Theoretical gaps of the cognitive science. First of all the gap-thesis is based on a criticism 1. of the computer-orientated cognitive science (it confuses information with the information carrier), 2. of connectivism (its linguistic borrowing from the neurobiology is not appropriate), 3. of Varelas production model (the elimination of the function of representation results in the loss of the cognitive ability). From the context of meaning and time, then the author sketches a cognitive theoretical approach, in which thinking as a (...) (symbolic and/or subsymbolic) representation of meaning is introduced, which develops in a three-digit relation between world, language and substrate on the basis of isomorphy of time. (shrink)

- Diskussion von Epochenbegriff und Epochengrenzen - Autor, Markt und Publikum: Strukturwandel der literarischen Öffentlichkeit - Die Epoche im Spiegel der zeitgenössischen Debatten, z. B.: Nationalliteratur, Antike, Ästhetik, Religion - Popularisierung von Wissen und literarische Wissensvermittlung - Kulturtransfer und Fremderfahrung - Gattungsinnovationen und Gattungswandel: Drama, Roman, Publizistik und Literaturkritik, Fabel und Prosaerzählung, Dialog und Essay.

'A mere metaphor', 'only symbolic', 'just a myth' - these tell tale phrases reveal how figurative language has been cheapened and devalued in our modern and postmodern culture. In God and the Creative Imagination, Paul Avis argues the contrary: we see that actually, metaphor, symbol and myth, are the key to a real knowledge of God and the sacred. Avis examines what he calls an alternative tradition, stemming from the Romantic poets Blake, Wordsworth and Keats and drawing on the thought (...) of Cleridge and Newman, and experience in both modern philosophy and science. God and the Creative Imagination intriguingly draws on a number of non-theological disciplines, from literature to philosophy of science, to show us that God is appropriately likened to an artist or poet and that the greatest truths are expressed in an imaginative form. Anyone wishing to further their understanding of God, belief and the imagination will find this an inspiring work. (shrink)

We prove the existence of p-ideals that are nonmeagre subsets of P(ω) under various set-theoretic assumptions.

Le présent volume réunit les contributions d'un colloque sur la pensée sémiotique et linguistique des Idéologues qui s'est tenu à Berlin du 3 au 5 octobre 1983. Ce recueil d'articles fait suite à un fascicule de la revue Histoire Epistémologie Langage qui était consacré au même sujet et dont il complète et amplifie les perspectives en ce qui concerne la portée européenne de la discussion. Le volume manifeste l'intérêt que beaucoup d'entre nous portent, surtout dans les sciences du langage, à (...) ces philosophes longtemps négligés par l'histoire de la pensée. (shrink)

Nicht nur die Politik, auch die Demokratietheorie thematisiert die Partizipation der Bürger seit Jahren vorwiegend unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rationalität. Demgegenüber diskutiert der vorliegende Band, ausgehend vom Denken Hannah Arendts, wie sich demokratische Politik noch als Praxis, d.h. als ein um seiner selbst willen geschätztes Handeln unter Freien und Gleichen denken lässt.

ALL THE MORE, by Avi Sion, Ph.D., comprises a merged list of 72 qal vachomer arguments in the Tanakh, i.e. of a fortiori arguments in the Hebrew Bible. This listing brings together lists proposed in past rabbinic literature and in more recent studies by the author. The literature research for it was carried out mainly by R. Yaakov Gabay, who looked into works in Hebrew by five rabbis who had proposed lists, namely: R. Shmuel Yaffe Ashkenazi (Yefeh Toar, 1597), R. (...) Zvi Hirsch Katzenellenbogen (Netivot Olam, 1822), R. Zeev Wolf Einhorn (Midrash Tannaim, 1839), R. Mattityahu Strashun (Mattat Yah, 1892), R. Chaim Hirschensohn (Berure HaMidot, 1928). The author of the present essay brought additional information from the Tanakh commentary of R. Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi, 11th Cent.) and an essay by R. Louis Jacobs (2005), as well as from his own past works (Judaic Logic, 1995, and A Fortiori Logic, 2013). The information thus gathered is here presented in a systematic manner, after careful evaluation by the author of each case with reference to narrative context, language used, and logical form. Efforts are made to identify which cases were known to each of the past authors, and to determine who found each case first and whether subsequent listings of the case (if any) were independent or derivative. (shrink)

