The myelin basic proteins are a set of peripheral membrane polypeptides which play an essential role in myelination. Their most well‐documented property is the unique ability to ‘seal’ the cytoplasmic aspects of the myelin membrane, but this is probably not the only function for these highly charged molecules. Despite extensive homology, the individual myelin basic proteins (MBPs) exhibit different expression patterns and biochemical properties, and so it is now believed that the various isoforms are not functionally equivalent in myelinating cells. (...) We now think that while the major MBPs are intracellular adhesion molecules, some of the quantitatively less abundant isoforms that are expressed very early in development may have regulatory effects on the myelination program. (shrink)

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de materiales disponibles en revistas electrónicas de la base SciELO con el objetivo de fundamentar la contribución de la Medicina Tradicional y Natural a la Salud Pública cubana y las interrelaciones ciencia-tecnología-sociedad. La perspectiva Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad contribuye a construir una cultura científica para que la población en general pueda llegar a sentirla como propia, lo cual requiere priorizar la aplicación de la Medicina Tradicional y Natural socialmente útil y culturalmente relevante con el compromiso (...) social basado en la erradicación de la pobreza, la armonía con la naturaleza y el desarrollo sustentable. Se enfatizó en la importancia de la medicina preventiva, además de poner en evidencia la necesidad de reconceptualizar la investigación en las ciencias médicas sobre la base de una visión interdisciplinaria que permita revelar fenómenos no explicados hasta el momento, aspecto que necesita del enfoque desde la perspectiva de la ciencia, tecnología y sociedad como complemento esencial. We conducted a bibliographic review of materials available in electronic journals in SciELO base aiming to substantiate the contribution of Natural and traditional medicine to the Cuban public health and the interrelationships of science-technology - society. Science, technology and society perspective contributes to build a scientific culture so the population can in general get to feel it as their own, which requires to prioritize the application of traditional medicine and Natural, socially useful and culturally relevant social commitment based on the eradication of poverty, the harmony with nature and sustainable development. Emphasized the importance of preventive medicine, as well as highlight the need to reconceptualize the research in the medical sciences on the basis of an interdisciplinary view that reveal phenomena not explained so far, issue that needs the approach from the perspective of science, technology and society as essential complement. (shrink)

Refugees can be formed as “subjects” as they navigate forced displacement in countries that are not their own. In particular, everyday life as the politicized Other, and as humanitarianism’s depoliticized beneficiary, can constitute them as political subjects. Understanding these produced subjects and subjectivities leads us to conceive of forced displacement – or “refugeedom” – as a human condition or experience of political (sub)alterity, within which inhere distinctive subjectivations and subjectivities. Drawing on fieldwork in Beirut, Lebanon, we use young Syrian and (...) Iraqi refugees’ experiences with everyday racism, violent bullying and racialized discrimination as heuristic lenses with which to see displacement’s political subjects and subjectivities. We argue that the young refugees emerge as both political and moral subjects through core and defining struggles within – and against – these politicizing constraints. We interpret their struggles as ambivalently and dynamically situated within humanitarianism’s and racism’s subjections and subjectivities. Yet we also found that occasionally the young refugees could eclipse these produced subjectivities to claim repoliticized subjecthoods distinct from those of humanitarianism and outside displacement’s normal politics. We interpret these in Rancièrian terms as “political subjectivation.” Abstracting our findings, we offer a simple theoretical architecture of refugeedom’s subjectivations, subjects, and subjectivities as comprising humanitarianism’s rights-bearing or juridical subject; the vulnerable and resilient, innocent and suffering subject; and the Othered or racialized subject, formed through the exclusions of displacement’s politicized spaces. But we also conceive refugeedom as a space of values, and so the ground on which moral meaning and significance attach to agency and subjectivity. (shrink)

