Şiir kadim dönemlerden bu yana Arap kültüründe en önemli sanat dallarından biri belki de birincisi olagelmiştir. Şiirin ve dolayısıyla şairlerin büyük bir itibar gördüğü Arap toplumunda şaire kıymet kazandıran ölçütlerden biri irticalen şiir söyleyebilmesi, muhatabına cevap verebilme yetisi ve hazırcevaplığıdır. Bir şairin başka bir şairin şiirini aynı muhteva, vezin ve kafiyede irticalen devam ettirmesi anlamına gelen icâze de kökleri Câhiliye Dönemi’ne kadar uzanan bir şairlik hüneridir. Çalışma bu nedenle şairlerde kadim dönemlerden bu yana aranan bu hünerin hususiyetlerini konu edinmekte, bir (...) meziyet olarak icâzenin şairlerde niçin bulunmasına önem verildiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalede nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge analizi yöntemi kullanılarak icâzenin tanımı, türleri ve yöntemleri üzerinde durulmuş, verilen örneklerle bu türler arasındaki farklılıklar izah edilmiştir. Ayrıca icâzenin yine bedîhî olarak söylenen bir şiir türü olan nakîzadan, irticalen söylenmese de öncesinde söylenmiş bir şiirden daha güzelini orta koyma saikiyle yazılan muʿâraza türü şiirlerden ayrıştığı yönlerine temas edilmiştir. Şairleri icâze istemeye sevk eden sebepler örnekler üzerinden incelemeye tabi tutularak icâze türü şiirlerin bir şairin başka bir şaire meydan okuması, meydan okuma olmaksızın şairliğini sınama isteği, şiirin devamı konusunda yardım talebi veya şairlerin aralarında şaka yollu atışması neticesinde ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Şiirinin devamını isteyen şairle (müstecîz) şiiri devam ettiren şair (mücîz) veya şairlerin söylediği beyitlerin muhteva analizi yapılarak aralarındaki farklara işaret edilmiştir. İcâze türü şiirlerde şiire ekleme yapılmasını isteyen şairle şiiri devam ettiren şairin söylediği kesitlerin aynı uzunlukta olmadığı görülmüş, bunun sonucunda muhteva, vezin ve kafiye birliğini gerektiren icâze türü şiirlerin tarafların söylediği kesitler itibariyle esnek bir yapısının olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Buna ilaveten bazı icâze örneklerinde vezin ve kafiyeye bağlı kalınmasına rağmen konu değişiminin meydana geldiği de tespit edilen hususlardan biri olmuştur. İki veya daha çok şairin birlikte şiir inşâd etmesi şeklinde temayüz eden icâzelerde genelde edebî bir gayenin ön planda olmadığı müşahede edilirken bazı şairler ise ekleme yaptığı beyitlerde üslup açısından son derece zengin bir anlatım örneği sergilemişlerdir. Araştırmanın vardığı sonuçlar itibariyle vurgulanması gereken bir başka husus öncesinde bir hazırlık yapmaya imkân vermemesi dolayısıyla icâze türü şiirlerin kısa şiirlerden meydana gelmesidir. Şairlerin farklı saiklerle söylemiş olduğu icâze örneklerinde vasıf, hiciv, gazel, şikâyet gibi farklı temaları işlemiş olmaları bu şiirlerle ilgili zikre değer bir başka özelliktir. Netice olarak icâze türü şiirler eskiden beri Arap toplumunda şairin gücünü ve maharetini gösteren, yaşanılan ortamın edebî zevkini yansıtan, toplumun sosyokültürel yapısına dair önemli veriler ihtiva eden bir şiir türü olarak tebarüz etmiştir. (shrink)

