In _The Enigma of Art. On the provenance of Artistic Creation_ Gino Zaccaria offers a meditation on art in light of its ancient Greek sense and of its task inaugurated by “artist-thinkers” like Cézanne, Boccioni and van Gogh.

Diz o ditado que "quem não gosta de samba, bom sujeito não é: ou é ruim da cabeça ou doente do pé". Os filósofos tradicionalmente são doentes do pé e muitos deles certamente são ruins da cabeça. Isso parece tornar o tema desse livro pouco viável. Entretanto, tentamos mesmo assim. Afinal gente ruim da cabeça também é inconsequente. Na verdade, esse livro é a continuação do desejo compartilhado por seus diversos autores de aproximar a filosofia da cultura brasileira. E nada (...) melhor para tornar esse diálogo palpável do que o motivo fornecido pelo samba. Afinal, ele é uma de nossas manifestações nacionais mais típicas, difundidas e que tem sobrevivido a várias transformações ao longo do tempo. Através desse livro, esperamos ter nos tornado menos doentes do pé e menos ruins da cabeça -- apesar de quase todos gostarem de samba. (shrink)

Educazione o sublimazione estetica? : il "bello" in Schiller -- Dionisio contro Socrate : la "Nascita della tragedia" di Nietzsche.

The relatedness between a country or a firm and a product is a measure of the feasibility of that economic activity. As such, it is a driver for investments at a private and institutional level. Traditionally, relatedness is measured using networks derived by country-level co-occurrences of product pairs, that is counting how many countries export both. In this work, we compare networks and machine learning algorithms trained not only on country-level data, but also on firms, which is something not much (...) studied due to the low availability of firm-level data. We quantitatively compare the different measures of relatedness, by using them to forecast the exports at the country and firm level, assuming that more related products have a higher likelihood to be exported in the future. Our results show that relatedness is scale dependent: the best assessments are obtained by using machine learning on the same typology of data one wants to predict. Moreover, we found that while relatedness measures based on country data are not suitable for firms, firm-level data are very informative also for the development of countries. In this sense, models built on firm data provide a better assessment of relatedness. We also discuss the effect of using parameter optimization and community detection algorithms to identify clusters of related companies and products, finding that a partition into a higher number of blocks decreases the computational time while maintaining a prediction performance well above the network-based benchmarks. (shrink)

Uma concepção de cosmopolitismo, de base eurocêntrica, é questionada por pensadores como K. A. Appiah, Walter Mignolo, Silviano Santiago entre outros, para buscar possíveis ressemantizações do termo no contexto contemporâneo, marcado pela globalização, pelo multiculturalismo e pela expansão das novas tecnologias de comunicação. Considerando esse confronto de noções de cosmopolitismo, indaga-se como se deu a interpretação do Brasil no início do século XX, quando recrudesceram as tensões entre cosmopolitismo e nacionalismo. Busca-se, por outro lado, confrontar tais interpretações com as que (...) surgem no início do século XXI, quando a nação vai deixando de ser o centro de um sistema de significação, em tempo heterogêneo e de globalização, em que se pode falar em “cosmopolitismo do pobre” (cosmopolitismo do subalterno), como formulou Silviano Santiago. (shrink)

Annotated logics were introduced by V.S. Subrahmanian as logical foundations for computer programming. One of the difficulties of these systems from the logical point of view is that they are not structural, i.e., their consequence relations are not closed under substitutions. In this paper we give systems of annotated logics that are equivalent to those of Subrahmanian in the sense that everything provable in one type of system has a translation that is provable in the other. Moreover these new systems (...) are structural. We prove that these systems are weakly congruential, namely, they have an infinite system of congruence 1-formulas. Moreover, we prove that an annotated logic is algebraizable (i.e., it has a finite system of congruence formulas,) if and only if the lattice of annotation constants is finite. (shrink)

There is a debate in philosophy and cognitive science over whether concepts – the building blocks of thought—are couched in a perceptual modality or are amodally represented. The empirical evidence so far collected seems not to have adjudicated this question yet, as reinterpretation of the same set of evidence by both supporters of modalism and amodalism have been provided. I offer a critique of such reinterpretations, arguing that they ultimately derive from theoretical problems in the definition of a modal representation. (...) In particular, I will review three criteria which have been offered to distinguish amodal concepts from modal ones: the isomorphism criterion, the neural location criterion, and the input specificity criterion. I will explain how these criteria often lack theoretical clarity, making it possible in most cases to propose a parsimonious explanation of the same set of data from both an amodalist and a modalist perspective. As a result, it becomes impossible to empirically discriminate between the two interpretations. My conclusion is that the main problem with the discussed criteria is that they frame the question on the format of concept as an either/or debate, by overlooking more interesting empirical questions. (shrink)

This article is a belated contribution to a Common Knowledge symposium on the “unanticipated conceptual practice” of “anthropological philosophy.” The basic argument is that the groundwork for this emerging approach, associated foremost with Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's book Métaphysiques cannibales of 2009, was laid in the 1970s by the controversial French anthropologists Pierre and Hélène Clastres. It is argued that the Clastres took the intellectual practices of Guarani shamans and prophets as analogous to the those of ancient Greek philosophers but (...) also as sharply critical of the principles that underlay early Western metaphysics. (shrink)

The Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment series, previously known as SVEC (Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century), has published over 500 peer-reviewed scholarly volumes since 1955 as part of the Voltaire Foundation at the University of Oxford. International in focus, Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment volumes cover wide-ranging aspects of the eighteenth century and the Enlightenment, from gender studies to political theory, and from economics to visual arts and music, and are published in English or French.

