World, and ambivalent sexism - on sexual violence victim blaming. Three studies were conducted with university students, who were asked to answer some items on victim blaming, Belief in a Just World, and Ambivalent Sexism. The ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses have shown that the combination of these variables resulted in higher black and counter-normative victim blaming. The results confirmed (...) that victim skin color, victim normativity, and the observer sex influence victim blaming for sexual violence ; that bjw predicts the attribution of the victim’s accountability for sexual violence, and that only benevolent sexism, together with bjw, was responsible for predicting victim blaming for sexual violence. (shrink)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da saúde de um centro de reabilitação e readaptação, relacionando-o com a crença no mundo justo e com o lócus de controle. Participaram 146 profissionais que responderam a um questionário formado por perguntas sobre dados sócio-demog..

María Zambrano efetua uma abordagem do sonho enquanto fenómeno que acontece não apenas no sono, mas também na vigília. Um sonho decifrado, em termos da compreensão do fenómeno, é um sonho criador, um sonhar bem, um estado que toca a eternidade por transcender o tempo. Num momento da sua vida, Zambrano observava silenciosamente as ruínas do Fórum Romano e decifrou o sonho, compreendendo subitamente como as ruínas metaforizavam o humano. O ser humano é aquele que procura edificar os seus sonhos (...) e transcender o acabamento, fundindo-se com a natureza (o que é simbolizado pela hera que invade as ruínas). (shrink)

Paul Ricoeur considera o caráter voluntário e involuntário da essência da atenção: a duração. Alongando a fenomenologia da vontade à seletividade da atenção, é percetível um atender involuntário, pela factualidade de um corpo e pela existência de motivos subjacentes que motivam o querer, e um voluntário na decisão de atender. Ricoeur identifica um não-ser específico da vontade, aproximando-se da ontologia a partir deste não-ser. Sem extrair a essência do conceito de atenção, também a atenção apresenta um estatuto ontológico, sendo compreendida (...) por Ricoeur como uma grande recetividade, o que vai ao encontro do conceito de atenção plena de Allan Wallace. (shrink)

RESUMOO artigo discute o papel da música no trabalho, considerando a atividade musical como uma prática discursiva intersemiótica. Para ser capaz de examinar o tema tanto do ponto de vista da música quanto do trabalho, colocados juntos pelo discurso, a abordagem utilizada é interdisciplinar, composta por análise do discurso, etnomusicologia e ergologia. Primeiramente as fronteiras do conceito tradicional de cantos de trabalho são expandidas através da análise de dois exemplos pouco convencionais: uma peça publicitária e uma embalagem de produto. A (...) partir desse viés expandido, o artigo explora cantos de duas comunidades brasileiras, da Bahia e do Maranhão, que cantam enquanto trabalham em atividades agrícolas e extrativistas. A conclusão ressalta que a relação entre música e trabalho ultrapassa em muito a abordagem estreita dos cantos de trabalho. Para compreendê-la, é preciso levar em conta as renormalizações postas em jogo e as comunidades discursivas implicadas por estas práticas discursivas complexas.ABSTRACTThis article discusses the role of music in work activities by considering music an intersemiotic discursive practice. It uses an interdisciplinary approach composed of discourse analysis, ethonomusicology and ergology in order to be able to examine the topic including music and work factors, put together by discourse. Firstly, the boundaries of traditional work songs are expanded through two unconventional examples: one in an advertisement, and the other one in a product packaging. Then through that expanded framework, it explores examples of two Brazilian communities, one from Bahia and the other one from Maranhão that sing while they work in extractivist and agricultural activities. The conclusion points out that the relationship between music and work far surpasses the traditional framing of work songs. To better understand the role of music in the discourse of work activities, scholars need to take into account the renormalization which is brought into play and the discursive communities concerned by those complex discursive practices. (shrink)

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine. The patients underwent twelve mindfulness sessions paired with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with current intensity of 2 mA applied for 20 (...) min, three times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, 20 min of mindfulness home practices were performed by guided meditation audio files. A total of 30 participants were evaluated after the treatment, and these were subdivided into two groups—active tDCS and sham tDCS, both set to mindfulness practice. The FFMQ-BR, MIDAS, and HIT-6 questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcomes. After the treatment, the active mindfulness and tDCS group showed better results in all outcomes. The sham group also showed improvements, but with smaller effect sizes compared to the active group. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was the outcome evaluated by HIT-6 in the post treatment result. Our results provide the first therapeutic evidence of mindfulness practices associated with left DLPFC anodal tDCS with a consequent increase in the level of full attention and analgesic benefits in the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic migraine. (shrink)