Este artículo intenta rastrear una de las vértebras centrales del pensamiento Nietzscheano que ha sido tratada de modo tangencial, a saber, sus interpretaciones sobre la formación humana. En ese orden de ideas aborda una lectura de algunas de las críticas y propuestas sobre la educaciónque se encuentran en Schopenhauer como educador y El futuro de nuestras instituciones educativas,conferencias presentadas por Nietzsche entre enero y marzo de 1872, desde una perspectivapsicológica que se expresa en la doctrina de los impulsos nietzscheana. La (...) primera parte del artículose adentra a una interpretación detenida de la propuesta formativa de carácter psicológico delindividuo como unidad de estilo que Nietzsche presenta en la segunda sección del Schopenhauereducador. La segunda parte pone de relieve el valor crítico y propositivo que tiene la tesis con cabeza de Jano, con la cual Nietzsche articula su interpretación de la tarea cultural de la educación en Sobre el futuro de nuestras instituciones educativas. Este proyecto que Nietzsche presenta a laeducación resulta abrirse campo hasta nuestros días y resulta ser aún una perspectiva valiosa y crítica para interpretar las altas tareas culturales de nuestra educación, así como también permitiría fundamentar una base plausible de interpretación para rastrear el papel de la educación en ladoctrina de Nietzsche. (shrink)

This paper deepens the knowledge of the hospital and brotherhood of the Resurrection, founded by the moriscos of the Albaicín. Using unreleased documentation from the Historical Archive of Protocols of Granada, the General Archive of Simancas and the Archive of the Alhambra, among others, it traces the history of this institution, so unique, yet relatively unknown, despite its influence in the realm of Granada and its supposed participation in the 1568 rebellion. Special attention is paid to the social profile of (...) the brotherhood members, also mostly members of the group known as “the rich men of the Albaicín”. (shrink)

Octavio Paz fue un lúcido intérprete de su siglo. Este trabajo explora aspectos decisivos de su propia definición como poeta y ensayista, así como de su trayectoria creativa y crítica, altamente representativa de las transformaciones del artista y el escritor contemporáneos. Los ecos de sus experiencias, prácticas de sociabilidad y lecturas, unidos a su sensibilidad y lucidez, hicieron que ya desde sus primeros textos en prosa Octavio Paz contribuyera a la reconfiguración del ensayo como género. Proponemos leer algunos textos del (...) escritor mexicano en diálogo con las reflexiones de varios de los grandes refundadores del ensayo y la crítica en el siglo XX. Su búsqueda de una comunicación profunda entre poesía e historia, su esfuerzo por repensar críticamente la tradición, su exigencia de autenticidad y libertad en el quehacer del escritor, son algunos de los elementos que dieron lugar en sus ensayos a una nueva poética del pensar y a una nueva relación entre conciencia y transparencia. (shrink)

A recent report from the UN makes the case for “global data literacy” in order to realise the opportunities afforded by the “data revolution”. Here and in many other contexts, data literacy is characterised in terms of a combination of numerical, statistical and technical capacities. In this article, we argue for an expansion of the concept to include not just competencies in reading and working with datasets but also the ability to account for, intervene around and participate in the wider (...) socio-technical infrastructures through which data is created, stored and analysed – which we call “data infrastructure literacy”. We illustrate this notion with examples of “inventive data practice” from previous and ongoing research on open data, online platforms, data journalism and data activism. Drawing on these perspectives, we argue that data literacy initiatives might cultivate sensibilities not only for data science but also for data sociology, data politics as well as wider public engagement with digital data infrastructures. The proposed notion of data infrastructure literacy is intended to make space for collective inquiry, experimentation, imagination and intervention around data in educational programmes and beyond, including how data infrastructures can be challenged, contested, reshaped and repurposed to align with interests and publics other than those originally intended. (shrink)

Ernest Gellner’s many writings on the Soviet socialist project sought to come to terms with one of the key sociological and ideological arcs of the 20th century: the rise and fall of a utopian experiment, one that for some served as a kind of proof of principle, whose modern intellectual origins were more than 170 years old at the time of its demise. Gellner loved Russia and spent much time there. And he engaged with its 20th century very deeply, although (...) I think from a very distinctive position outside of the Soviet experience. His analyses of the socialist bloc included attention to Soviet Marxism as a developmental ideology, as a secular religion that sacralized the everyday, leaving no room for a certain kind of civil society; and he offered the outlines of an account of its failure – from its revolutionary heroism through the cynicism of its stagnation to the possibilities and constraints of so-called post-socialist space. Along the way, Gellner’s insistent critiques of Soviet Marxism – of both its theoretical and actually-existing varieties – were powerful, sometimes polemical, and latterly self-critical. So what can we now make of Gellner’s rich analyses of the utopia that failed? This paper offers relative departures from pieces of Gellner’s intellectual trail, in the hope that at least part of the significance of the 20th century lies within the lessons that we draw from the utopia that failed. (shrink)

