In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators from the point of view of Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector. We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case where one oscillator is initially in its first excited state (a single photon) reaching the other oscillator in its ground state (...) (the photodetector). The approximate solutions represent the state of both oscillators after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the individual hamiltonians for each oscillator, and therefore the energies for each oscillator do not exist in the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute Bohmian trajectories and to study the energy transfer between the oscillators. We conclude that, even using the Bohmian view, the energy of each individual oscillator is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off. (shrink)

In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators from the point of view of Bohm’s interpretation of quantum mechanics. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector. We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case where one oscillator is initially in its first excited state (a single photon) reaching the other oscillator in its ground state (...) (the photodetector). The approximate solutions represent the state of both oscillators after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the individual hamiltonians for each oscillator, and therefore the energies for each oscillator do not exist in the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute Bohmian trajectories and to study the energy transfer between the oscillators. We conclude that, even using the Bohmian view, the energy of each individual oscillator is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off. (shrink)

In this paper, we defend two claims. First, we argue that a notion of contextuality that has been formalized in physics and psychology is applicable to linguistic contexts. Second, we propose that this formal apparatus is philosophically significant for the epistemology of language because it imposes homogeneous rational constraints on speakers. We propose a Contextuality Principle that explains and articulates these two claims. This principle states that speakers update contextual information by significantly reducing the space of probabilities and variables in (...) a non-commutative way. Some contexts affect other contexts not merely in terms of the information they contain, but also on the basis of their sequential order. In particular, we argue that the Contextuality by Default (CBD) theory provides a formalism that helps explain the role of contextuality in rational linguistic exchanges. (shrink)

This edited volume examines aspects of the mind/consciousness that are relevant to the interpretations of quantum mechanics. In it, an international group of contributors focus on the possible connections between quantum mechanics and consciousness. They look at how consciousness can help us with quantum mechanics as well as how quantum mechanics can contribute to our understanding of consciousness. For example, what do different interpretations aimed at solving the measurement problem in quantum mechanics tell us about the nature of consciousness, such (...) as von Neumann's interpretation? Each interpretation has, associated to it, a corresponding metaphysical framework that helps us think about possible “models” of consciousness. Alternatively, what does the nature of consciousness tell us about the role of the observer and time reversibility in the measurement process? The book features 20 papers on contemporary approaches to quanta and mind. It brings together the work of scholars from different disciplines with diverse views on the connections between quanta and mind, ranging from those who are supportive of a link between consciousness and quantum physics to those who are very skeptical of such link. Coverage includes such topics as free will in a quantum world, contextuality and causality, mind and matter interaction, quantum panpsychism, the quantum and quantum-like brain, and the role of time in brain-mind dynamics. (shrink)

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is one of the most influential theories of consciousness, mainly due to its claim of mathematically formalizing consciousness in a measurable way. However, the theory, as it is formulated, does not account for contextual observations that are crucial for understanding consciousness. Here we put forth three possible difficulties for its current version, which could be interpreted as a trilemma. Either consciousness is contextual or not. If contextual, either IIT needs revisions to its axioms to include contextuality, (...) or it is inconsistent. If consciousness is not contextual, then IIT faces an empirical challenge. Therefore, we argue that IIT in its current version is inadequate. (shrink)

Quantum indistinguishability directly relates to the philosophical debate on the notions of identity and individuality. They are crucial for our understanding of multipartite quantum systems. Furthermore, the correct interpretation of this feature of quantum theory has implications that transcend fundamental science and philosophy, given that quantum indistinguishability is a resource in quantum information theory. Most of the conceptual analysis of quantum indistinguishability is restricted to studying the permutational invariance of quantum states, the concomitant quantum statistics and their entanglement. Here, we (...) analyse the role of indistinguishability and non-individuality in other areas of quantum theory. We start by analysing how a very peculiar use of indistinguishability underlies Feynman’s rules for summing amplitudes in interference phenomena. Next, we study how quantum indistinguishability is underestimated in several topics of debate in the quantum physics literature, such as the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen argument, Bell’s inequalities and the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem. Finally, we argue that an ontology of truly indistinguishable entities can serve as a basis for a quantum ontology that can give interesting answers to the interpretational problems of quantum mechanics. We claim that, in addition to superposition, contextuality and entanglement, indistinguishability (understood in a robust ontological sense) is one of the central features of quantum physics. -/- . (shrink)

