El paro es un proceso fisiológico e involuntario, que está dirigido por el llamado "cerebro primitivo o arcaico", (que tenemos en común con el resto de los mamíferos), y que segrega las hormonas para que las contracciones uterinas sean eficaces en cada etapa. Dichas hormonas sólo se secretan si la actividad del neocórtex, o "cerebro nuevo", (racional, científico y exclusivamente humano), está reducida, ya que esta actividad inhibe los proceso instintivos e involuntarios que dirige dicho cerebro arcaico.

This article examines the recent Council of Europe Convention on violence against women through the lens of postcolonial feminist critiques. The article argues that, while there is certainly cause for optimism, the Convention still falls into some of the traps identified by postcolonial feminists. The Convention largely circumvents the stigmatising risks that arise from framing certain VAW forms primarily as a problem of some ‘cultures’. Yet dangers linger in the Convention’s approach to ‘honour’ as an unacceptable justification for VAW. Inherent (...) risks also remain in the vulnerability frame through which the Convention views migrant, refugee, and asylum-seeker women. Applied uncritically, these approaches risk re-inscribing images of inherently powerless women victimised by their non-European ‘cultures,’ reminiscent of colonial times. (shrink)

Child-to-parent violence has dramatically risen in the last decade, becoming a concerning issue in many countries, so research on this issue has also increased. However, most of the studies on this topic have been conducted with samples of adolescents, and very few with samples of parents. In addition, the variety of assessment instruments does not reflect the elements of this type of violence. Thus, the current study was aimed to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Child-to-parent Violence (...) Questionnaire, parents’ version, in a sample of Spanish parents of adolescents. Moreover, the prevalence rates of the different types of violence and the reasons for violence were also examined. A total of 1,012 Spanish parents of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years old were assessed using the CPV-Q-P. Data indicated a matrix of four factors with 14 items, assessing psychological violence, physical violence, financial violence, and control/domain over parents, and two factors with 8 items capturing the reasons for child-to-parent violence, with adequate psychometric properties. The more frequent type of violence was control and domain over parents, followed by psychological, financial, and physical violence, with no significant differences between mothers and fathers. Otherwise, instrumental reasons were more frequent than reactive types, with no differences between mothers and fathers. The CPV-Q-P is a useful instrument to assess child-to-parent violence from the parents’ perspective in both professional and research settings. (shrink)

Si durante siglos el Derecho Eclesiástico se identificó con el conjunto de normas emanadas de la Iglesia Católica, considerándose como sinónimo del Derecho Canónico, el proceso histórico de formación del mismo se iniciaría cuando el Estado se considera legitimado para legislar en materias eclesiásticas, defendiendo su propia soberanía frente al monopolio de la competencia del Derecho de la Iglesia, hasta entonces pacíficamente reconocido, fenómeno que se produjo de forma diversa en los países católicos que en aquellos en que triunfó la (...) reforma protestante. Su consolidación como Ciencia jurídica autónoma, primero en Italia y, posteriormente en España, desde la perspectiva actual del Estado moderno, no se explica ya, sin embargo, como el fruto de un intervencionismo estatal en materia religiosa sino sobre la base del reconocimiento, tutela y promoción de los derechos humanos y, en particular, del derecho de libertad religiosa.If the historical training process of the Ecclesiastic Law was begun when the State was considered legitimated to legislate in ecclesiastic matters, defending its own front sovereignty against the monopoly of the domain of the Law of the Church, at present, its consolidation as autonomous legal Science has been possible thanks to the recognition, tutela and promotion of the human rights and, in particular, of the right to religious freedom. (shrink)

Reseña de José Emilio Burucúa. _Vislumbres de un futuro útil y enaltecedor para las humanidades_. Rosario: UNR Editora, 2020.

