The epistemological anarchism possesses a double dimension: methodological-epistemic and ethics-politics. Consequence of the first one is that neither definitive rules nor universal laws guide the scientific practice, together with it the acceptance of the concurrence of not rational elements and..

Para el lector ocasional,incluso para el especializado, elnombre de Antonio Rosmini puedeser desconocido. Lo anterior no escasual, hace poco menos de dosdécadas que pendía todavía sobreel ahora beato una condena emitidaen 1887 contra cuarentaproposiciones extraídas de susobras (en su mayor parte póstumasy de algunos escritos publicados envida), por un Decreto doctrinal dela Sagrada Congregación del SantoOficio, situación que desalentó elestudio de su pensamiento porparte de la comunidad cristiana.

Religions are the largest communities of the global society and claim, at least in the cases of Islam and Christianity, to be universal interpretations of life and orders of existence. With the globalization of the world economy and the unity of the global society in the Internet, they gain unprecedented access to the entire human race through modern means of communication. At the same time, this globalization brings religions into conflict with one another in their claims to universal validity. How (...) can the conflict of religions be defused? The speculative, philosophical method of dealing with a religion is a way to present one's own religious convictions in the medium of philosophy and rational discourse. The philosophical approach to religion can serve as the basis of the conversation of the world religions, without dissolving their truth claims. It can reduce dogmatic claims and contribute to overcoming fundamentalism. Philosophy builds bridges between religions. The series A Discourse of the World Religions presents with this volume the fifth and last of the EXPO-Discourses of the World Religions, which took place near the end of the World Exposition EXPO 2000 in Hannover, Germany. The five EXPO-Discourses were held before and during the World Exposition EXPO 2000 in Hannover with the objective of a philosophical-theological dialogue of religions about central themes of their teachings. The series aims at a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in their theological and philosophical propositions. It sees in philosophy a bridge between the religions and a means to overcome religious hostility and fundamentalism and to further the dialogue of the religions. (shrink)

A través de esta obra el autor va respondiendo a diferentes cuestiones sobre la realidad, que va enlazando entre sí, dándoles respuesta y preocupándose por la actualidad socioeconómica a través de las reflexiones y cuestiones filosóficas. Realiza una crítica a la ideología capitalista actual y a los pilares que la sostienen.

Resumen El artículo tiene como principal objetivo demostrar que la historia de Isla de Pascua está presente en la escritura de Pablo Neruda, específicamente en La rosa separada. Propongo que para leer los poemas de este libro es necesario conectarlos con acontecimientos y personajes históricos, pues de esas conexiones nacen nuevas lecturas hasta ahora ausentes en la crítica nerudiana.The main objective of the paper is to demonstrate the presence of Easter Island´s history in Neruda´s writing, mainly in The separate Rose. (...) I propose that in order to read these poems it is necessary to connect them with historic events and characters, because through those connections new readings -until now absent from nerudian criticism- may be born. (shrink)

In the present interview, Dr. Cristóbal Cobo comments on the challenges of education in a digital world, where the academic community finds new ways to teach and learn by turning technology into an ally of these processes, all in order to improve educational quality and to encourage the own investigation of the teaching activity.

As relações entre ciência e religião são complexas. Um dos problemas que se apresentam dizem respeito a por que não constam, na ciência e na história moderna, referências e explicações que apelem a entidades como Deus, anjos e demônios. Duas respostas – entre outras – podem ser dadas ao problema. A primeira é que, dada a natureza da ciência, o sobrenatural está excluído a priori de seu meio. A segunda é que a ciência não contém explicações sobrenaturais, a posteriori, porque (...) tais explicações não se mostraram adequadas durante o desenvolvimento da ciência moderna. Contudo, se não há nenhum impedimento a priori para as explicações sobrenaturais na ciência, sustentaremos, seguindo os argumentos de Dawes e Schick, que a melhor resposta ao problema parece ser a solução a posteriori. Porém, discordamos que sustentar tal posição acarrete o cientismo. Contra o cientismo seguimos os argumentos de Feser. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta una descripción del sistema fonológico del mapudungun hablado por escolares pehuenches de la VIII Región del Bío-Bío. Este sistema fonológico se compara con el que se presenta en las descripciones fonemáticas existentes del mapudungun en general y de la variante pehuenche en particular. Los colaboradores corresponden a un grupo de 20 escolares de entre 12 y 15 años que cursan 7° y 8° año básico en escuelas rurales adscritas al Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) (...) de la comuna de Alto Bío-Bío. Para la recolección del material fonético-fonológico, se elicitó una lista léxica de 64 ítemes y se solicitó a los niños relatar en mapudungun un cuento mapuche. El marco de referencia escogido para el análisis de los datos fue el método descriptivista norteamericano. Esta presentación finaliza con el resumen de los aspectos prominentes de la fonología descrita, una evaluación de los instrumentos utilizados y dos proyecciones a partir de la investigación realizada. This paper presents a description of the Mapudungun’s phonological system spoken by Pehuenche students from the 8th Bío-Bío region. This phonological system is compared to the one that is present in the phonemic descriptions that exist in Mapudungun in general and in the Pehuenche variant in particular. The participants correspond to a group of 20 seventh and eighth graders whose age ranges between 12 and 15, from rural schools that are part of the Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (PEIB) in Alto Bío-Bío. For the phonetic and phonological data, a 64 lexical item list was gathered and participants were requested to tell a short story in Mapudungun. The reference framework selected for the data analysis was the North American descriptive method. This paper ends up with tprominent aspects of the described phonology, an evaluation of the utilized instruments and two projections based on the conducted research. (shrink)