Defining a class of sets to be uniform Δ02 if it is derived from a binary {0,1}{0,1}-valued function f≤TKf≤TK, we show that, for any C⊆DeC⊆De induced by such a class, there exists a high Δ02 degree c which is incomparable with every degree b ϵ Ce \ {0e, 0'e}. We show how this result can be applied to quite general subclasses of the Ershov Hierarchy and we also prove, as a direct corollary, that every nonzero low degree caps with both (...) a high and a nonzero low Δ02 degree. (shrink)

_El espejo enterrado_ (1992) ocupa un lugar clave en la producción ensayística del escritor mexicano Carlos Fuentes y lo confirma como uno de los más notables intelectuales de nuestro tiempo. La obra y la serie documental a ella vinculada se reprodujeron ampliamente para contribuir a la reflexión en torno al significado de los quinientos años del primer viaje de Colón a través del Océano Atlántico, así como también para pensar la posibilidad de una comunidad iberoamericana apoyada en una historia, una (...) lengua, una tradición cultural y un imaginario compartidos. Este ensayo de interpretación de la vida de América y España se piensa a su vez como una biografía de nuestra cultura y una autobiografía intelectual del propio autor. Fuentes encontró en un año tan significativo como 1992 una oportunidad dorada para escribir la biografía de una cultura que consideró unida por el que llamó “Territorio de la Mancha”, repensar la relación entre España y América y emprender una nueva valoración de su perfil, su destino y su aporte al concierto de las naciones en una nueva etapa del orden mundial. (shrink)

This article aims at a reflection on the Marxist concept of Ideology as an attempt to understand the transposition from the conscience level to the physical corporality level accomplished by Michel Foucault, as a form of instituting disciplinary power over the individual and also as a means of domination which is more effective than conscience itself.Este artigo objetiva uma reflexão sobre o conceito marxista de ideologia, ao mesmo tempo em que busca entender a transposição do nível da consciência para o (...) nível da corporalidade física, feita por Michel Foucault, como forma de instituição do poder disciplinar sobre os indivíduos, como meio de dominação muito mais eficaz do que a própria consciência. (shrink)

We show that every nonzero Δ20\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Delta^{0}_{2}}$$\end{document} enumeration degree bounds the enumeration degree of a 1-generic set. We also point out that the enumeration degrees of 1-generic sets, below the first jump, are not downwards closed, thus answering a question of Cooper.

The paper examines the contours, features and developments of two faces of pluralism, as well as their interactions. First of all, based on the analysis of the pluralist theories, it underlines that pluralism is not perceived now only as a particular American school of thought, but mostly as a generic concept with meanings and connotations that vary from one epoch to another. Second of all, it scrutinizes the political pluralism in the United States, more exactly the relationship between constitutional pluralism (...) and party pluralism, as well as the pluralism of interest groups. The religious pluralism is seen both as denominational pluralism and as diversity of religious organizations. The paper shows that, in spite of the common ground in the constitutional provisions and much interference in their development, each of the two faces of pluralism has followed its own dynamics. Next, it focuses on the new religious pluralism, which has nourished controversies regarding its effects on democracy in America. Although prestigious scholars have warned that these new challenges face real perils, the author of this paper sides with those who see them less of a threat than an opportunity for democracy to develop new interactions and participative tools, without abandoning its principles and values. (shrink)