This volume is both a state-of-the-art display of current thinking on second language development as a complex system. It is also a tribute to Diane Larsen-Freeman for her decades of intellectual leadership in the academic disciplines of applied linguistics and second language acquisition. The chapters therein range from theoretical expositions to methodological analyses, pedagogical proposals, and conceptual frameworks for future research. In a balanced and in-depth manner, the authors provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary understanding of second language development, with a (...) wealth of insights that promise to break the status-quo of current research and take it to exciting new territory. The book will appeal to both seasoned and novice researchers in applied linguistics, second language acquisition, bilingualism, cognitive psychology, and education, as well as to practitioners in second or foreign language teaching of any language. (shrink)

En este artículo se destacan los beneficios de entrenar el perdón. Se profundiza en la comprensión del perdón y los beneficios sobre la salud de los niños y adolescentes destacando las ventajas de perdonar en situaciones de acoso escolar. También se describen algunas propuestas de intervención y se proponen claves a considerar en el desarrollo de programas de intervención educativos.

La tecnologia, nel suo significato moderno, č essenzialmente scienza applicata e come tale si basa su conoscenze teoriche. Anche nel Messico pre-coloniale la tecnologia era presente, come risulta chiaramente dall'esistenza di osservatori astronomici e di calendari molto precisi. Una caratteristica generale di questa tecnologia, per altro, č il fatto che essa implicava una gran quantitŕ di conoscenze scientifiche e notevoli abilitŕ costruttive, ma era inoltre tesa a esprimere un ricco ventaglio di significati riguardanti valori umani, il senso della vita e (...) dell'universo, oltre a concezioni etiche. Ciň viene mostrato attraverso la discussione dei due esempi sopra menzionati, ossia gli osservatori e i calendari. (shrink)

Este trabalho pretende analisar a implementação do Art. 26-A (Lei 9394/96), na escola pública brasileira, buscando contribuir com os debates sobre os desafios que impedem a presença ou não da cultura africana, afro-brasileira e indígena, nos currículos escolares. Analisamos que os pensamentos se transformam em práticas de governamentalidade, para a qual a geopolítica associa-se ao biopoder, catalisando estratégias de controle social. Nesta questão, valemo-nos do conceito da colonialidade do poder para discutir as identidades demandadas e articuladas, e de como o (...) racismo estrutural transita em suas várias dimensões. Assim, o percurso metodológico passa pela análise de artigos sobre o tema, tomando as publicações do ano de 2023, quando a legislação completa 20 anos. A leitura conduz ao pensamento racial de alguns intelectuais sobre a formação social brasileira, concluindo se manter uma prática pedagógica de homogeneidade social e cultural no espaço escolar. Nela, o mito da democracia racial está ainda vigorando como perspectiva histórico-cultural pós abolição da escravidão, engendrando assim uma geopolítica de longa duração, que se faz pela negação das identidades no cotidiano escolar e preservação da ordem social. (shrink)

Leibniz's ideal of philosophical life is based on a unity of the theory of freedom, of ethics and the task of improving the world. Leibniz develops two projects: firsdy, the Socratian task to support all men and all nations in finding the most important truths, and secondly, the practical application of these truths, that is, the joint struggle for a 'realm of reason'.

This article proposes to identify risk factors for moral distress from the literature, validate them through expert analysis and provide the basis for a new tool to assess the risk of moral distress among nurses. Moral distress is related to the psychological, emotional and physiological aspects of nursing. It arises from constraints caused by various circumstances and can lead to significant negative consequences. A scoping review and validation through expert analysis were used. The research question guiding this study was as (...) follows: What is known about risk factors for moral distress in nursing? The research was conducted using multiple sources including electronic databases and lists of references from relevant literature. The final sample consisted of 38 studies. A validation analysis was conducted by experts during December 2014 and June 2015. To exclude a risk factor item, at least 80% of the experts had to agree with the exclusion. In total, 53 risk factors for moral distress were identified, reviewed by the experts and grouped to form a new instrument that may help to identify risk for moral distress and to address its consequences. (shrink)