Being a stranger has become a global definition due to the migrations caused by the wars and unemployment in the Middle East and the perceptions of Islamophobia and Islamic terrorism prevailing in the West. In Alfred Schutz’s essay The Stranger, he deals with this issue in terms of orientation and adaptation problems and gives information about this concept by making use of different examples. Mahir Guven also rehandles the concept of the stranger in his novel Older Brother (Grand Frère) by (...) building on the story of an immigrant family. Older Brother is a contemporary and political novel. It tells of two brothers in their thirties who grew up in a multicultural family (Turkish mother, Kurdish father, and two brothers; one is a half‑Syrian taxi driver, and the other is a half‑French surgical nurse) in the suburbs of Paris. The novel interrogates concepts such as nationality, belonging, family ties, culture, identity, immigration, and foreignness through the eyes of the characters. Starting from the problem of being a stranger, which has become a big problem with the effect of increasing immigration movements, we will try to examine the novel Older Brother from Alfred Schutz’s point of view approach to this matter. (shrink)

One of the important areas where the development of Islamic calligraphy can be observed is the tombstone inscriptions. As a reflection of the evolution of calligraphy in the 18th and 19th centuries of the Ottoman Empire, tombstone inscriptions also began to contain high artistic value. Especially the epitaphs of the tombstones belonging to the noble families, state officials and the people of the palace, combined with the fine workmanship, became works of art. These examples are important records for art history (...) as they mostly contain signatures and dates. Gravestones, which are important in many aspects, especially art, literature and history, are mostly open to the public and therefore to destruction. This situation makes it necessary and meaningful to evaluate historical gravestones in a multi-faceted way and to reveal their value. Therefore, serious research on gravestones is extremely valuable. This article is about the gravestones signed by calligraphers of the cemetery belonging to the Yahya Efendi Complex in Istanbul-Beşiktaş. The study includes the analysis of the data collected before the 2009-2013 restoration, considering the current situation of the cemetery. The cemetery is home to tombstones with high artistic value due to the importance of the buried people. There are over two thousand tombstones in the cemetery, which has an important place within the social complex. Some of these stones attract attention with their decorations and stone workmanship, as well as their inscriptions, which are rare examples of calligraphy art. Among these inscriptions, seventy-nine samples signed by calligraphers were found and these samples were examined within the scope of the article. It is possible to see the prominent artists of the last period among the calligraphers whose works are found in the cemetery. Yahya Efendi Cemetery is home to the signed epitaphs of twenty-seven different calligraphers, mainly Aziz Efendi, Sâmi Efendi, Şefik Efendi, Şevki Efendi, Hulusi Efendi, İzzet Efendi, Nuri Korman, Arif Efendi and Halim Özyazıcı. (shrink)

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar feels the civilization crisis in his soul like the most of the intellectuals who witnessed the last days of the Ottoman State and the establishment of the Republic. This uneasy intellectual of the Republic tries to find peace with a reasonable synthesis, such as changing to continue and continuing to change. The soul of time and space pervades every line that comes out of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's pen. In his poem Time in Bursa (Bursa’da Zaman), which deals (...) with Ottoman life manifestations, is written to Bursa, known for its profound influence on the Tanpınar, where the synthesis of culture is seen on each corner. To comprehend Tanpınar’s poetry, it is necessary to think about time, space, memory, history, dream and imagination. These concepts take place in the lines of the Tanpınar as a call to the forgotten social identity. It is certain that imaginative memory has a collective dimension. The cultural memory that transcends individual life and becomes historical re-establishes the past by way of recollection. At this point, memory holds on to time and space against forgetting. For this reason, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar looks at time and space with another perspective. The poet, aware of the interaction of time and space with memory, attributes a symbolic meaning to these concepts. In this study, time and space perception of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar will be sketched out from the poem of Time in Bursa and the world of feeling and thought that shapes his works will be tried to be determined. (shrink)

