In this paper, we argue that ‘good care’ in residential nursing homes is enacted through different care practices that are either inspired by a ‘professional logic of care’ that aims for justice and non-maleficence in the professional treatment of residents, or by a ‘relational logic of care’, which attends to the relational quality and the meaning of interpersonal connectedness in people’s lives. Rather than favoring one care logic over the other, this paper indicates how important aspects of care are constantly (...) negotiated between different care practices. Based on the intricate everyday negotiations observed during an ethnographic field study at an elderly nursing home in Germany, the paper puts forth the argument that care is always a matter of tinkering with different, sometimes competing ‘goods’. This tinkering process, which unfolds through ‘intuitive deliberation’, ‘situated assessment’ and ‘affective juggling’ is then theorized along the conceptualization of a ‘practical ethics of care’: an ethics which makes no a priori judgments of what may be considered as good or bad care, but instead calls for momentary judgments that are pliable across changing situations. (shrink)

Using a Web search engine is one of today’s most frequent activities. Exploratory search activities which are carried out in order to gain knowledge are conceptualized and denoted as Search as Learning. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework model which incorporates the perspective of both psychology and computer science to describe the search as learning process by reviewing recent literature. The main entities of the model are the learner who is surrounded by a specific learning context, the interface (...) that mediates between the learner and the information environment, the information retrieval backend which manages the processes between the interface and the set of Web resources, that is, the collective Web knowledge represented in resources of different modalities. At first, we provide an overview of the current state of the art with regard to the five main entities of our model, before we outline areas of future research to improve our understanding of search as learning processes. (shrink)

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted once more the great need for comprehensive access to, and uncomplicated use of, pre-existing patient data for medical research. Enabling secondary research-use of patient-data is a prerequisite for the efficient and sustainable promotion of translation and personalisation in medicine, and for the advancement of public-health. However, balancing the legitimate interests of scientists in broad and unrestricted data-access and the demand for individual autonomy, privacy and social justice is a great challenge for patient-based medical research.MethodsWe therefore (...) conducted two questionnaire-based surveys among North-German outpatients (n = 650) to determine their attitude towards data-donation for medical research, implemented as an opt-out-process.ResultsWe observed a high level of acceptance (75.0%), the most powerful predictor of a positive attitude towards data-donation was the conviction that every citizen has a duty to contribute to the improvement of medical research (> 80% of participants approving data-donation). Interestingly, patients distinguished sharply between research inside and outside the EU, despite a general awareness that universities and public research institutions cooperate with commercial companies, willingness to allow use of donated data by the latter was very low (7.1% to 29.1%, depending upon location of company). The most popular measures among interviewees to counteract reservations against commercial data-use were regulation by law (61.4%), stipulating in the process that data are not sold or resold (84.6%). A majority requested control of both the use (46.8%) and the protection (41.5%) of the data by independent bodies.ConclusionsIn conclusion, data-donation for medical research, implemented as a combination of legal entitlement and easy-to-exercise-right to opt-out, was found to be widely supported by German patients and therefore warrants further consideration for a transposition into national law. (shrink)

An important Belgian avant-garde poet, Daive's investigations alternate between poetry, narration and reflective prose. In addition to translations of Daive's poetry, van Gerven Oei offers a lush presentation of Daive's poetry and its relationship to the production-analysis of signification.

Kepler hat zwei Generationen vor Newton auf der Grundlage des Aristotelischen Bewegungsgesetzes eine Himmelsmechanik entwickelt, die eine dynamische Begründung der drei von ihm entdeckten Planetengesetze lieferte. Leibnizens Himmelsmechanik folgt zwar durch Berücksichtigung der Beschleunigung der Newtonschen Dynamik, stimmt aber andererseits in wesentlichen Zügen auch mit der Keplerschen Version überein. Die drei Himmelsmechaniken Keplers, Newtons und Leibnizens stehen gemäß der Kuhnschen Terminologie in einem revolutionären Verhältnis zueinander. Gleichwohl können Argumente angeführt werden, die die Bevorzugung der Newtonschen Himmelsmechanik gegenüber ihren Konkurrentinnen im (...) Sinne des kritischen Rationalismus berechtigt erscheinen lassen. (shrink)

Boltzmann's principle is part of classical physics, and one of the corner-stones of Planck's quantum theory. It is shown, why Planck's theory of radiation can be derived from this principle without abandoning classical physics, if due regard is taken of atomism. Finally, there is given an outline of a quantum theory completely based on statistical axioms without any appeal to nonclassical physical principles.

We present an algorithm to infer causal relations between a set of measured variables on the basis of experiments on these variables. The algorithm assumes that the causal relations are linear, but is otherwise completely general: It provides consistent estimates when the true causal structure contains feedback loops and latent variables, while the experiments can involve surgical or `soft' interventions on one or multiple variables at a time. The algorithm is `online' in the sense that it combines the results from (...) any set of available experiments, can incorporate background knowledge and resolves conflicts that arise from combining results from different experiments. In addition we provide a necessary and sufficient condition that determines when the algorithm can uniquely return the true graph, and can be used to select the next best experiment until this condition is satisfied. We demonstrate the method by applying it to simulated data and the flow cytometry data of Sachs et al. (shrink)

Summary A new reply to the old question as to meaning and foundations of the Lorentz transformations is given by passing over to non-linear equations. Thus, it is possible to show that the theory of special relativity can be based upon the Galilei transformations, i. e. on the classical assumptions concerning space and time, if terms of the fourth order are neglected. The new theory will probably give rise to a revision of relativistic mechanics.

Kepler hat zwei Generationen vor Newton auf der Grundlage des Aristotelischen Bewegungsgesetzes eine Himmelsmechanik entwickelt, die eine dynamische Begründung der drei von ihm entdeckten Planetengesetze lieferte. Leibnizens Himmelsmechanik folgt zwar durch Berücksichtigung der Beschleunigung der Newtonschen Dynamik, stimmt aber andererseits in wesentlichen Zügen auch mit der Keplerschen Version überein. Die drei Himmelsmechaniken Keplers, Newtons und Leibnizens stehen gemäß der Kuhnschen Terminologie in einem revolutionären Verhältnis zueinander. Gleichwohl können Argumente angeführt werden, die die Bevorzugung der Newtonschen Himmelsmechanik gegenüber ihren Konkurrentinnen im (...) Sinne des kritischen Rationalismus berechtigt erscheinen lassen. (shrink)

Das zweite Newtonsche Bewegungsaxiom, über dessen logischen Status seit Newton die verschiedensten Ansichten kursieren, wird durch Angabe von Meßvorschriften für die darin enthaltenen Größen als empirisch prüfbare Hypothese ausgewiesen. Es wird als Naturgesetz bezeichnet, weil es sich bei Benutzung dieser Meßvorschriften bewährt. Es erscheint allerdings als eine Definitionsgleichung, wenn es durch induktive Verallgemeinerung auf Bereiche übertragen wird, die eine unmittelbare Anwendung der Meßvorschriften nicht zulassen.