Proper names interpreted as rigid designators do not allow us to formulate metalinguistic statements of the form ‘NN might not have been named “NN”’. All we can do is to show what we are trying to say. But we cannot properly formulate such a metalinguistic statement about a rigid name. The rigidity of the name establishes a relationship with its bearer that is much stronger than the contingent relationship that is supposed to exist in the natural languages between the name (...) and its bearer. The sentence is intuitively true as expressed in natural languages, but once we translate it, if possible, into Kripkean formal semantics it is false because once the individual is rigidly named, she cannot have been named otherwise; or even worse, as I suspect, the whole sentence is untranslatable, because in Kripkean formal semantics there is no possible world in which she would not have had the name she rigidly has. This problem in Kripkean semantics could well be termed, as Wittgenstein would say, an ineffability. Kripkean semantics makes the actual contingent property anyone has of bearing a proper name ineffable, notwithstanding it is effable in natural languages. Keywords: rigid names, metalinguistic statements, rigid quoted names, ineffability. (shrink)

Today, the skills-based approach is increasingly in demand by companies due, in large part, to the fact that it favors the management of human resources by focusing on individual capabilities; which, finally, improves the job profile of a company. As a result, choosing the right candidates has become increasingly selective. Universities, therefore, need to teach skills to improve the incorporation of graduates into the workplace making it as successful as possible. For this reason, it is of special relevance to know (...) if college students consider that the acquisition of skills is key for their incorporation into the workplace. The main objective of this study was to analyze and compare the importance assigned to the acquisition of basic skills in the university education of 694 students studying four different bachelor degrees: pedagogy, early childhood education, primary education, and psychology. For this purpose, a Likert-type questionnaire on basic skills was distributed with four possible options and the following five dimensions that grouped basic skills: organizational and planning capacity; access to information sources; analysis and synthesis of texts, situations, and people; teamwork; and problem solving. The results show that as a whole all students across different bachelor degrees gave a high score to the acquisition of basic skills, with early childhood education students giving it greater importance compared to the students from other disciplines and, more specifically, differences were observed in some dimensions depending on the bachelor degree that they have started. (shrink)

Malraux's writing forcefully poses the problem of the relations between the real and the imaginary, between action and its representation, between poetry and truth. As this article will show, André Malraux found in his trip to China the inspiration for a new process of artistic creation that culminates in his work Antimémoires, where action and history build the guiding thread of a metaphysical and mythological travel story. Our analysis will show how his life and his work, deeply united, are the (...) two forms of an intense organization of himself, life constructed as work and work narrated as life. (shrink)

The origins of the legend of Anju and Zushio, children cruelly torn from their mother and sold to Sansho, are lost in the Middle Ages, but it was “Ôgai” Mori Rintarô who gave it literary status when he published the historical tale Sansho dayu in 1915. The analysis details the important symbolic role played by birds in freedom and the hunting of birds. The bird, symbol of freedom and autonomy. In parallel, an antagonism, the hunting of birds. Death and the (...) bird complement a bipolarity of symbolic content present throughout the work. (shrink)

Esse artigo pretende responder à seguinte pergunta: Emoções e sentimentos são necessários para a moralidade? Essa questão será desdobrada em três outras: 1) Emoções e sentimentos são necessários para a determinação do correto moralmente?; 2) Emoções e sentimentos são necessários para a motivação moral?; e 3) Emoções e sentimentos são necessários para a ação moral? Para responder a essas questões, usa dois modelos distintos: o de Prinz, tal como apresentado no livro The emotional constructions of morals e o de Kant. (...) Tenta mostrar que Prinz responde positivamente às três questões e que há dois modelos possíveis de compreender a teoria kantiana, que dariam respostas diferentes às questões 2 e 3. Palavras-chave: Emoção. Sentimento. Moralidade. Prinz. Kant. (shrink)

Frente a las estéticas de la negatividad, tanto H. R. Jauss, como H. G. Gadamer reivindican la función institutiva del lenguaje artístico; de esta manera pretenden volver a vincular la estética y la praxis social. Jauss renegará de la autonomía del arte -desgarramiento del mundo social y del trabajo-, para conectar de nuevo la experiencia estética con la praxis social. Sin embargo, para Gadamer, la autonomía del arte -libertad con respecto a fines representativos- no está reñida con la vida social (...) y su urdimbre valorativa. La obra de arte, para Gadamer, es parte del proceso social en el que los seres humanos realizan su humanidad, reconociéndose en sus obras. En definitiva, Jauss y Gadamer rehabilitan, frente al puritanismo adorniano, la dimensión práctica de la experiencia estética. (shrink)