Dürziler, gerek itikadi açıdan gerekse de hukuki prensipleri bağlamında Osmanlı-Hanefi ideolojisi dışında kalan bir cemaatti. Bununla birlikte Dürzi liderler 19. Yüzyılın başlarına kadar devletin Cebel-i Lübnan’daki idari tem-silcileri olarak siyasi otoriteyi ellerinde tutmayı başardılar. Bunun yanı sıra geleneksel hukuklarını da koruyan Dürziler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin sosyal yapısını oluşturan Millet Sistemi içinde farklı bir pozisyonda kimlik edindiler. Tanzimat reformlarının Cebel-i Lübnan’da uygulanmaya başlaması ise Dürzilerin kimlik tanımlarında siyasi paradigmaların dışına çıkmalarına sebep olmuş, Osmanlı kimliğini İslami terminolojiyle tamamlamak adına hareket eden cemaat, hukuki (...) statülerini bir meşruiyet aracı olarak kullanmaya başlamış ve devletin değişen reformist duruşu karşısında farklı bir hukuki yer edinmeye çalışmışlardı. Bu çalışma, Cebel-i Lübnanlı Dürzilerin Osmanlı Devleti’nin son zamanlarında ortaya çıkan kimlik problemine bakışlarını ele almakta, cemaatin meşruiyet kaygılarına karşı aldığı tedbir ve devletin hukuk politikasını incelemektedir. Araştırmada kendi kaynaklarında ve Osmanlı arşivinde yer alan bazı Dürzi davalarından örnekler verilerek cemaatin iç hukukuna değinilmiş, ayrıca devletin mezhep siyasetinde izlediği yöntemin Dürziler üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. (shrink)

This study tries to show the relation between technê and the ethical sphere in the Ancient Greek through mythology and the philosophical literature. Both in mythology and in the philosophical framework the benefits of technê and the power provided by technê for humanity are emphasized. And technê is considered as competence increases the control of human beings in practical areas. However, the ambiguous character of the human experience related to technê and the morally problematic character of this field is also (...) pointed out in the literature. Because, if not controlled, technê has a potential to turn easily against humanity and to produce things that would harm human beings. At this point, ethical values have a crucial role in the control of technê. Technê as a type of knowledge which gives how to do things and how to control the environment but does not give why something is to be done and cannot give an ultimate goal should be subject to higher spheres in the philosophical framework. Therefore technê is subject to ethical and ultimately metaphysical sphere. (shrink)

In this paper, we study the relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Using an extensive dataset from 23 countries consisting of 6800 firm-year observations, we provide strong evidence that EPU increases firms’ CO 2 emissions. Our main inference is robust when using alternative measures of CO 2 emissions and EPU, alternative econometric specifications and samples, and several approaches to control for possible endogeneity. In a set of additional analyses, we first show that a (...) board’s characteristics (i.e., board gender diversity and board independence) significantly moderate the studied relationship. Second, cross-country characteristics (i.e., government effectiveness, control of corruption, and democracy) seem important in the relationship between EPU and CO 2 emissions. Our findings significantly contribute to the debate on firms’ ethical responsibility in managing climate change and CO 2 emissions. (shrink)

Precision medicine (PM) and genomics are increasingly scrutinized through the lens of health inequities. This is a welcome development for a field that, while concerned with health-related differen...

In today’s marketing conditions, it becomes really vital for companies to establish an appropriate relationship with suppliers and salesperson based on ethical values in order to survive. Besides, ensuring an effective relationship between the parties would contribute to increase buyer satisfaction along with economic and social satisfaction. In this study, the direct effects of suppliers’ and salespersons’ unethical behaviors on buyer satisfaction, and the moderator effect of communication between buyer–supplier relationships are examined. The results of the study have revealed that (...) unethical behaviors of suppliers and salesperson affect buyer satisfaction negatively and the communication variable has moderately affected. The results are providing important advantages for buyers who want to improve the relationships between the suppliers and their salesperson for pharmaceutical enterprises. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to examine the distribution of news related to nanoscience and nanotechnology published in Turkish newspapers between 2011 and 2018. Nine Turkish newspapers selected using criterion sampling were investigated and the document analysis method was used to analyze them. The electronic archives of the newspapers were used to collect data and the word “nano” was used as a keyword. The obtained data were analyzed with the content analysis technique. While analyzing the news stories, categorization was (...) performed according to four main variables: distribution by years, the newspaper section, the approach in the content of the news stories, and the content of the news stories. As a result, it was seen that there has been an increase in the number of nano-news stories in Turkish newspapers over the years, the news stories are mostly included in the “local” section of the newspapers, and the general approach is positive. In the categories formed according to the content of the news stories, the number of news stories related to the production and commercial applications of nanotechnology was higher compared to the others. In an international comparison, it should also be mentioned that the topic of risk plays a subordinate role in the newspapers examined. (shrink)