One important discussion raised in this special issue on the ethical spectrum of consciousness involves the possibility of providing machines with human mind-like capabilities to the point of allow...

We introduce a family of matrices that define logics in which paraconsistency and/or paracompleteness occurs only at the level of literals, that is, formulas that are propositional letters or their iterated negations. We give a sound and complete axiomatization for the logic defined by the class of all these matrices, we give conditions for the maximality of these logics and we study in detail several relevant examples.

Se, por um lado, o pensamento filosófico não pode submeter-se a nenhum desígnio que lhe seja extrínseco, sob pena de se negar, por outro, não pode alhear-se do espaço-tempo onde emerge e se afirma como tal. Tornou-se entretanto urna evidência que Portugal está hoje num processo de viragem estratégica. Depois de, no rescaldo da descolonização, ter apostado tudo na integração europeia, voltando as costas ao espaço lusófono, importa agora que, Portugal, sem voltar as costas à Europa, aposte de novo na (...) convergência lusófona, ou seja, no reforço dos laços com os restantes países e regiões do espaço da lusofonia. A nosso ver, os estudos filosóficos a realizar em Portugal devem ter em conta essa viragem estratégica, promovendo-a na sua área. A Universidade Portuguesa tem, a esse respeito, uma acrescida responsabilidade. Ela deve liderar, no plano reflexivo, essa viragem estratégica. Se não o fizer, a Universidade Portuguesa condenar-se-á à irrelevância. Não há aqui meio termo – ou ela assume a responsabilidade de liderar, no plano reflexivo, essa viragem estratégica em prol da convergencia lusófona ou ela falha, por inteiro, a sua missão. Por isso lembramos aqui o pensamento de Agostinho da Silva. Philosophical thinking can not submit to any plan that is extrinsic to it, for it cannot distance itself from the space-time from which it emerges. It has now become quite evident that Portugal is now in the process of a strategic change. Once, in the aftermath of decolonization, having waged everything on European integration and turning its back to Lusophone countries, Portugal must now, without rejecting Europe, bet again on Lusophone convergence, i.e., the strengthening of ties with other countries and regions of the Lusophone space. In our view, the philosophical studies to take place in Portugal should take into account of this strategic change. A Portuguese university has, in this respect, an increased responsibility. It should lead in this strategic change in the domain of philosophical reflection. If not, the Portuguese university will condemn ourselves to irrelevance. There is no middle ground here – either it assumes the responsibility to lead in this area, or it will fail in its mission. It is in this context that we remember the thought of Agostinho da Silva. (shrink)

Neste artigo, examino a duplicidade de sentidos que a tese pluralista “os seres são múltiplos” ou “se há múltiplos seres” comporta: pode significar uma multiplicade numérica, isto é: a tese de que há mais de uma coisa no mundo, assim como pode significar que uma mesma coisa possui mais de um atributo. Incialmente, argumento que Sócrates estava consciente desta ambiguidade, pois as duas compreensões de pluralismo representam perspectivas complementares de uma mesma posição filosófica. Segundo minha interpretação, o reconhecimento dessa ambiguidade (...) permite melhor entender a crítica de Sócrates ao monismo eleático, sua defesa da Teoria das Ideias e sua distinção entre Formas transcendentes e propriedades imanentes. Estes dois sentidos de multiplicidade farão ainda parte da estratégia utilizada por Parmênides na sua contra-argumentação à solução socrática ao paradoxo de Zenão. (shrink)

In this paper, I defend that the historiographical category of eclecticism is a correct way to describe the epistemology and the exegetical activity of the Anonymous commentator on Plato’s Theaetetus. In addition, I show that the interpretation of the platonic philosophy presented in this text not only presupposes an eclectic philosophical attitude, but also offers a conscious defense of a positive and philosophically relevant form of eclecticism. By eclecticism, I understand a method of inquiry based on the deliberate use of (...) hypotheses and arguments from different philosophical traditions. My claim is that Anon. intends to lay ground of his way of doing philosophy by attributing it to Plato and the platonic tradition. In doing so, Anon. provides us with a positive understanding of eclecticism as a legitimate methodology of philosophical investigation. (shrink)

The article examines Kant's notion of conceptual extension in order to determine a conception of predication that could integrate, in a coherent fashion, basic theoretical commitments of general logic as he conceived it and the central tenets of his transcendental logic. After a brief overview of the several characterizations of thatnotion in the Kantian corpus, I distinguish three interpretative models concerning it in the literature. Such models are criticized and their prospects of integrating Kant's commitments in a fully satisfactory way (...) are rejected. Finally, I sketch an alternative account of Kant's notion of conceptual extension, which respects the criteria of adequacy that guided the examination of the former models. It points, on its turn, to a revaluation of Kant's notion of conceptual content. (shrink)