Exposing Fake Logic by Avi Sion is a collection of essays written after publication of his book A Fortiori Logic, in which he critically responds to derivative work by other authors who claim to know better. This is more than just polemics; but allows further clarifications of a fortiori logic and of general logic. This collection includes essays on: a fortiori argument (in general and in Judaism); Luis Duarte D’Almeida; Mahmoud Zeraatpishe; Michael Avraham (et al.); an anonymous reviewer of BDD (...) (a Bar Ilan University journal); and self-publishing. (shrink)

Otto Muck (*1928) verbindet in seinem Denken analytische Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie mit bleibend gultigen Einsichten der aristotelisch-scholastischen und transzendentalphilosophischen Traditionen. Zentral ist dabei eine integrative Konzeption von Metaphysik: Metaphysik erstellt keine Zusatz- oder Alternativtheorien zu anderen Wissenschaften, sondern expliziert den fundamentalen kategorialen Rahmen, in dem speziellere wissenschaftliche Begrifflichkeiten und Theorieansatze konstituiert werden und ihre Problemlosungsfahigkeit entfalten. Die Essays in diesem Band widmen sich auch Mucks Wahrheitsauffassung, der Rolle von Retorsionsargumenten, seiner Konzeption von wissenschaftlichen und weltanschaulichen Erklarungen sowie theologischen Anwendungen seines (...) Denkens. Beitrage von E. Runggaldier, C. Kanzian, H. Weidemann, G. Siegwart, W. Loffler, H.-D. Mutschler und N. Wandinger.". (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: Seven Poems NICOLAS CALAS (Translated by Avi Sharon) hellenizing surrealism: a greek door to europe Nicolas calas (Kalamares) may be considered merely a minor Greek poet, but he had a major global persona and influence. In the middle of the last century he played a catalyzing role in the international avant garde: He was a Zelig-like polemicist in three languages (Greek, French, and English) and across three cultural (...) capitals (Athens, Paris, and New York). But he always fought on a singular front: surrealism. Born in Lausanne in 1907, he grew up in Athens and by the later 1920s began to stand out in literary circles (he was over 6' 4") for his modernist if not revolutionary views. Starting from an interest in Freud and Marx, the subconscious and the revolutionary, Calas soon arrived at their natural synthesis—surrealism. Around the time when a distinctly Greek form of surrealist poetry emerged, with the 1935 publication of “Blast Furnace” by Andreas Embiricos, Calas was on his way to becoming its unofficial spokesman. He moved to the epicenter of the movement in Paris and with the 1938 publication of Foyers d’Incendie became the “most lucid and audacious” of founder André Breton’s acolytes, both prophet and demagogue of the group. Carried along in the current of European artists and thinkers leaving Europe for New York, he would continue the fight on the western wing of the faction (literally, coming to blows at a cocktail party with Clement Greenberg, representing the opposing Abstract Expressionist side). In 1942 he published another clarion pamphlet, Confound the Wise, giving the movement voice in English and befriending its most visible local supporters and practitioners, from Peggy Guggenheim to Marcel Duchamp. arion 27.1 spring/summer 2019 The Wyndham Lewis of the operation, Calas was a cross-border catalyst, evangelizing the role of surrealism as a liberating and generative force in modern literature and art. For him and other writers and poets, the weapon that would most effectively derange the reader’s habitual conformism into revelatory and revolutionary perception was the surrealist image, poetry’s lingua franca. For Greek practitioners it was completely natural for that magical representation to arise out of their god-infested, sun-filled landscape. Here they had a force that was both blinding and enlightening, penetrating and transformative, local and universal. For Calas, the primary echo or reflection of that essential image was the island of Santorini, referenced in several of the translations here (and reminiscent of his fellow national Nikos Gatsos’s use of the island of Amorgos in a similar context). It stood as the very symbol of fiery transformation, an image monstrous enough to shock the reader into a super-rational embrace of its own form of logic. This Hellenization of surrealism, like the Hellenization of modernism itself, was to become an important, transformative power in its own right. For many, the origin (and likewise, for many, the enclosing border ) of surrealism was France. “But it is French. It is their invention,” was how William Carlos Williams saw it, to his chagrin. Williams was convinced that the objective concentration on the image itself (“no ideas but in things”) could offer a salutary corrective to American poetry of his time. “It is the surrealists who have invented the living defense of literature,” he wrote in a 1929 essay. But for a poet so at one with the American Grain to be reconciled with surrealism’s ‘Francite’ he needed some way to cross the divide. His admiration for Calas’s work in clarifying and promoting the group’s ideas enabled the Greek poet to serve as a mediator, to allow the creative transference of its rebellious wisdom into Williams’s poetry. To borrow the title of one of his early American essays, Calas provided Williams a “Greek door to Europe.” In translating four of Calas’s French poems into English, published in 1941 with a frontispiece by the surrealist painter and magician Kurt Seligman, Williams leveraged Calas as the vehicle through which the “enabling foreignness” of surrealism could be grafted into the grain of his American modernist work, just as he set out on his magnum opus, Paterson. In a similar way... (shrink)