Conley and colleagues (2023) explore how calls for broad public engagement (PE) in the case of heritable human genome editing are being put into action, reviewing the activities of five different i...

There are limitations of obstetric estimation of neonatal outcome in extremely premature newborns. Predicting outcomes, survival, and morbidity are often uncertain, such as in cases of extreme prematurity, certain fetal anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction, and intrauterine infection. Informed consent, truth telling, the maternal–fetal conflict, decision making, and the fetus as a patient are the most important issues of obstetric and neonatal ethics. Because the boundary between utility and futility is not clear, the best interest of the mother, the fetus, and (...) the newborn will be subject of discussion every time. Here, we report a case of obstetric patient to discuss. (shrink)

Supercommentary on Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā of Vācaspatimiśra, commentary on Uddyotakara's Nyāyavārttika, exegesis on Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya, commentary on Gautama's Nyāyasūtra, expounding the Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy.

Mind &Language, Volume 34, Issue 5, Page 667-680, November 2019.

Gloss on Nyāyabhāṣya of Vātsyāyana, a commentary on Nyāyasūtra of Gautama.

Gloss on a classical work on Nyāya philosophy; includes Nyāyasūtra of Gautama.

Study of the Prāmāṇyavāda, work on dealing with the concept of authenticity of proofs (prāmāṇyavāda) in Navya-Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy by Harirāmatarkavāgīśa, 17th century philosopher; includes complete text in Sanskrit.

Study of the Prāmāṇyavāda, work on dealing with the concept of authenticity of proofs (prāmāṇyavāda) in Navya-Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy by Harirāmatarkavāgīśa, 17th century philosopher; includes complete text in Sanskrit.

Basic work, with commentary and supercommentary, of neo-Nyaya school in Indic philosophy; portion of Tattvacintāmaṇi dealing with the concept of authenticity of proofs (prāmāṇyavāda).

Study of Dīdhitiprakāśikā of Gadhādharabhaṭṭācārya, 17th/18th cent., commentary on Pramāṇyavāda, portion of Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gaṅgeśa, dealing with the concept of authenticity of proofs).

Supercommentary on Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya, commentary on Nyāyasūtra of Gautama, basic work expounding the Nyaya philosophy.

17th century eight small treatises on Navya Nyāya philosophy.

Interpretation of Hetvābhāsasāmānyanirukti of Gaṅgeśa, 13th cent., treatise on Nyaya philosophy; based on other classical commentaries.

Supercommentary on portion dealing with the concept of authenticity of proofs and logic (Prāmāṇyavāda) of Tattvacintāmaṇyāloka of Jayadevamiśra, commentary on Tattvacintāmaṇi, work on Navya-Nyāya by Gaṅgeśa, 13th cent.; based on rare manuscript; includes text of Prāmāṇyavāda and Tattvacintāmaṇyāloka.

On various aspects of Hindu philosophy; papers presented in three seminars.

Anayltical study of epistemology in Indian philosophy.

Vedanta philosophical school and sects; critical study.

Basic work of the neo-Nyaya school in Hindu philosophy; portion dealing with validity of knowledge.

Basic work, with classical commentary, of the Nyaya school in Indic philosophy.