En este artículo describiremos la vitalidad del sistema fonológico del mapudungun hablado por escolares pewenches de la Provincia del Biobío, VIII Región. Específicamente, nos hemos propuesto: a) Determinar los fonos/fonemas, y su fonotaxis, que se relevan como indicadores de vitalidad, b) Identificar las transferencias fonético-fonológicas presentes en la fonología del pewenche hablado por estos escolares y c) Interpretar las transferencias encontradas en términos del grado de vitalidad de la fonología de la lengua. La muestra está conformada por un grupo de (...) 20 escolares bilingües de entre 12 y 15 años de edad, que se encuentran cursando 7° y 8° año básico en escuelas rurales pertenecientes a dos comunidades pewenches del valle del Queuco, en la comuna de Alto Biobío. Para la recolección del material fonológico, se aplicó a los participantes una lista léxica de 65 ítems, material que se complementó con la narración oral en mapudungun de un cuento. Según nuestros datos, hemos podido constatar la existencia de una serie de rasgos fónicos en el mapudungun hablado por los escolares pewenches que obedece a la influencia de las estructuras fonológicas del castellano. Sin embargo, el grado y la difusión de los fenómenos de transferencia se desarrollan de manera heterogénea en ambas comunidades en estudio, debido, entre otros factores, a la intensidad del contacto. In this article we will describe the vitality of the phonological system Mapudungun spoken by Pewenche schoolchildren from the Biobío province, VIII Region. We intend: a) To determine the phones/phonemes, and their phonotactics, which are revealed as vitality markers. b) To identify the phonetic-phonological transferences which are present in the Pewenche spoken by these schoolchildren, and, c) To interpret the transferences found in terms of the degree of the language phonological vitality. The sample is composed of 20 bilingual schoolchildren from 12 to 15 years old, who are in 7th and 8th grade in rural primary schools belonging to two Pehuenche comunities from Valle del Queuco, in the city of Alto Biobío. To collect the phonological material, we applied a 64-item lexical list, which was complemented with the oral narration of a tale in Mapudungun. According to our data, we have been able to verify the existence of a series of phonic features in the Mapudungun spoken by Pewenche schoolchildren, which originate because of the influence of the Spanish phonological structure. However, the degree and spread of the transference phenomena develop in a heterogeneous way in both of the studied communities. due to the contact intensity, among other possible factors. (shrink)

The goal of this essay is twofold. First, it provides a quick look at the foundations of modern relational mechanics by tracing its development from Julian Barbour and Bruno Bertotti's original ideas until present-day's pure shape dynamics. Secondly, it discusses the most appropriate metaphysics for pure shape dynamics, showing that relationalism is more of a nuanced thesis rather than an elusive one. The chapter ends with a brief assessment of the prospects of pure shape dynamics in light of quantum physics.

A partir de un estudio de la “arqueología de los medios” en la producción de imaginarios artísticos, el interés por recuperar de las páginas de la Revista Moderna de México el cuento “En el lago Pátzcuaro” de Rubén M. Campos es mostrar la forma cómo impactó el ferrocarril en la producción de relatos artísticos en el afán de relatar la experiencia poética del viaje a través del territorio nacional. El ferrocarril, como un artefacto productor de miradas, traería consigo un proceso (...) de transformación estética para la producción de reproducciones visuales en la prensa literaria del entresiglos mexicano. Específicamente interesa mostrar este relato como un ejemplo de cómo las tecnologías de la mirada –fotografía e ilustraciones– posibilitan la aparición de propuestas híbridas de representación de la experiencia del viaje, aspecto que aparece ligado al desarrollo del ferrocarril como medio de comunicación y transporte. (shrink)

Sich in diesem Irrgarten zu orientieren, ist das Ziel dieses Buches. Dabei geht es vornehmlich um vier Fragestellungen, zwei philosophische und zwei theologische: 1.