The present volume collects papers that were presented at the 34th International Wittgenstein Symposium “Epistemology: Contexts, Values, Disagreement” 2011 in Kirchberg. Contributors include: P. Baumann, A. Beckermann, E. Brendel, J. Bromand, G. Brun, M. David, W. Davis, C. Elgin, E. Fischer, W. Freitag, S. Goldberg, J. Greco, E. Harcourt, A. Kemmerling, M. Kober, D. Koppelberg, A. Koritensky, H. Kornblith, M. Kusch, M. Lee, N. Miscevic, K. Munn, B. Niederbacher, E. J. Olsson, C. Piller, R. Raaatzsch, S. Schmoranzer, S. Schroeder, G. (...) Schurz, N. Shackel, M. Solomon, M. Willaschek. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:From the Front NICOLAS ALIFERIS (Translated by Avi Sharon) The poems in Nicolas Aliferis’s 1998 collection “From the Front” offer a panorama of postcard views and epistolary voices from across the Greek oikoumene during the years 1897 through 1922. While the title has military tones, they are not all soldier’s letters. In point of fact, this was a period when the territorial limits of Greece, “the Front,” were undergoing (...) near constant alteration—“like the ink drunk in by blotting paper” as Seferis wrote in a poem about Europe at the beginning of the Second World War. The front, therefore, could be almost anywhere during this period, and certainly in the minds of almost every Greek. The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, stemming from irredentist forces in Crete, was the earliest outbreak, and put that island on a path toward union with the mainland. After that came the string of Balkan conflagrations before, during, and after ww i, that would more than double the land mass and population of Greece. The sequence of Treaties that, one by one, concluded each stage in these disputes (from that of Constantinople in 1897, to Sevres in 1920) brought Crete, Epirus, much of Macedonia, and then Thrace and the Dodecanese islands within the limits of Greece proper. The “front” was therefore more an idea than a line on a map, and the experience of it was not limited to actual soldiers in real trenches. The distinct personae that animate each poem range from conscripts in training camps to villagers turned mercenaries to city-bound merchants and other figures, high and low. The poems themselves are drawn from various sources: some were personal letters in the poet’s own family archive, others were drawn from written history arion 28.2 fall 2020 124 from the front and newspaper scraps, while some are more purely hypothetical. They present an imaginary memento of the experiences and voices of that period, and the struggle, personal and national, that helped inform the shape and meaning of what Greece is today. Nicolas Aliferis 125 the death of chakalarov We did away with Chakalarov and Popov, those terrors to the villages. They’d collect our lira then make their way to the north. When word reached Macedonia it was a huge relief. Now we’re in the mountains, all sixteen of us, walking the trails covered in fog, holed up in the rocks, always on lookout. The cold is fierce: ice, snow, gnashing teeth. Our enemies raging and the Bulgarians wild as bears. So much blood, deep red. Beyond to the east, gleaming peacefully, the lakes, Ostrovou and Sorovitz. 126 from the front dombro betser I received your letter. With so much happening here there was little time to write. But we haven’t forgotten you; every day there’s some mention of your name. How are you finding Macedonia— her mountains, her rivers? You were not joking with our neighbors, I see. Where will this story end for us? The teacher from the Monastery, she asks about you: “And Mr. Pelopidas...” she begins, then lowers her eyes. Here the knives are out. Oh Lord, will we ever get over it? Nicolas Aliferis 127 adrianople 1920 I am well and wish you the same. Living is cheap here— a chicken costs just two and a half drachmas. Lately I’ve gotten to know all the upper level subordinates and quite a few merchants, Turks and Jews. In the evening there’s either study or cards. As for what you write: I say we should learn from the Belgians, Pantelis, just a little. Otherwise, I’m afraid, our race is finished! 128 from the front training camp, 1918 I’ve sent three letters and received none. Only yesterday I heard news from the trenches: the deeds of Yanni and Bicha, how they died. It rained today and is raining still. I sit alone (it’s been a while...) and write you. My comrades are outside, their eyes glued to the open spaces. How necessary for the soul— amid this solitude— to feel human. The need to hear the breath of a comrade, to stand above his gaze, to half close your... (shrink)