El proyecto transhumanista de mejoramiento humano viene proponiendo ya desde hace tiempo una superación de los límites humanos que nos permita convertirnos en una nueva especie. A pesar de que dicha posibilidad es todavía lejana en la práctica, las hipótesis han invadido la ciencia ficción y están generando la imagen colectiva de lo que se considera posible o, incluso, deseable. Al mismo tiempo en la ciencia ficción esos desarrollos artificiales se llevan hasta sus últimos límites y se ponen en cuestión. (...) En el presente estudio se revisan las tensiones en relación con el posthumanismo que aparecen en la serie de ficción Westworld. En concreto, el artículo estudia cómo se desarrolla en ella el concepto de identidad, uno de los que más están cambiando en nuestra época. El análisis revela la necesidad de abordarlo desde un punto de vista complejo, en el que se dé una importancia especial a la vivencia personal, tanto desde el punto de vista corporal como psicológico para el despertar de la conciencia. A su vez, dichos elementos se mostrarán esenciales para comprender la propuesta de identidad narrativa que subyace en la serie. Por todo ello, los planteamientos de Westworld suponen una interesante reflexión sobre cómo se concibe la identidad hoy en día. (shrink)

Brazil has one of the highest levels of economic disparity in the world. The educational system plays a large role in this reality, acting as a mechanism of social exclusion. Neoliberalism has resulted in the commodification of education, empowering private schools while undermining the public system. This has created a vicious cycle, whereby educational inequality reflects and reinforces social inequality. Such a system violates the rights of children not lucky enough to be born into wealth – the right to equal (...) education; to equal opportunity; and equal treatment. From within this context, we propose a model, dubbed The Eagle’s Flight, for psychological intervention in public schools. This will form an extension of our research group’s Psychosocial Assessment and Intervention – Prevention, Community and Liberation, which has been an on-going project for the past fourteen years. The intervention model advocates monitoring child development from a critical, social and historical perspective, focusing on how school and community affect everyday life. The analysis will be carried out via the daily immersion of psychologists in the public school setting, who pay attention to key aspects which include various expressions of violence, financial difficulties related to unemployment, informal employment or drug dealing, poor access to health services, and the developmental impact of factors such as poverty. Based on Paulo Freire's Emancipatory Education Proposal and Ignacio Martín-Baró’s Liberation Psychology, intervention in school and community must be an interdisciplinary procedure, employing professionals from a range of disciplines involved in the study of child development. The various subjects’ perspectives seek to provide support for everyday problems and solutions, whilst breaking down the hegemonic model of psychological practice that considers the child and family as responsible for their problems. A concrete example of this critical psychosocial intervention model is presented. (shrink)

This article aims to discuss the contemporary activities and roles that scientific associations play in science and society. It is based on a comprehensive study of scientific associations in Portugal, relying on a multi-method, quantitative and qualitative approach. After a brief review of the literature on associations in the social studies of science, we provide an outline of the expanding field of scientific associations in Portugal. We then proceed to present and discuss the five main roles of associations identified through (...) the research: communication among peers, promotion of research, science dissemination, representation of professional interests and policy advice. We conclude that the external roles of associations have become more important than the internal ones. Whereas the internationalisation of science has moved the communication, collaboration and competition between researchers into the transnational sphere, the links that associations forge between science and other social spheres are still deeply rooted in national settings and much dependant on specific configurations and practices by government, business and other social actors. (shrink)

