The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a huge impact on the Chinese residents' health and economic level. In the pandemic background, the country and its institutions have introduced pandemic-related insurance to stabilize the national situation. At this stage, insurance has played an increasingly important role in social life. With the popularization of insurance, the idea of buying insurance to avoid risk has gradually become popular among people. Among them, the New Rural Cooperative Medical System has been farmers' (...) common choice. The NRCMS, a mutual aid system created by farmers spontaneously in the country, plays a great role in guaranteeing farmers access to basic health services, alleviating poverty caused by disease and returning to poverty due to disease, and promoting poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Given this backdrop, we study the efficiency of the NRCMS that can effectively promote poverty alleviation and rural revitalization and ensure the people's happy life. Implementing the Data Envelopment Analysis, we find that technological progress is one of the main factors influencing the efficiency of the NRCMS. Therefore, it is important to improve the technology for providing the efficiency of the NRCMS and promoting the happiness of the society. (shrink)

Doing research in a globalized context – regardless of the discipline – requires language decisions at different stages of the research process. Many of these language decisions have ethical implications. Existing literature and ethical guidance tend to focus on ethical concerns that arise in communication with participants who use a language different from the main research language. As this article shows, language decisions with potential ethical implications can occur in many additional ways. Two questions guided this work: how do language (...) decisions and research ethics intersect at different stages of the research process, and what potential harm is related to language decisions and how can such concerns be mitigated? Relevant literature – combined with practical research experiences – show that language decisions can potentially result in harm at the conception stage of research projects, when working with participants, during data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination, as well as when managing a research project. Thus, the article highlights that the role of language-related ethical dilemmas is not only organizational (e.g., ensuring participants can understand what the research is about), but also social (e.g., developing trust and relationships in research teams) as well as ideological (e.g., awareness of power structures and diverse worldviews). In order to support researchers in globalized contexts, this article offers a reflective framework that complements regulatory guidance issued by ethical bodies and facilitates a deeper awareness of ethical implications related to language decisions in a multilingual world. (shrink)

The centriole is a widely conserved organelle required for the assembly of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. Its striking feature – the nine‐fold symmetrical structure, was discovered over 70 years ago by transmission electron microscopy, and since elaborated mostly by cryo‐electron microscopy and super‐resolution microscopy. Here, we review the discoveries that led to the current understanding of how the nine‐fold symmetrical structure is built. We focus on the recent findings of the centriole structure in high resolution, its assembly pathways, and its (...) nine‐fold distributed components. We propose a model that the assembly of the nine‐fold symmetrical centriole depends on the concerted efforts of its core proteins. Also see the video abstract here:https://youtu.be/m4h_3II_WJo. (shrink)

Previous studies have found differences in the cognitive and neural mechanisms between cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression in the regulation of various negative emotions and the recognition of regulated stimuli. However, whether these differences are valid for sadness remains unclear. As such, we investigated the effect of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression on sadness regulation and the recognition of sad scenes adopting event-related potentials. Twenty-eight healthy undergraduate and graduate students took part in this study. In the regulation phase, the participants (...) were asked to down-regulation, expressive suppression, or maintain their sad emotion evoked by the sad images, and then to perform an immediately unexpected recognition task involving the regulated images. The behavioral results show that down-regulation reappraisal significantly diminished subjective feelings of sadness, but expressive suppression did not; both strategies impaired the participants’ recognition of sad images, and expressive suppression had a greater damaging effect on the recognition of sad images than down-regulation reappraisal. The ERP results indicate that reappraisal and expressive suppression significantly reduced the late positive potential induced by sadness. These findings suggest that down-regulation reappraisal and expression suppression can effectively decrease sadness, and that down-regulation reappraisal is a more effective regulation strategy for sadness. Both strategies impair the recognition of sad scenes, and expression suppression leads to relatively greater impairment in the recognition of sad scenes. (shrink)

This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of internet gaming disorder, social network use, and generalized pathological internet use on the association between loneliness and depression. A total of 2211 junior high school students completed questionnaires regarding loneliness, internet gaming disorder, social network use, GPIU, and depression. The results of a structural equation model revealed that the path coefficient of loneliness to depression was significantly positive, loneliness could not predict depression through GPIU directly, but loneliness could predict depression through (...) internet gaming disorder to GPIU, loneliness could predict depression through social network use to GPIU, and loneliness could not predict depression through internet gaming disorder to social network use to GPIU. These results provided significant implications for the prevention and reduction of depression in Chinese junior high school students. (shrink)

The present study examined the longitudinal association among the Big Five personality traits, maladaptive cognitions, and Internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 481 Chinese university students were surveyed three times by using the Chinese version of the Big Five Personality Traits Scale, Maladaptive Cognitions Scale, and Internet Addiction Scale. The results of a cross-lagged panel analysis highlighted that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively associated with maladaptive cognitions and Internet addiction, whereas neuroticism was found to be (...) positively associated with maladaptive cognitions and Internet addiction across time; associations among the Big Five personality traits, maladaptive cognitions, and Internet addiction were dynamic and bidirectional; and maladaptive cognitions played mediating roles in extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and Internet addiction across time. The Big Five personality traits, maladaptive cognitions, and Internet addiction predicted each other across time, and maladaptive cognitions were likely to be the key mediating factor in the associations between the Big Five personality traits and Internet addiction, which supported and expanded the Davis’ cognitive–behavioral model. (shrink)