Le P. D. M. De Petter, o.p., fondateur de cette revue dont il assuma la direction jusqu'à sa mort, survenue le 6 avril 1971, publia pendant sa vie divers articles qui ont suscité, à bon droit, l'intérêt du public philosophique. Ces études demeurent cependant fragmentaires par rapport à sa vision philosophique globale, telle qu'elle est exprimée dans ses cours non publiés. Elles ne reçoivent d'ailleurs leur pleine signification qu'à partir de cette vue d'ensemble. Le présent exposé a pour objectif d'initier (...) les lecteurs aux idées maîtresses de cette œuvre. Il n'a par conséquent d'autre prétention que de rendre fidèlement la pensée du P. De Petter. Il s'agit surtout de deux cours, qui sont étroitement liés : l'un d'anthropologie, l'autre de métaphysique. Le premier constitue le fondement du deuxième lequel, à son tour, complète le premier, en sorte que les deux forment une parfaite unité. De Petter révèle à travers ses cours une ligne de pensée très personnelle et originale. Sans doute en était-il conscient et il n'hésita pas à remettre en question toute la philosophie occidentale. Il y décelait une double erreur : d'une part une vision défectueuse et unilatérale de l'unité complexe de l'homme, d'autre part une interprétation insuffisante de l'ouverture humaine sur la réalité en soi et indépendante. En ce qui concerne le premier point, De Petter insiste sur le dualisme qui domine, quasiment sans contestation, toute la philosophie occidentale, et qui n'est contredit que par l'antidualisme des phénoménologues ; d'autre part il souligne les déficiences de cet antidualisme. Le dualisme n'a pas su rendre compte de l'unité humaine, tandis que l'antidualisme l'exagérait au point d'oublier la complexité de l'homme. En ce qui concerne le second point – l'ouverture humaine sur la réalité en soi – De Petter insiste sur le conceptualisme de toute la philosophie jusqu'à Kant. L'erreur de celui-ci consistait à considérer les concepts comme l'expression adéquate de la réalité elle-même, qu'ils tendaient à supplanter. Ensuite, il signale la réduction de l'être à l'être-pour-moi, prônée depuis Kant. Sur ce point également, la position de De Petter consiste à refuser les deux erreurs mentionnées. Aux phénoménologues, il imprunta tous les facteurs qui relativisent la connaissance humaine, mais à son avis l'affirmation de tout relativisme reste en deça de sa propre implication. Cette affirmation, en effet, prouve l'intentionalité foncière de la conscience sur la réalité même. C'est par cette intentionalité que la métaphysique devient possible. Celle-ci pourtant devra s'accorder au réalisme tel que De Petter le conçoit. Par ce réalisme il faut comprendre que la conscience humaine, à travers toutes les formes de relativité, vise l'absolu sans pouvoir y accéder. Dans cette ligne de pensée, la métaphysique ne fera que se rapprocher du mystère de la réalité toujours inaccessible. Sera-t-elle pour autant une métaphysique du silence ? Non pas. De Petter estime que le mystère de Dieu se montre – en tant que profondeur insondable – à travers l'insuffisance, la contingence ou le vide intérieur de notre monde. Signalons, pour terminer, que De Petter avance dans ses cours, une critique perspicace et profonde des thèses principales de l'anthropologie et de la métaphysique scolastiques. (shrink)