In this work, we discuss a formal way of dealing with the properties of contextual systems. Our approach is to assume that properties describing the same physical quantity, but belonging to different measurement contexts, are indistinguishable in a strong sense. To construct the formal theoretical structure, we develop a description using quasi-set theory, which is a set-theoretical framework built to describe collections of elements that violate Leibnitz's principle of identity of indiscernibles. This framework allows us to consider a new ontology (...) in order to study the properties of quantum systems. (shrink)

It is well known that in quantum mechanics we cannot always define consistently properties that are context independent. Many approaches exist to describe contextual properties, such as Contextuality by Default, sheaf theory, topos theory, and non-standard or signed probabilities. In this paper we propose a treatment of contextual properties that is specific to quantum mechanics, as it relies on the relationship between contextuality and indistinguishability. In particular, we propose that if we assume the ontological thesis that quantum particles or properties (...) can be indistinguishable yet different, no contradiction arising from a Kochen-Specker-type argument appears: when we repeat an experiment, we are in reality performing an experiment measuring a property that is indistinguishable from the first, but not the same. We will discuss how the consequences of this move may help us understand quantum contextuality. (shrink)

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE In this paper we examine the consequences of von Neumann's interpretation of quantum mechanics in the context of an insect conditioning experiment. We argue that either the insect has a mind, therefore collapsing the wave function, or it does not, therefore reacting to superpositions in a different way. Thus, a device to condition insects could be used to test von Neumann's interpretation, if insects are not conscious. If, on the other hand, insects (...) possess a mind, such experiment would open up the possibility of using insect experiments to test Stapp's theory of mind-matter interaction. (shrink)

In this paper we analyze the existence of joint probabilities for the Bell-type and GHZ entangled states. We then propose the usage of nonmonotonic upper probabilities as a tool to derive consistent joint upper probabilities for the contextual hidden variables. Finally, we show that for the extreme example of no error, the GHZ state allows for the definition of a joint upper probability that is consistent with the strong correlations.

The connection between quantum physics and the mind has been debated for almost a hundred years. There are several proposals as to how quantum effects might be relevant to understanding consciousness, including von Neumann’s Consciousness Causes Collapse interpretation (CCC), Penrose’s Orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR), Atmanspacher quantum emergence theory, or Vitiello’s field theory. In this paper, we examine the CCC, in particular Stapp’s theory of interaction of mind and matter, and discuss how this imposes constraints to possible brain structures. We (...) then argue that those constraints may allow us to identify a possible locus of the interaction between mind and matter, if CCC is true. (shrink)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Quantum Interaction, QI 2016, held in San Francisco, CA, USA, in July 2016. The 21 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The papers address topics such as: Fundamentals; Quantum Cognition; Language and Applications; Contextuality and Foundations of Probability; and Quantum-Like Measurements.

Any theory of information needs to comply with what we call the implementation, formalization, and representation constraints. These constraints are justified by basic considerations concerning scientific modelling and methodology. In the first part of this paper, we argue that the implementation and formalization constraints cannot be satisfied because the relation between Shannon information and IIT must be clarified. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the representation constraint. We argue that IIT cannot succeed in satisfying this constraint (...) for semantic contents without offering models for concepts, conceptual roles, and context sensitivity. In the final part of the paper, further complications are raised with respect to the distinction between consciousness and attention, which apply more specifically to the representation constraint. We conclude with some recommendations as to how IIT may succeed in solving these problems, highlighting the advantages and enormous potential of IIT as a scientific theory. (shrink)

We first show that a theorem by Cartan that generalizes the Frobenius integrability theorem allows us (given certain conditions) to obtain noncurvature solutions for the differential Bianchi conditions and for higher-degree similar relations. We then prove that there is no algorithmic procedure to determine, for a reasonable restricted algebra of functions on spacetime, whether a given connection form satisfies the preceding conditions. A parallel result gives a version of Gödel's first incompleteness theorem within an (axiomatized) theory of gauge fields.