The study investigated the influence of resilience and dispositional optimism on, first, emotional distress and, second, the intention to self-isolate, experienced by people with a lower and higher illness risk, during the lockdown imposed in Spain during the first COVID-19 wave. These effects were investigated against the background of the Health Belief Model. A convenience sample of N = 325 participants completed an online survey including an ad-hoc questionnaire measuring the HBM core factors: Perceived health threat, and perceived quarantine benefits (...) and costs. Self-efficacy and perceived social pressure were also measured. Based on reviews regarding pandemic outbreaks, quarantine benefits were conceptualized as the perceived effectiveness and solidary contribution of self-isolating in line with the quarantine protocols. Quarantine “psychosocial” costs were conceptualized as a composite of perceived boredom, loneliness, and economic concerns. Findings revealed an asymmetrical pattern of results so that people at higher risk were more distressed by the perceived severity of getting infected whereas people at lower risk were more distressed by the psychosocial costs. Moreover, resilience and optimism were more “protective” against distress within the lower and higher risk groups, respectively. In addition, quarantine benefits and self-efficacy promoted the intention to self-isolate within both groups. However, optimism hindered such intention. This finding is discussed in the light of links between dispositional optimism and optimistic bias; the underestimation of experiencing negative events, which can relax the perceived health risk. Based on these findings, communication campaigns should prioritize information about the effectiveness of the implemented preventive behaviors rather than the costs of not implementing them, and be cautionary in encouraging excessive optimism. (shrink)

Este trabalho toma como disparador duas situações de sala de aula em que se questiona se a imaginação como gênero do conhecimento constitui uma ameaça ou uma possibilidade potencial do desenvolvimento humano. Para tanto, estudamos o prefácio e os dois primeiros capítulos do Tratado Teológico Político, o Tratado da Reforma da Inteligência, e a Ética de Espinosa. Nesse sentido buscamos compreender as possíveis repercussões do estudo do conceito espinosano de imaginação no âmbito educacional contemporâneo.

Investigaciones recientes sobre la Ilustración escocesa han dirigido nuestra atención a la conexión entre filosofía moral y el surgimiento de las ciencias sociales en este periodo. Como testigos privilegiados del proceso de modernización, los filósofos escoceses desarrollaron un enfoque original de los problemas morales, planteando, entre tanto, cuestiones de orden epistemológico que son cruciales para entender el posterior desarrollo de la sociología. En la base de esas cuestiones epistemológicas se encuentra la referencia a la razón práctica que da título de (...) este volumen. (shrink)

Apresentação do Dossiê: "ATIVISMO NEGRO E JUSTIÇA RACIAL: produções teóricas e de pesquisa no campo da etnicidade, interseccionalidade e diversidade sexual".

The present essay inserts itself in a more ambitious project, wich aim is to elucidate the empiricist commitments of the more influential twentieth century philosophers of science, including those, like Popper, who presented themselves as critics of empiricism. Such an elucidation might contribut..

The article that is presented has as its main object to be a crossing between the notions of common good and individual good. Thus, it was intended to develop the explanation of the historical-philosophical path, from where the passage and interposition between the ethical conceptions of common and individual goods took place; with regard, likewise, to the passage between Greek antiquity and Hellenic world. Therefore, the present writing will deal with the presentation of a general panorama of theoretical transposition and (...) political conception, when in the emergence of the design architected by certain philosophers who prove to be fundamental to the ancient and Hellenic political question. Namely: Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Zeno of Citium and Pyrrhus. Founding thinkers of the understanding of what politics is, in a timeless way; for this reason, they themselves are the arche and starting point of any investigation of what is determined as a human ethos, inserted in this nascent and current perspective that we call the search for an ego-good. (shrink)

BackgroundSafeguarding the right to die according to the principles of autonomy and freedom of each person has become more important in the last decade, therefore increasing regulation of Euthanasi...

Dias de Nietzsche em Turim de Bressane / Dias / Miguel Angel de Barrenechea -- A atopia potente de Antonio das Mortes: pensamento original e perspectiva histórica / Rodrigo Guéron -- Dioniso é Brasileiro? / Selda Engelman -- Theatrum Mundi: Filosofia e canção / Olgária Chaim Matos -- Uma filosofia do amor em Cartola / Rosa Dias -- Música e diferença: uma crítica à escuta "desinteressada" do cotidiano / Samuel Araújo -- As estruturas dualísticas dos cantos ritualísticos dos Índios Karajá: (...) um reflexão sob a ótica filosófica de fundamentação nietzchiana / Suely Brígido -- Choque de intensidade na ética / Luiz B.L. Orlandi -- Por um filosofia artístico-rizomática da leitura / Daniel Lins -- Nietzsche, a negatividade e a antropofagia: do Cordeiro e da Ave da Rapina ao Jabuti / Maria Cristina Franco Ferraz -- Entre o teatro e a loucura: uma experiência de "esquizocenia" / Peter Pál Pelbart --. (shrink)