Die Philosophische Fakultat der Berliner Universitat stellte im Jahr 1828 eine Preisaufgabe, an deren Losung alle Studenten der Universitat teilnehmen konnten. Einem Vorschlag Hegels folgend ging es um eine Auseinandersetzung mit den "Prinzipien des Schonen" bei Kant. Nach anonymer Bewertung der eingegangenen Arbeiten wurde die von Bruno Bauer mit dem Preis geehrt. Wahrend die im Laufe der Jahre gestellten Aufgaben und erteilten Gutachten fast vollstandig erhalten sind, ist das Vorhandensein der von Bauer handschriftlich in lateinischer Sprache verfaten Arbeit eine wissenschaftliche (...) Raritat. Diese Schrift, deren Original sich im Archiv der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin befindet, wird hier erstmals publiziert. Eingeleitet durch eine philosophiegeschichtliche Betrachtung der Quelle (D. Moggach) und eine historische Einordnung der Preisschrift (W. Schultze) gestattet die synchrone Gegenuberstellung von lateinischem und deutschem Text dem Leser ein kritisches Studium der Quelle. Dieser Band soll den Auftakt fur weitere Publikationen wissenschaftlich und wissenschaftshistorisch interessanter Quellen des Archivs der Humboldt-Universitat bilden. (shrink)

La doctrine du ‘contrat social’ a fait récemment une réapparition dans l'ouvrage A Theory of Justice de John Rawls. D'un avis unanime, chacun reconnaît l'importance de ce livre. Et cependant son contenu est objet de critiques divergentes. Le présent article est conçu comme une modeste contribution aux débats en cours. Après une rapide esquisse des idées maîtresses de Rawls, l'auteur dresse un bilan synoptique des conceptions du contrat social de Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau et Kant. Sont mis en évidence : 1° (...) le fait que ces quatre philosophes parlent d'un droit naturel immuable 2° le fait que, tout en étant révolutionnaires sur le plan des idées politiques, ils ne sont pas parvenus à déceler les problèmes sociaux. Rawls a intégré l'inspiration socialiste -la préoccupation de la justice sociale -dans la théorie du contrat social. Il insiste sur le dialogue impartial, base de la recherche des principes de justice politique et sociale. Son ouvrage souffre néanmoins d'une profonde incohérence. Rawls s'est tourné vers la tradition du contrat social pour sortir de l'utilitarisme, sa pensée est en effet dirigée par une inspiration toute différente. Pourtant, dans sa déduction des principes de justice, il retombe dans l'utilitarisme qu'il voulait éviter. L'ambiguïté qui en résulte le place dans l'impossibilité de répondre valablement à une critique venue de divers côtés. (shrink)