Este trabajo orienta su contenido a las aplicaciones de la lógica borrosa, pero no desde una aproximación que trate de abordar ciertas caracterrsticas relevantes de algunas de ellas y/o comentar sus coincidencias y discrepancias desde el punto de vista dei soporte dado por la lógica borrosa. Existen excelentes y abundantes revisiones de este estilo, por lo que nosotros hemos optado por introducir algunas reflexiones a modo de respuesta a preguntas formuladas al hilo de la más general que da trtulo al (...) trabajo. Contestar a algunas de ellas es, sin duda, uncometido realmente arriesgado, como ocurre al tratar de plasmar, por ejemplo, y aunque sea con trazos “borrosos”, cuáles serán las aplicaciones futuras de la lógica borrosa. Esperamos que se nos disculpe si el acierto torna a ser escaso.This paper discusses about the field of fuzzy logic applications, but not from the point of view of its importance or commenting their main features and how they are formally supported by fuzzy logic. Very good, exist in this field, and so we decided to present some reflections trying to answer very general questions about this issue. Answering, for example, to the question about possible futureapplications of fuzzy logic is, no doubts, a very risky task. We look forward to be forgiven if our approach proves not to be very successful. (shrink)

The US neutrino community gathered at the Workshop on the Intermediate Neutrino Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory February 4-6, 2015 to explore opportunities in neutrino physics over the next five to ten years. Scientists from particle, astroparticle and nuclear physics participated in the workshop. The workshop examined promising opportunities for neutrino physics in the intermediate term, including possible new small to mid-scale experiments, US contributions to large experiments, upgrades to existing experiments, R&D plans and theory. The workshop was organized into (...) two sets of parallel working group sessions, divided by physics topics and technology. Physics working groups covered topics on Sterile Neutrinos, Neutrino Mixing, Neutrino Interactions, Neutrino Properties and Astrophysical Neutrinos. Technology sessions were organized into Theory, Short-Baseline Accelerator Neutrinos, Reactor Neutrinos, Detector R&D and Source, Cyclotron and Meson Decay at Rest sessions.This report summarizes discussion and conclusions from the workshop. (shrink)

The current study reports on three role-plays investigating the understanding and uses of politeness by native speakers of Spanish from Spain, native speakers of English from the United States, and nonnative speakers of Spanish from the United States. Motivated by the different characterization of Peninsular Spanish and U.S. American cultures as solidarity and distancing cultures, respectively, we expected that American English speakers would be more inclined towards the use of politeness strategies linked to the protection of face, while Spaniards would (...) make more use of maneuvers to enhance face. The pertinent research question is whether learners transfer into L2 their L1 preference for face-saving, or, conversely, are able to adapt their behavior depending on the language of the interaction. Our results show that, overall, nonnative speakers still abide by the norms of their L1 to some extent, attaching more importance to the avoidance of face-threats when speaking in Spanish than native speakers do, although this preference tends to become less marked as their proficiency in the L2 increases. (shrink)

O propósito geral deste artigo consiste em mostrar, a partir de hipóteses globais de interpretação da natureza e da arte, o lugar da pintura na filosofia de F. W. J. v. Schelling. Submetendo a obra pictórica a condições teórico-especulativas inovadoras, a ponderação schellinguiana impele-nos, não raro, a um tratamento diferenciado do visível. Por isso, a título de exercício de reflexão, espera-se igualmente indicar que tal caracterização da pintura ecoa e antecipa, ao longe, questões levantadas pela filosofia contemporânea – em especial, (...) pela fenomenologia – a respeito da imagem. (shrink)

O presente artigo conta investigar o processo de constituição da estética musical a partir da teoria da arte elaborada por F. W. J. von Schelling. Para tanto, espera-se mostrar a maneira pela qual o filósofo alemão procura redimensionar as bases que davam sustentação à chamada estética sistemática para, a partir de uma ponderação extremamente inovadora, caracterizar a música como um objeto original de saber.

In this paper we examine some proposals to disprove the hypothesis that the interaction between mind and matter causes the collapse of the wave function, showing that such proposals are fundamentally flawed. We then describe a general experimental setup retaining the key features of the ones examined, and show that even a more general case is inadequate to disprove the mind-matter collapse hypothesis. Finally, we use our setup provided to argue that, under some reasonable assumptions about consciousness, such hypothesis is (...) unfalsifiable. (shrink)

Constellations, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 511-521, December 2021.