El problema de la paz ha interesado y preocupado a la conciencia universal prácticamente desde sus inicios. No obstante, la historia que nos es conocida se caracteriza por una larga sucesión de conflictos armados que no han traído ni siquiera los atisbos indubitables de su consecución. Así, entre el ecuménico anhelo de la paz y la adversa realidad, preguntamos: ¿es la idea de la paz humanamente posible? Este ensayo aporta una respuesta a esta interrogante desde las reflexiones de Max Scheler. (...) Los dos escritos que muestran con más detalle su postura ante esta problemática, Der Genius des Krieges und der Deustche Krieg y Die Idee des ewigen Friedens und der Pazifismus, respectivamente, ofrecen elementos que podrían concretar la experiencia actual de la guerra, así como la posibilidad de un rotundo estado de paz en el mundo.The problem of peace has interested and concerned to the universal consciousness since its beginnings. However the known history is characterized by a large succession of armed conflicts that hasn’t even brought blinks of its uncontested triumph. Thus, between the ecumenical craving for peace and the opposite reality, we ask: Is it the idea of peace humanly possible? This essay tries to give an answer on this questions from the reflections of Max Scheler. Both writings that show with more detail his position to this problem, Der Genius des Krieges und der Deustche Krieg y Die Idee des ewigen Friedens und der Pazifismus respectively, they both offer elements that could grasp the actual experience of war, as well as the possibility of an absolute state of peace in the world. (shrink)

Barbour’s interpretation of Mach’s principle led him to postulate that gravity should be formulated as a dynamical theory of spatial conformal geometry, or in his terminology, “shapes.” Recently, it was shown that the dynamics of General Relativity can indeed be formulated as the dynamics of shapes. This new Shape Dynamics theory, unlike earlier proposals by Barbour and his collaborators, implements local spatial conformal invariance as a gauge symmetry that replaces refoliation invariance in General Relativity. It is the purpose of this (...) paper to answer frequent questions about (new) Shape Dynamics, such as its relation to Poincaré invariance, General Relativity, Constant Mean (extrinsic) Curvature gauge, earlier Shape Dynamics, and finally the conformal approach to the initial value problem of General Relativity. Some of these relations can be clarified by considering a simple model: free electrodynamics and its dual shift symmetric formulation. This model also serves as an example where symmetry trading is used for usual gauge theories. (shrink)

We asked college students to make judgments about realistic moral situations presented as dilemmas (which asked for an either/or decision) vs. problems (which did not ask for such a decision) as well as when the situation explicitly included affectively salient language vs. non-affectively salient language. We report two main findings. The first is that there are four different types of cognitive strategy that subjects use in their responses: simple reasoning, intuitive judging, cautious reasoning, and empathic reasoning. We give operational definitions (...) of these types in terms of our observed data. In addition, the four types characterized strategies not only in the whole sample, but also in all of the subsamples in our study. The second finding is that the intuitive judging type comprised approximately 26% of our respondents, while about 74% of our respondents employed one of the three styles of reasoning named above. We think that these findings present an interesting challenge to models of moral cognition which predict that there is either a single, or a single most common, strategy – especially a strategy of relying upon one’s intuitions – that people use to think about moral situations. (shrink)

