「三教合一」的命題猶如一口古井， 看似陳舊， 往深處提煉， 又可伸觸潛藏於井底的水脈。 《君師道合：晚明儒者的三教合一論述》透過管志道、楊起元和周汝登，揭示晚明三教合流思維的演變，以及三教合一思想與君道、師道的關係。尤其值得思考的是，晚明儒者對明太祖的歷史記憶與政治認同，對政教統合的認可 ，試圖以「三教觀」來鞏固「君師道合」的想法，置於晚明的思想語境，到底說明了什麼？由此進一歩探索晚明三教思想的思維特色、三教的政治性意涵以及儒者對現實政教關懷等問題。 本書選擇管志道、楊起元和周汝登為本書論述主要對象，大致有以下幾個原因：（一）他們是廣義的陽明後學，在學承和個人學習經驗有所交錯，例如羅汝芳是楊起元的老師，但管志道和周汝登二人，亦深受羅汝芳啟發；（二） 三人皆有深刻的三教思想關懷，而其三教思想扣緊著當時的政治、社會與學術重要問題；（三）彼此有深刻的論學往來，其中以管志道和楊起元，以及楊起元和周汝登的情誼最深。不僅有書信來往，也常互贈詩歌；（四）三人活 動的時間，集中於隆慶、萬曆期間，並且都是南京學圈的重要儒者。最為關鍵是，三人獨特的三教觀和論述，有所交鋒又各有側重，因此適切成為理解晚明三教論述建構與發展的思想社群。值得留意的是，在《明儒學案》〈泰州 學案〉黃宗羲摘錄了楊起元和周汝登的學說，但管志道僅有一小段傳記。而在當代學界，周汝登在思想史上頗有「能見度」以外，管志道和楊起元的思想鮮少被注意，可說已長久成為哲學史或思想史的「失蹤者」。 《君師道合：晚明儒者的三教合一論述》主要的論題核心在於探索晚明的三教合一論述，探討「合一」觀背後的「思想世界」與「歷史脈絡」，找出合一思想的現實關懷，究竟和儒者所面對的時代和思想危機有什麼關聯，以此建 構晚明三教合一的論述場域。書中揭示中晚明三教合流思維的演變，以及儒者三教合一觀所包含的君道與師道的競爭關係。此外，追問三教合一論述又如何安頓政治權力與道德權威等問題。本書採取「論述」的概念，也是在前文 討論的反思基礎上，認為「三教合一」不僅只是一個思想概念，或者是一種思想整合的複雜形態，圍繞著三教合一的各種話語如「出世法」、「君師道」及「治教」等，是晚明儒者的共同關懷，彼此的討論和回應形成重要的論述 場域。 本書第一章為導論。首先提出本書的問題反思，同時檢視「三教合一」研究的多重視野，把握其研究脈絡，最後再從題目和人物選擇考量說明，進一步勾勒出本書主要問題意識。第二章為「明中葉三教合流之衍變」，主要提供三 教交涉的長時段演變背景，並且以王陽明作為主要分界點，探討其如何開拓包容性的三教觀，而後來學者在此思想基礎上，如何找到思想出路，以致跨出良知學話語，建立自己的思想關懷和立場。第三章探索管志道的「乾元統天 」之學。第四章以楊起元「孝弟慈」大成之學為討論主軸。第五章則論周汝登的「三教統體」之學。第六章為結論。從管志道、楊起元與周汝登三教合一論述的比較，總結其如何蘊含「政教化」傾向。.

As the Covid-19 pandemic struck, many healthcare providers switched to telemedicine to deliver medical care through computer and phone screens. How can historians make sense of this use of technolo...

分: 哲学与时代精神、现代自然科学与辩证唯物主义、马克思主义哲学与宗教等9个专题。.

本书主要是针对我国当前改革建设的实践,运用马克思主义的哲学原理,加以深入的论述,特别是关于改革与社会心理、人的本质和人的价值、思维方式的变革、宗教等问题的论述、有新意、有深度。.

本书包括:古朝鲜三国及统一新罗时期、高丽时期、朝鲜王朝(李朝)时期、近代时期四编。.

Tu Wei-ming is the foremost exponent of Confucian thought in the United States today. Over the last two decades he has been developing a creative scholarly interpretation of Confucian humanism as a living tradition. The result is a work of interpretive brilliance that revitalizes Confucian thought, making it a legitimate concern of contemporary philosophical reflections.