This paper is the result of reflections inspired by observing and participating in dancing sessions with children. Our experience of the latter led to the production of images that provoked a variety of questions, and invited us to think about the relationships between bodies, dance, and various forms of education. Among these questions were: what clues about the experience of human embodiment are given through observing children’s dance? What can children teach us through participating with them in this performative medium, (...) and what are its implications for education, most especially in light of our observations of children's inventiveness in this regard? Our impressions resonate and find expression in the oeuvre of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Foucault, Jan Masschelein and Manoel de Barros. Placing ourselves under their influence, we mobilized our thinking and opened ourselves to the emergent character of their ideas, resulting in what might be called a form of “dancing-writing” in which those two forms of expression interact. This dancing-writing is informed by and imbued with children’s lived experience: step by step, we walked the paths that they opened, recording as best we could their multisensorial approach to the world—gaze, taste, smell, sound, touch, movement. Ours was an experience of research on movement, with movement, in movement. As such, we harbor no intention to present final answers, but rather offer the reader an invitation to think philosophically and childishly. Ours is an invitation to dance with and among the questions which that very dance inspired. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2017 Heft: 214 Seiten: 373-391.

TEXTO PUBLICADO PELO CENTRO DE ESTUDOS ÁRABES CONTEMPORÂNEOS - Universidade de Georgetown Washington D.C. 20057. Março de 1986.

A relevância adquirida pelo pensamento de Michel Foucault no Brasil contemporâneo é circunstância bem conhecida. A despeito disso, poucos têm se dedicado a investigar suas cinco visitas a nosso país, datadas de 1965, 1973, 1974, 1975 e 1976. Sendo assim, a autora desenvolveu a pesquisa "Michel Foucault no Brasil: presença, efeitos e ressonâncias", cujos objetivos incluem o estabelecimento de uma "audiografia" da presença do Foucault-corpo no Brasil - análise do modo como ele aqui ocupou os espaços de fala -, bem (...) como de uma "geo-epistemologia" - busca das condições geopolíticas de produção do saber - e de uma "cronobibliografia" das ideias de Foucault entre nós - exame analítico-crítico das temporalidades associadas à primazia conferida a determinados procedimentos, categorias, problemáticas e conceitos pelos intelectuais e militantes brasileiros. Para tanto, foram utilizados documentos escritos e fonográficos relativos às visitas, artigos, coletâneas e livros brasileiros voltados à discussão das perspectivas de Foucault, e narrativas orais tanto dos que com ele conviveram nas passagens por São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Recife e Belém como daqueles que, atualmente, exibem efeitos e ressonâncias de seu pensamento nos âmbitos acadêmico, profissional e político. Os ensaios que compõem este livro já haviam sido publicados aqui e ali, e foram apenas ligeiramente modificados - evitando repetições excessivas, mas mantendo alguma reiteração, para que possam ser apreciados em qualquer ordem, ou mesmo selecionados conforme os interesses específicos dos leitores. (shrink)

Para Kant, os jogos desempenham um papel extremamente importante na vida humana, já que são responsáveis por colocarem o espírito em atividade e, ao fazê-lo, avivá-lo na direção da sociabilidade, da moderação e do refinamento. De acordo com suas Lições de pedagogia e de antropologia, os jogos não são uma mera distração, eles são uma ótima ferramenta para se aprender a viver. O objetivo deste artigo é o de, em um primeiro momento, recuperar alguns dados biográficos de Kant para aclarar, (...) à luz dos jogos, a dinamicidade subjacente à austeridade do cumprimento da famosa rotina do filósofo alemão e, em seguida, explorar conceitualmente o destaque que Kant dá aos jogos no processo de moralização da criança e do adulto. (shrink)

O filósofo alemão Hans Jonas dedica-se a questões que estão na agenda da discussão ética contemporânea. Sua teoria ético-metafísica, explicitada no livro O princípio responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização contemporânea retoma e amplia as indagações a respeito da relação existente entre homem e técnica na modernidade. O ponto de partida da sua tese é a afirmação de que as novas dimensões do agir humano - ocasionadas pela tecnologia - tornaram possível a realização de ações de grande impacto (...) tanto no globo terrestre quanto ao próprio homem. Questões como clonagem, manipulação genética, controle de comportamento, entre outras, mostram como a humanidade pode recriar um novo modelo humano. A partir destes pressupostos , este artigo concentra-se nas questões bioéticas mais especificamente no campo da medicina. Nossa pretensão é mostrar como Jonas propõe a aplicação de sua teoria moral na prática médica. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a relação entre biopolítica e nazismo à luz da obra de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben. Para Foucault, o nazismo utilizou-se do racismo de Estado para proteger uma raça e legitimar a morte daqueles que representavam uma espécie de perigo biológico. Seguindo a mesma via, Agamben nos convida a refletir sobre os campos de concentração não como um fato histórico superado, mas como uma estrutura de poder que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada (...) nas democracias contemporâneas, marcada pela vigência do estado de exceção e produção da vida nua.Palavras-chave: Foucault.Agamben.Biopolítica. Campo. AbstractThis article aims to present the relationship between biopolitics and Nazism in the light of the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. According to Foucault, Nazism used state racism to protect a race and legitimize the death of those who represented a kind of biological danger. Following the same path, Agamben invites us to reflect on the concentration camps not as an outdated historical fact, but as a power structure which has been increasingly used in contemporary democracies, marked by the validity of the state of exception and production of bare life.Keywords: Foucault. Agamben. Biopolitics. Field. ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-955X. (shrink)