The real history of the covey of attention-artists who call themselves "The Birds." A great deal of uncertainty--and even some genuine confusion--surrounds the origin, evolution, and activities of the so-called Avis Tertia or "Order of the Third Bird." Sensational accounts of this "attentional cult" emphasize histrionic rituals, tragic trance-addictions, and the covert dissemination of obscurantist ontologies of the art object. Hieratic, ecstatic, and endlessly evasive, the Order attracts sensual misfits and cabalistic aesthetes--both to its ranks, and to its scholarship. In (...) recent years, however, the revisionist work of the research collective ESTAR(SER) has done much to clear the air, bringing archival precision to the history of this covey of attention-artists who call themselves "The Birds." Gathering the best articles of the last twenty years of The Proceedings of ESTAR(SER), this volume represents a landmark in the history of aesthetic practices, and will be a point of departure for future work wading the muddy marshes at the limits of historicism."--Publisher description. (shrink)

This is a paper-back edition of a work which was first published in 1950. It is that rara avis—a philosophical best-seller. According to the publishers it is an original and important contribution to philosophy, but I would be more inclined to attribute its success to the attractive style in which it is written. Apparently even for philosophers it is the brightness of the package which attracts, not the contents.

French student teachers are provided with initial training which sometimes offers them an analysis of the situations they may be confronted with when teaching in their classrooms. This research work focuses on a specific device : Training Groups Analysing Professional Practices. It consists in presenting the analysis group organizers’ opinion (collected from semi-structured interviews) as well as that of the student teachers (collected via self-administered questionnaires) during three school years. It also highlights the idea that the analysis of professional practices (...) sessions contribute to vocational training: these sessions aim at grasping the complexity of the act of teaching and they allow the student teachers to receive coaching in their first year of teaching. (shrink)

Cette contribution propose un bref panorama des enjeux du travail de nuit dans la police à travers des portraits de situations et d’agents travaillant en brigade anticriminalité (BAC) et police secours, permettant d’assurer une présence policière 24 heures/24 et 7 jours sur 7. Elle explore également les revendications salariales, syndicales et associatives, récentes car survenues seulement au milieu des années 2010. Comment ces agents en sont venus à se mobiliser et à faire entendre leurs revendications, tant auprès de leurs syndicats (...) que des pouvoirs publics? Quelles sont, au quotidien, les négociations et adaptations plus informelles pouvant être observées dans ce mode de vie et de travail singulier? (shrink)

Depuis la parution de son premier fascicule en 1877, le Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique joue son rôle de passeur du savoir en faisant connaître à une vaste communauté de chercheurs les résultats des explorations archéologiques qui, dans le monde grec, dans les Balkans, à Chypre, renouvellent les connaissances par l’apport de documents inédits ou réinterprétés. Enraciné dans l’institution qui le publie, l’École française d’Athènes, il n’a cessé d’évoluer avec elle pour être toujours mieu...

Depuis la parution de son premier fascicule en 1877, le Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique joue son rôle de passeur du savoir en faisant connaître à une vaste communauté de chercheurs les résultats des explorations archéologiques qui, dans le monde grec, dans les Balkans, à Chypre, renouvellent les connaissances par l’apport de documents inédits ou réinterprétés. Enraciné dans l’institution qui le publie, l’École française d’Athènes, il n’a cessé d’évoluer avec elle pour être toujours mieu...

This paper reviews the social scientific literature on biometric surveillance, with particular attention to its potential harms. It maps the harms caused by biometric surveillance, traces their theoretical origins, and brings these harms together in one integrative framework to elucidate their cumulative power. Demonstrating these harms with examples from the United States, the European Union, and Israel, I propose that biometric surveillance be addressed, evaluated and reframed as a new form of control rather than simply another means of inspection. I (...) conclude by delineating three features of biometric technologies—complexity, objectivity, and agency—that demonstrate their social power and draw attention to the importance of studying biometric surveillance. (shrink)