This article proposes the historico-philosophical analysis of interpretative practices of French postmodernist philosophers through their contextualization in intellectual debate and social-institutional conditions of production of philosophical knowledge in French in the 60-70 of the 20th century. Philosophical strategies of postmodernism are placed in the context of «in-terpretative wars» that took place between historians of philosophy and new interpreters. The article considers specificity and the new criteria of postmodern interpretation that appears as a radicalization of hermeneutics on the terrain of se-miology (...) and, simultaneously, focuses on literature as a new model of philosophical discourse. The article examines the main contradictions of postmodern project that does not allow it to become “the other” in the fight against “the same” in French philosophy. Demonstrating the incompatibility of postmodern pluralism of sense and the historical-philosophical principles of objectivity and contextualization, the author introduces the distinction between historico-philosophical studies and philisophizing that appeals to philosophical texts of the past. (shrink)

The author disagrees with reductionist attitude to Wittgenstein’s philosophy as philosophy of language. Basing on researches in contemporary French philosophy, the author reveals anthropological dimension of Wittgenstein’s reflections both in the main themes of his philosophizing and in his philosophical method as such. Wittgenstein strives to clarify what we already know, trying to avoid explanation, generalization and uniformity. The research shows that clarification, übersichtliche Darstellung acquires in anthropology special meaning of description and helps to overcome explicative anthropological approach and description (...) of human action in terms of binary oppositions of nature/culture and instrumentality/rituality. The article shows practical results of “grammatical analysis” applied to the concepts of humanity, speech and thinking: this analysis discovers circularity of theoretical definitions of human being and opens the way of “immediate understanding” of humanity prior to any theoretical thinking. The article shows the role of Wittgenstein’s concepts of “ritual instinct” and “ceremonial animal”, which help to understand human activity as manifestations of “ritual instinct”, and ritual action as inseparable unity of natural reactions and conscious intentionality despite the debates between intellectualism and expressivism. (shrink)