El artículo analiza la incidencia política como herramienta eficaz de la sociedad civil sobre la implementación de políticas públicas, analizándolo en particular en la educación. Postula cómo entender esa incidencia y se pregunta quiénes deben incidir. Afirma que la incidencia en las políticas educativas no tiene a la fecha demasiados casos exitosos que contar, y que una agenda amplia y renovada como la propuesta aquí, pensada desde la complejidad del cambio educativo, implicaría aportes importantes en los modos de pensar y (...) hacer incidencia política en pro del derecho a la educación. (shrink)

Los autores analizan distintas posturas frente al ‘hecho’ religioso. Plantean la posibilidad de abordarlo por dos caminos distintos, ubicando su estudio en el cruce de ambos para sustentar desde ahí la viabilidad de tal hecho como objeto de estudio de múltiples disciplinas. Al tomar la ruta psicológica exponen las teorías de Freud y de Jung, concluyendo que éste último proporciona más elementos para observar los efectos benéficos de la religión respecto a la salud mental.

Gender discrimination continues to be a problem in organizations. It is therefore important that organizations use performance evaluation methods that ensure equal opportunities for men and women. This article reports the results of an experiment to investigate whether and, if so, how the gender of the rater and that of the ratee moderate the relationship between the level of subjectivity in performance appraisals and organizational attractiveness. Participants in the experiment were 313 undergraduate students. We predicted, and indeed established, that as (...) the probability increases that employee performance is evaluated by a female manager, women expect more positive outcomes of subjective, but not objective evaluation processes. Our data did not support our expectation that as the probability of being evaluated by a female manager increases, men expect less positive outcomes of subjective evaluation processes. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of why women are over-represented in jobs with objective formula-based reward systems, such as piece-rate systems. They are also of interest to organizations that are looking for more ethical human resource management practices. (shrink)

BackgroundTraumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) causes a sensorimotor deficit in upper limb (UL) movements.ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate the arm–forearm coordination of both the injured and uninjured UL of TBPI subjects.MethodsTBPI participants (n = 13) and controls (n = 10) matched in age, gender, and anthropometric characteristics were recruited. Kinematics from the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and index finger markers were collected, while upstanding participants transported a cup to their mouth and returned the UL to a starting position. The UL coordination (...) was measured through the relative phase (RP) between arm and forearm phase angles and analyzed as a function of the hand kinematics.ResultsFor all participants, the hand transport had a shorter time to peak velocity (p < 0.01) compared to the return. Also, for the control and the uninjured TBPI UL, the RP showed a coordination pattern that favored forearm movements in the peak velocity of the transport phase (p < 0.001). TBPI participants' injured UL showed a longer movement duration in comparison to controls (p < 0.05), but no differences in peak velocity, time to peak velocity, and trajectory length, indicating preserved hand kinematics. The RP of the injured UL revealed altered coordination in favor of arm movements compared to controls and the uninjured UL (p < 0.001). Finally, TBPI participants' uninjured UL showed altered control of arm and forearm phase angles during the deceleration of hand movements compared to controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that UL coordination is reorganized after a TBPI so as to preserve hand kinematics. (shrink)

O presente artigo analisa a experiência brasileira da secularização, observando o modo como, nas páginas da imprensa católica publicada na segunda metade do século XIX, o religioso e o secular se articularam de diferentes maneiras e se modelaram reciprocamente. Como argumento central, sustenta que a difusão das formas impressas, considerada uma das principais condições históricas associadas ao advento da modernidade ocidental, foi também responsável, no contexto analisado, pela veiculação dos referenciais associados ao catolicismo romanizado e a uma Igreja independente do (...) regalismo imperial. Na sua defesa, clérigos e leigos de tendência ultramontana fizeram uso de diversos atores e instrumentos, dentre os quais a imprensa periódica. Desse modo, partindo do pressuposto teórico de que as identidades são portadoras de uma dimensão relacional e política, no âmbito da qual os conflitos sociais se traduzem em disputas discursivas, o artigo elege como fonte privilegiada o periódico O Apóstolo, semanário católico editado no Rio de Janeiro entre 1866 e 1891 e um dos principais porta-vozes dos ideais e projetos ultramontanos. Mediante a análise de seus conteúdos discursivos, espera-se identificar alguns dos seus principais sentidos de alteridade -associados aos supostos “erros da modernidade” -, bem como uma identificação positiva atrelada às diretrizes emanadas da Santa Sé. (shrink)