For understanding and controlling spreading in complex networks, identifying the most influential nodes, which can be applied to disease control, viral marketing, air traffic control, and many other fields, is of great importance. By taking the effect of the spreading rate on information entropy into account, we proposed an improved information entropy method. Compared to the benchmark methods in the six different empirical networks, the IIE method has been found with a better performance on Kendall’s Tau and imprecision function under (...) the Susceptible Infected Recovered model. Especially in the Facebook network, Kendall’s Tau can grow by 120% as compared with the original IE method. And, there is also an equally good performance in the comparative analysis of imprecise functions. The imprecise functions’ value of the IIE method is smaller than the benchmark methods in six networks. (shrink)

本书共辑道教格言1800余条,以《道藏》内外的道家和道教的经籍为主,将其中的格言名句之精华进行分类归纳,并加以简明注解。.

In the paper we construct a new kind of fractional dynamical model, i.e. the fractional relativistic Yamaleev oscillator model, and explore its dynamical behaviors. We will find that the fractional relativistic Yamaleev oscillator model possesses Lie algebraic structure and satisfies generalized Poisson conservation law. We will also give the Poisson conserved quantities of the model. Further, the relation between conserved quantities and integral invariants of the model is studied and it is proved that, by using the Poisson conserved quantities, we (...) can construct integral invariants of the model. Finally, the stability of the manifold of equilibrium states of the fractional relativistic Yamaleev oscillator model is studied. The paper provides a general method, i.e. fractional generalized Hamiltonian method, for constructing a family of fractional dynamical models of an actual dynamical system. (shrink)

Yongming Yanshou shi Tang mo wu dai Song chu Wu Yue guo gao seng, xian cun you yi bai duo wan zi de zhu zuo. ben shu zhu yao cong "ju yi wei xin zhong", "zhao wan fa ru jing", "sin sheng wan xing", "dao fa yi xing cheng" si ge fang mian, duo Yanshou xin xue de xin ti lun, xin xiang lun, xin yong lun he xin jing lun jing xing le yan jiu.

內容簡介 本書探究清代中晚期理學思想，分為二編︰第一編探究嘉道時期尊崇程朱理學的方東樹及其族弟方宗誠理學思想。從方東樹對清考據學家的攻駁來看，雖發揮了一定的抗衡力量，但卻也同時使得理學中超越義的部分隱而不彰；方 宗誠則以契合「身心國家之實用」為學術價值的標準，從實用、濟世的角度予以兼容於其建構的理學系統之中，成為以經世為核心的新型態理學。第二編論析道咸時期宦遊於京師的士人在共同崇奉程朱思想的前提下所形成理學社 群及其相關學術活動，其一為「日課」，儒者定期會聚，將讀書、省察等修悟之事所載錄之日課相互批閱、論辯，作為進德修業工夫；其二為「纂輯」，劉廷詔《理學宗傳辨正》以纂述理學相關的學術史以鞏固程朱理學在道統傳 承的地位；其三為在經世視獄中對陸王心之批判學。本書企望能藉由此相關討論，更精確地呈現清代中晚期理學思想內涵。.

本书从朱熹关于“曾点气象”话题的讨论契入,直探朱子思想中的有无虚实之辨和儒学与佛老之辨等关键问题,旁及历史上相关“曾点气象”的评论,进而引出中国哲学中关于精神境界、本体与功夫的讨论等。.

Tian-tai Buddhism and Hua-yan Buddhism can be viewed as the two most philosophically important schools in Chinese Buddhism. The Tian-tai school was founded by Zhi-yi (Chih-i) (538-597 A.D.). The major Buddhist text endorsed by this school is the Lotus Sutra, short for “the Sutra of the Lotus Blossom of the Subtle Dharma.” Hua-yan Buddhism derived its name from the Hua-yan Sutra, translated as “The Flower Ornament Scripture” or as “The Flowery Splendor Scripture.”1 The founder of the Hua-yan school (...) was a Chinese monk named Du-shun (557-640 A.D.). The second patriarch of Hua-yan is Zhi-yan (602-668 A.D.), who studied with Du-shun. However, it is generally acknowledged that the real founder of Hua-yan Buddhism is its third patriarch, Fa-zang (643-712 A.D.). He introduced the division of “the Realm of Principle” and “the Realm of Things,”2 which was developed by Hua-yan’s fourth patriarch Cheng-guan (738-839? A.D.) into the defining thesis for Hua-yan Buddhism – the “four dharma realms”: the Realm of Principle, the Realm of Things,3 the Realm of the Noninterference between Principle and Things, and the Realm of the Noninterference of All Things. (shrink)

本书主要分为三篇:上篇主要介绍了思想观念和实践态度; 中篇讲述了顺天而行; 下篇则介绍了逆天而为.