A chegada e o estabelecimento da reflexão filosófica europeia no Brasil são indissociáveis do aristotelismo português trazido pelos jesuítas desde sua chegada ao então território colonial em 1549. A compreensão de determinados aspectos relacionados a este acontecimento não deve implicar na proposição de um fator determinista para a interpretação do modo como a filosofia é multiplamente tratada e pesquisada no país, mas certamente consiste em um fator imprescindível para a sua consideração. A argumentação a seguir visa indicar alguns aspectos ainda (...) presentes na forma segundo a qual a filosofia ainda é pensada entre nós. (shrink)

Resenha do livro: MOREIRA ALMEIDA, Alexander; COSTA, Marianna Abreu; COELHO, Humberto Schubert. _Science of life after death. _Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2022. 96 f.

Tradução do Artigo de William James:_ A Suggestion about mysticism_. Texto publicado originalmente em 17 de fevereiro de 1910 no Volume VII N°4 em _The journal of philosophy psychology and scientific methods_ p. 85 a 92. Artigo de domínio público de acordo com a Convenção de Berna.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns dos elementos centrais da analítica do poder proposta por Michel Foucault. Após situar e caracterizar a noção foucaultiana de poder a partir dos escritos genealógicos, examina-se como a concepção relacional de poder orienta as investigações acerca da emergência e estruturação do poder disciplinar. Por fim, recuperamos a crítica de Andrew Sayer à noção foucaultiana de poder, segundo a qual falta à concepção foucaultiana uma elaboração explícita do componente valorativo e normativo do poder. (...) Ao final, considera-se a pertinência dos pontos levantados por Sayer.Palavras-chave: Foucault. Poder. Disciplina. Andrew Sayer. (shrink)

O trabalho investiga em que medida a intencionalidade do autor, oculta no texto, deve ser perscrutada pelo leitor ao interpretar, tendo em vista que, na ausência do autor durante o ato de leitura, a intenção do próprio texto se sobrepõe à do autor. Para tanto, recorreremos, principalmente, a passagens de duas obras de Paul Ricoeur, Do texto à ação e Tempo e narrativa.

O texto discute o pensamento ambiental contemporâneo na perspectiva filosófica e política. Tal pensamento tornou-se um quadro hermenêutico de referência para a compreensão e a interpretação de vários campos de conhecimento, do ponto de vista do ser, do conhecer e da ação política do ser no mundo atual, o que justifica o realce à relação entre Filosofia e Política. O pressuposto geral que orienta a discussão é que a atual configuração epistêmica do pensamento ecológico é tributária de um ideário filosófico (...) e político gestado pelos movimentos que defendiam a transformação do pensamento social, da ordem cultural e do sistema político das sociedades avançadas do contexto político resultante do após II Guerra Mmundial. O foco específico da discussão são as ideias filosóficas de Mmax Weber e Jürgen Habermas, com ênfase para os conceitos de racionalização, ação estratégica/ação comunicativa, respectivamente. As ideias desses autores convergem para explicar o pensamento ambiental como portador de uma racionalidade cultural estrategicamente orientada para a ação política, mas comunicativamente vinculada ao mundo da vida. (shrink)

Le président Brésilien Luiz Ignacio Lula da Silva a assis son pouvoir sur sa personnalité et des origines populaires qui rompent toute idée de compromission avec les élites. Mais si sa personnalité lui permet de ne pas être une émmanation de son parti , il n'en est pas moins dépendant, pour l'entretien de son image, de celui-ci et des luttes opaques qui s'y déroulent .Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has based its power on his personality and popular origins (...) that break any idea of ​​compromise with elites. But if his personality can not be a émmanation his party , it is no less dependent for the maintenance of its image, one opaque and struggles taking place. (shrink)