Purpose.This paper presents a new method and model based on stochastic MULTIMOORA method and discuss its application to the doctor evaluation in healthcare service.Design/Methodology/Approach. In the previous studies, the number of decision group is often assumed to be small, and the different dimensions of the evaluation indexes were also less. In this paper, the authors study how to evaluate the healthcare service quality of doctors by the large group. Based on the stochastic MULTIMOORA theory, the authors use the method that (...) builds the function of the net probability, the distance between the ideal solutions, and the utility of each doctor.Findings.This paper presents a novel model to determine the optimal doctor that considers both two dimensions in the index system and balances the evaluation results of the two dimensions. The authors designed the questionnaire and conducted field survey to make the proposed method closer to the actual situation in China. Then, they determined the optimal evaluation result for the healthcare service quality of doctors.Research Limitations/Implications.In the process of practical decision-making, there are differences in intellectual literacy level, regional background, and language preference between different decision-makers. it is impossible for the method we proposed to consider the differentiation index system of decision-makers’ preference comprehensively. And this will be a further research direction.Practical Implications.The authors proposed two evaluation index dimensions and tryed to balance the evaluation results of the two dimensions as much as possible. Meanwhile, the information aggregation method based on stochastic MULTIMOORA is distinguished.Social Implications.The proposed method can be applied to the evaluation of doctors in actual healthcare service. It is helpful to improve the healthcare service quality and the hospital management level, further improve the core competition of hospitalsOriginality/Value.This paper makes up for the lack of existing studies of the large group evaluation decision in the healthcare service. A new method on the evaluation of doctors by the large group is established and applied to a healthcare management decision-making problem with Chinese characteristics in reality. (shrink)

This essay develops an inferential account of model explanation, based on Mauricio Suárez’s inferential conception of scientific representation and Alisa Bokulich’s counterfactual account of model explanation. It is suggested that the fact that a scientific model can explain is essentially linked to how a modeler uses an established model to make various inferences about the target system on the basis of results derived from the model. The inference practice is understood as a two-step activity, with the first step involving making (...) counterfactual statements about the model itself and the second step involving making hypothetical statements transferring over claims derived from the model onto the target. To illustrate how this two-step activity proceeds, an agent-based simulation model is discussed. (shrink)

Emotion recognition is an important part of building an intelligent human-computer interaction system and plays an important role in human-computer interaction. Often, people express their feelings through a variety of symbols, such as words and facial expressions. A business ecosystem is an economic community based on interacting organizations and individuals. Over time, they develop their capabilities and roles together and tend to develop themselves in the direction of one or more central enterprises. This paper aims to study a multimodal ER (...) method based on attention mechanism. It analyzes the current emotional state of consumers and the development direction of enterprises through multi-modal ER of human emotions and analysis of market trends, so as to provide the most appropriate response or plan. This paper firstly describes the related methods of multimodal ER and deep learning in detail, and briefly outlines the meaning of enterprise strategy in the business ecosystem. Then, two datasets, CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI, are selected to design the scheme for multimodal ER based on self-attention mechanism. Through the comparative analysis of the accuracy of single-modal and multi-modal ER, the self-attention mechanism is applied in the experiment. The experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of happy under multimodal ER reaches 91.5%. (shrink)

Tu (Chinese history and philosophy, Harvard U.) offers a panoramic view of the core values of Confucian intellectual thought that have kept it vital for more than two millennia, and underlie the recent resurgence in eastern Asia. Of interest to students of either China or religion and ethics. Paper edition (unseen), $14.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

The spread of epidemics, especially COVID-19, is having a significant impact on the world. If an epidemic is not properly controlled at the beginning, it is likely to spread rapidly and widely through the coexistence relationship between natural and social systems. A university community is a special, micro-self-organized social system that is densely populated. However, university authorities in such an environment seem to be less cautious in the defence of an epidemic. Currently, there is almost no quantitative research on epidemic (...) spreading and response strategies in universities. In this paper, a case study of a university community is considered for a simulation of an infection evolving after an epidemic outbreak based on the method of system dynamics of the three stages. The results show the following: By improving the speed of the initial emergency response, the total number of patients can be effectively controlled. A quarantine policy helps to slow down the evolution of infection. The higher the isolation ratio, the higher the cost; therefore, the isolation ratio should be optimized. It is important to make emergency plans for controlling epidemic spreading and carry out emergency drills and assessments regularly. According to the results of this study, we suggest an emergency management framework for public health events in university communities. (shrink)

I propose a dynamic causal approach to characterizing the notion of a mechanism. Levy and Bechtel, among others, have pointed out several critical limitations of the new mechanical philosophy, and pointed in a new direction to extend this philosophy. Nevertheless, they have not fully fleshed out what that extended philosophy would look like. Based on a closer look at neuroscientific practice, I propose that a mechanism is a dynamic causal system that involves various components interacting, typically nonlinearly, with one another (...) to produce a phenomenon of interest. (shrink)