Im Zuge der fortschreitenden Globalisierung der Wirtschaft kooperieren Wirtschaftsakteure immer häufiger mit Partnern in anderen Teilen der Welt, die anderen kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen verpflichtet sind. Dabei treten oft Handlungs- und Normkonflikte auf. Das vorliegende Buch behandelt diese transkulturellen Wertekonflikte aus unterschiedlichen philosophischen und wirtschaftsethischen Perspektiven: Grundsatzfragen der Transkulturalität, wie die Gefahr des Verlusts des Fremden werden ebenso behandelt wie der mögliche Umgang mit transkulturellen Wertekonflikten oder die Frage nach einer ökonomischen Moral. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird auf den Aspekt des Kulturwandels und (...) des Kulturrelativismus gelegt. Konkrete Beispiele und empirische Studienergebnisse, etwa zu den deutsch-russischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, der Wirtschaft in Südkorea oder den Wertedifferenzen in einem multinationalen Unternehmen machen die Beiträge auch für die wirtschaftsethische Praxis relevant. TOC:K. Röttgers: Der Verlust des Fremden.- C. Hubig: Transkulturelle Wertkonflikte im Spannungsfeld zwischen abstrakter Harmonisierung und Anwendungsdissensen.- H. Busche: Was sind transkulturelle Wertekonflikte? Und inwieweit sind sie lösbar?- P. Koslowski: Wirtschaft als Kultur.- B.P. Priddat: Modernisierung einer Relation: Ökonomie/Moral.- J. Wieland: Die Governance kultureller Diversifität. Resultate einer empirischen Studie über die Bedeutung von Werten in deutsch-russischen Unternehmensbeziehungen.- J. Meran: In the long run we all become Americans. Anmerkungen zum Kulturwandel der Multis.- R. Manstetten/M.-Y. Lee: Zugehörigkeit, Verschuldung und Vermittlung. Zur Ordnung wirtschaftlicher Beziehungen in Südkorea.- M. Kettner: Kultur, Kulturrelativität, Kulturrelativismus. (shrink)

We present a new metaphysical framework for physics that is conceptually clear, ontologically parsimonious, and empirically adequate. This framework relies on the notion of self-subsisting structure, that is, a set of fundamental physical elements whose individuation and behavior are described in purely relational terms, without any need for a background spacetime. Although the specification of the fundamental elements of the ontology depends on the particular physical domain considered---and is thus susceptible to scientific progress---, the empirically successful structural features of the (...) framework are preserved through theory change. The kinematics and dynamics of these self-subsisting structures are technically implemented using the theoretical framework of Pure Shape Dynamics, which provides a completely relational physical description of a system in terms of the intrinsic geometry of a suitably defined space called shape space. (shrink)

This research investigates the development of transferable - "adaptive" expertise. The study contrasts problem-solving performance of two kinds of experts (business consultants and restaurant managers) on novel problems at the intersection of their two domains, as well as a group of novices (non-business undergraduates). Despite a lack of restaurant experience, consultants performed better than restaurant managers and undergraduates, even though the problems concerned a restaurant. Process measures suggest this was due to the use of more theoretical reasoning. Analyses show this (...) resulted from differences in work experience and not other factors (e.g., education). We discuss aspects of experience that might be responsible for development of theoretical understanding and, thus, expertise that transfers to novel problems. One possible explanation, consistent with existing research from multiple approaches, is that to transfer to novel problems, experience must include substantive variability. The social context of learning may also play a role. (shrink)

Objective To compare the coping patterns of physicians and clinical psychologists when confronted with clinical ethical dilemmas and to explore consistency across different dilemmas. Population 88 clinical psychologists and 149 family physicians in Israel. Method Six dilemmas representing different ethical domains were selected from the literature. Vignettes were composed for each dilemma, and seven possible behavioural responses for each were proposed, scaled from most to least ethical. The vignettes were presented to both family physicians and clinical psychologists. Results Psychologists’ aggregated (...) mean ethical intention score, as compared with the physicians, was found to be significantly higher =22.44, p<0.001, η2=0.37). Psychologists showed higher ethical intent for two dilemmas: issues of payment and dual relationships. In the other four vignettes, psychologists and physicians responded in much the same way. The highest ethical intent scores for both psychologists and physicians were for confidentiality and a colleague’s inappropriate practice due to personal problems. Conclusions Responses to the dilemmas by physicians and psychologists can be categorised into two groups: similar behaviours on the part of both professions when confronting dilemmas concerning confidentiality, inappropriate practice due to personal problems, improper professional conduct and academic issues and different behaviours when confronting either payment issues or dual relationships. (shrink)

The present study seeks to expand on research concerning the benefits of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) to work-family facilitation (WFF) by integrating the theoretical framework of the attachment personality perspective (Bowlby, 1982). We hypothesized that OCB would enhance WFF for employees having lower levels of avoidance and anxious orientations but reduce WFF for employees with higher levels of avoidance and anxiety orientations. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. Study 1 adopted a cross-sectional design, and Study 2 implemented a (...) diary procedure. In Study 1, employees from a pharmaceutical company completed attachment orientations and WFF questionnaires, whereas their direct supervisors assessed the participants’ OCB. In Study 2, attachment orientations of 108 participants were assessed, with OCB and WFF measures collected over 10 days. Findings from both studies supported our hypotheses relating to avoidance orientations. Performing OCB can enhance WFF, with the effect stronger for employees having lower avoidance orientations. However, findings regarding anxiety orientations were non-significant. A better understanding of the role that attachment orientations play in the OCB - WFF association may facilitate implementing possible interventions that could benefit both the organization and the family. (shrink)