Durante el siglo XIX la correspondencia no fue solamente el medio más utilizado para transmitir información sino, en muchas ocasiones, el único. Las cartas son un ejemplo de los documentos personales -diarios, memorias, autobiografías o fotografías- que nos muestran la historia vivida en su dimensión más humana. Por su carácter íntimo, no tienen el afán de convencer a terceras personas ni de llevar a la posteridad a sus autores. Son, en su mayoría, epístolas sinceras; algunas en calidad de confesión, obviamente (...) sin firma, otras que relatan las vicisitudes de la vida cotidiana o que informan de algún acontecimiento relevante a familiares o superiores de un monasterio. Esto se puede ver en las cartas que se encuentran en el ramo "Correspondencia de Guardianes del Convento de Guadalupe, Zacatecas", del Archivo Histórico del Convento Franciscano de Zapopan. (shrink)

La teoria della conoscenza può essere intesa in due modi diversi, a seconda di che cosa si intende per conoscenza. In un primo senso, per conoscenza si intende il processo mediante cui conosciamo. In un secondo senso la conoscenza è intesa come il risultato di tale processo, ossia come sinonimo di sapere. Questi due significati sono riflessi nei diversi termini con cui vengono denotati in altre lingue. Mentre una teoria della conoscenza intesa come sapere non ha relazioni significative con le (...) neuroscienze (ma piuttosto con discipline filosofiche come la logica, la metodologia, la semiotica, l'ontologia), una teoria dei processi conoscitivi ha rapporti significativi con le neuroscienze, e fin dall'antichità i filosofi hanno riconosciuto nel cervello il supporto fisico delle attività cognitive superiori. Con ciò, tuttavia, le neuroscienze non possono presentarsi come surrogato di una teoria filosofica del conoscere, in quanto i processi cognitivi debbono essere preliminarmente definiti in sede filosofica, al fine di poter studiare le loro correlazioni (bidirezionali) con fenomeni nervosi. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los conceptos de justicia social y felicidad en la filosofía de Julián Marías con el fin de alcanzar tres metas: comprender su sentido; mostrar cómo pudo llegar a visiones originales de ellos gracias a que su teoría está fundamentada en una metafísica, y alumbrar cómo esta es un método para que podamos seguir pensando. Para ello, se revisan las tres grandes perspectivas filosóficas de Marías –la estructura analítica, la empírica y la de la persona– para indagar qué (...) se entiende por justicia social y felicidad. Asimismo, desde cada uno de estos puntos de vista se buscan las conexiones entre ambos temas. Finalmente se analiza si es verosímil esperar que haya una vida tras la muerte biológica, puesto que, según el filósofo, la perduración es una condición necesaria para que sea posible tanto la verdadera felicidad como la justicia social derivada de ella. (shrink)

Emmanuel Carballo construyó en torno a su nombre un discurso: el de crítico práctico y humanista literario, dos conceptos forjados en el siglo XIX en Inglaterra, aplicables de manera oportuna al crítico literario mexicano más importante del siglo XX.

Para pensar sobre la producción de conocimiento feminista hay que retener los mecanismos reproductivos que han hecho posible que, en la Universidad, se materialicen unas habitaciones propias en las que interactúan parte de quienes producen y transmiten conocimiento sobre un controvertido sujeto de estudio ―la mujer, las mujeres, el género― habitualmente adjudicado a las investigadoras feministas. Este articulo ahonda en una problemática que remite al dualismo producción/reproducción, y a las relaciones de poder ―entre hombres y mujeres, y entre mujeres― tal (...) y como se materializan en el campo de actividad académico. (shrink)

Neste artigo, pretendo analisar o conceito de mal em Kant e sua utilização por comentadores contemporâneos. Apresentarei as críticas e as defesas apresentadas por filósofos contemporâneos sobre a capacidade do conceito de mal de explicar atrocidades contemporâneas, tais como genocídio e terrorismo. Veremos que há duas interpretações: os que consideram que o conceito de mal radical possui capacidade explicativa e os que consideram que tal conceito é impotente para tal.