In this essay I propose that what design principles in systems biology and systems neuroscience do is to present abstract characterizations of mechanisms, and thereby facilitate mechanistic explanation. To show this, one design principle in systems neuroscience, i.e., the multilayer perceptron, is examined. However, Braillard contends that design principles provide a sort of non-mechanistic explanation due to two related reasons: they are very general and describe non-causal dependence relationships. In response to this, I argue that, on the one hand, all (...) mechanisms are more or less general, and on the other, many design principles are causal systems. (shrink)

Michael Weisberg’s account of scientific models concentrates on the ways in which models are similar to their targets. He intends not merely to explain what similarity consists in, but also to capture similarity judgments made by scientists. In order to scrutinize whether his account fulfills this goal, I outline one common way in which scientists judge whether a model is similar enough to its target, namely maximum likelihood estimation method. Then I consider whether Weisberg’s account could capture the judgments involved (...) in this practice. I argue that his account fails for three reasons. First, his account is simply too abstract to capture what is going on in MLE. Second, it implies an atomistic conception of similarity, while MLE operates in a holistic manner. Third, Weisberg’s atomistic conception of similarity can be traced back to a problematic set-theoretic approach to the structure of models. Finally, I tentatively suggest how these problems might be solved by a holistic approach in which models and targets are compared in a non-set-theoretic fashion. (shrink)

Polger and Shapiro argue that their official recipe, a criterion for judging when the phenomenon of multiple realization exists, renders MR less widespread than its proponents have assumed. I argue that, although Polger and Shapiro’s criterion is a useful contribution, they arrive at their conclusion too hastily. Contrary to Polger and Shapiro, I claim that the phenomenon of multiple realization in the biological world, judged by their criterion, is not as scarce as they suggest. To show this, an updated official (...) recipe, namely a multiple mechanistic realization thesis, integrating Polger and Shapiro’s criterion with a compositional conception of realization, is developed. Then, three examples of varied kinds are examined, showing that cases of MR are not so hard to find in the biological world. (shrink)

This paper explores the cooperation mechanisms for the prisoner’s dilemma game, a canonical example for studying cooperation mechanisms, with Bayesian games. By the approach allowing simultaneous moves with the assumption that the players might be self-interested or norm-following, we establish four possible Bayesian game models, all of which are cooperation mechanisms for the prisoner’s dilemma game except for the model in which one of the two players must be self-interested.

In this paper, we propose an empirically based Monte Carlo bus-network model as a test bed to simulate intervention strategies to overcome the inefficiencies of bus bunching. The EMB model is an agent-based model which utilizes the positional and temporal data of the buses obtained from the Global Positioning System to constitute a set of empirical velocity distributions of the buses and a set of exponential distributions of interarrival time of passengers at the bus stops. Monte Carlo sampling is then (...) performed on these two derived probability distributions to yield the stochastic dynamics of both the buses’ motion and passengers’ arrival. Our EMB model is generic and can be applied to any real-world bus network system. In particular, we have validated the model against the Nanyang Technological University’s Shuttle Bus System by demonstrating its accuracy in capturing the bunching dynamics of the shuttle buses. Furthermore, we have analyzed the efficacy of three intervention strategies: holding, no-boarding, and centralized-pulsing, against bus bunching by incorporating the rule set of these strategies into the model. Under the scenario where the buses have the same velocity, we found that all three strategies improve both the waiting and travelling times of the commuters. However, when the buses have different velocities, only the centralized-pulsing scheme consistently outperforms the control scenario where the buses periodically bunch together. (shrink)

Why Lazarus Laughed explicates the essential doctrine shared by the traditions of Zen Buddhism, Advaita, and Tantra. Wei Wu Wei has become an underground spiritual favorite whose fans anxiously await each reissued book.

Thomas Polger and Lawrence Shapiro claim that unlike human-made artifacts cases of multiple realization in naturally occurring systems are uncommon. Drawing on cases from systems biology, I argue t...

Using two national culture dimensions, we show that the influence of firms’ corporate social performance on corporate financial performance hinges on culture. Specifically, CFP is higher in those firms where CSR initiatives are congruent with the cultural environment. CSP has a negative impact on CFP for those firms domiciled in countries which are individualistic and favor flexibility. These findings are amplified for those firms with low levels of foreign influence in terms of institutional ownership and sales. Using a dataset covering (...) 5334 firms from 41 different countries, our results indicate that culture and CSR initiatives have a powerful interaction effect in determining CFP, suggesting that CSP’s impact is dependent upon the culture of the country where the firm resides. (shrink)

本书从现代美育理论研究入手、评论著名美学人物、提出把“完美功利主义”作为中国美学现代传统的想法、并对这种现代传统进行阐述。.