El siguiente artículo propone una presentación del Hip Hop en Chile, comprendido como un movimiento plural que puede ser pensado en términos de tácticas y estrategias de resistencia. Para ello se comienza por una caracterización general de esta práctica considerando sus diversos componentes -música, danza y grafiti- seguida de una descripción de sus orígenes históricos y de su contexto social de emergencia asociado a la segregación y a la estigmatización urbanas. Luego, a partir de la revisión de diversas investigaciones provenientes (...) de la historia y de la sociología se aborda su desarrollo en nuestro país, lo que permite indagar sus singularidades y su poder de contestación en nuestra historia reciente. Posteriormente se trata la cuestión del como un arte popular teniendo en cuenta diversas dimensiones en las que se expresa la capacidad creativa de sus autores y de su comunidad de públicos. Por último se aborda el potencial político del Hip Hop explorando sus posibilidades para ser comprendido como un arte de resistencia que opera tácticamente. (shrink)

En este artículo se examina la situación de los fonemas africados /ʈ͡ʂ/ y /t͡ʃ/ del mapudungun hablado por niños y niñas bilingües de la zona cordillerana de Alto Bío-Bío. En concreto se describe la realización de estas consonantes, comparándolas con las descripciones que se han realizado para los adultos de la zona y se identifican los principales rasgos de variación fonético-fonológica. Los colaboradores fueron 30 niños bilingües mapudungun-castellano, pertenecientes a comunidades del valle del Queuco y del valle del Bío-Bío, cuyas (...) edades fluctúan entre los 10 y 14 años. Según los datos analizados, los niños realizan principalmente variantes tradicionales de estos segmentos; sin embargo, en algunas comunidades se observan rasgos de variación asociados al fonema africado retroflejo áfono que podrían atribuirse al contacto con el castellano. (shrink)

Shareholder value orientation has been introduced as a means to improve the performance of the corporation. The paper investigates the theoretical justification for the claim that increasing shareholder value is the purpose of corporate governance. It demonstrates that shareholder value is the control principle, not the purpose of the firm. The idea that shareholder value is the only goal of the corporation is a mistaken transfer from the financial to the industrial firm. The paper also questions that the merger of (...) manager interests and owner interests introduced by the remuneration of managers by stock options improves the management performance. The self-apportioning of stock options by the management is in danger of becoming a form of insider trading. (shrink)

In this article, I investigate the linguistic practices by which participants in online dating chats become authentic gendered and sexual beings in the virtual world. This process of authentication validates them as members of a specific gender or sexual group, which is a key prerequisite for engaging in the intricacies of online desire and eroticism. Authentication in this context is necessarily a discursive act because of the absence of visual or aural cues, and it takes place through linguistic strategies such (...) as the age/sex/location schema, descriptions of the self, and screen names. The resulting gender and sexual identities are sketches or stereotypes whose value derives from the acceptance of social and cultural discourses on gender and sexuality that are negotiated in the interactions. Authentication, therefore, is not an external process imposed upon people, but the result of specific social practices. (shrink)

I consider a quantum system that possesses key features of quantum shape dynamics and show that the evolution of wave-packets will become increasingly classical at late times and tend to evolve more and more like an expanding classical system. At early times however, semiclassical effects become large and lead to an exponential mismatch of the apparent scale as compared to the expected classical evolution of the scale degree of freedom. This quantum inflation of an emergent and effectively classical system, occurs (...) naturally in the quantum shape dynamics description of the system, while it is unclear whether and how it might arise in a constrained Hamiltonian quantization. (shrink)

This article aims to analyze the problems of defining and classifying explicitly the concept of religion. We agree with the criteria of extensional accuracy, neutrality, phenomenology and non-circularity established by Mark Owen Webb (2009) as suitable for a good philosophical definition of religion. However, all attempts to establish an explicit definition that satisfies these criteria were unsuccessful. We propose a definition of religion less demanding, sustained by Morris Weitz (1956) for literature and applied mutatis mutandis to the concept of religion. (...) Also, the definition can be refined by the prototypical theory as developed by Benson Saler (2000). (shrink)