Involutive Stone algebras were introduced by R. Cignoli and M. Sagastume in connection to the theory of $n$-valued Łukasiewicz–Moisil algebras. In this work we focus on the logic that preserves degrees of truth associated to S-algebras named Six. This follows a very general pattern that can be considered for any class of truth structure endowed with an ordering relation, and which intends to exploit many-valuedness focusing on the notion of inference that results from preserving lower bounds of truth values, and (...) hence not only preserving the value $1$. Among other things, we prove that Six is a many-valued logic that can be determined by a finite number of matrices. Besides, we show that Six is a paraconsistent logic. Moreover, we prove that it is a genuine Logic of Formal Inconsistency with a consistency operator that can be defined in terms of the original set of connectives. Finally, we study the proof theory of Six providing a Gentzen calculus for it, which is sound and complete with respect to the logic. (shrink)

Cyclin‐dependent kinases are Ser/Thr protein kinases best known for their cell cycle roles, where CDK1 triggers mitotic onset in all eukaryotes. CDKs are also involved in various other cellular processes, some of which, such as transcription and centrosome duplication, are coupled to cell cycle progression. A new study suggests that the mitotic CDK network is active at low levels in non‐dividing, differentiating precursors of multiciliated cells, and that it drives ciliogenesis. Manipulating the activity of CDK1 or PLK1 altered transitions between (...) the amplification, growth, and disengagement phases, in a manner analogous to the control of passage through different phases of mitosis. How the dynamics of the mitotic kinase network are controlled in these post‐mitotic cells, and whether other cell cycle regulators are also involved, remains unknown. In the present mini‐review we suggest that the redeployment of cell cycle regulators to control steps of differentiation in non‐dividing cells might be a more general, hitherto under‐recognized, feature of cell regulation. (shrink)

Maurice Chappaz’s work, a monumental one under many aspects, offers the scholar a rich field for reading the landscape. For Chappaz, the Valais - his birthplace represents everything: landscape and spirituality, affectivity, source of life and of writing, engagement, recognition of the sense of the divine in the human being, in space and in the future, the first and supreme sense of becoming, source of life and of writing, ‘the vine and the bread of any existence’. Sedentary or homo viator, (...) the individual remains essentially linked to a place, to space. A relationship of mutual nourishing, of determination, even of transubstantiation is being created between the human being and space. The space is the man, it comes to life within the man who can only live in relationship with his native land, the matrix-space, equally ‘kingdom of God’ and work accomplished by men. (shrink)

The paper focuses on demonstrating that, in spite of the controversies, lobbying has become an important political communication tool for churches and religious organizations in the United States and in the European Union as well. The American highly regulated lobbying system is compared to the lowly regulated system working at the level of European institutions. The following analysis highlights the differences that the two environments have generated in terms of the main issues and tools used by churches and religious organizations (...) in order to influence policy-making, mainly in the framework of the pluralist - corporatist dichotomy. While the American religious lobbying has been very efficient in influencing the public policy regarding issues like the health care reform, immigration, same-sex marriage, abortion etc., the most significant result of the European religious lobbying has been the recognition of religious communities as partners of dialogue for the European institutions. (shrink)

This research characterizes and compares the job satisfaction of fitness professionals in Portugal between genders, ages, professional experience, professional title, and educational qualifications. A total of 401 fitness professionals answered the online questionnaire Job Satisfaction Scale, which has 16 factors rated on a Likert scale with seven levels. The statistical analysis comprises descriptive and statistical tests to compare the results of two or more groups. Overall, the results demonstrated that fitness professionals were moderately satisfied with their work. The lower degrees (...) of job satisfaction were concerning salary, opportunities for promotion, and stability at work. The highest levels of job satisfaction were related to the freedom to choose their work method, their work colleagues, the physical conditions of their workplace, and the opportunity to use their competencies. There were no differences in job satisfaction in terms of gender and a few differences between professional title and between educational levels. Regarding age and professional experience, the results showed significant differences in almost all factors, suggesting that, as fitness professionals get older and more experienced, their job satisfaction is greater. The results of this study suggest that even though fitness professionals are, in general, moderately satisfied with their work, some aspects can be improved by employers to increase their satisfaction levels. Such findings would assist employers in guiding the job satisfaction of their employees with consequent enhancements in the services provided by fitness professionals, which can increase participants’ retention in exercise fitness activities. (shrink)