This paper shows the brain correlates of Cloninger’s personality model during the presentation of social scenarios under positive or negative valence situations. Social scenarios were constructed when participants played the Dictator game with two confederates that had two opposites roles as the cooperator and non-cooperator. Later the same day during a fMRI scanning session, participants read negative and positive situations that happened to confederates in the past. Participants were asked to think “how do you think those people felt during that (...) situation?” A dissimilarity matrix between stimuli were obtained from fMRI results. Results shown that Harm Avoidance trait people make use of right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop. Cooperation as a trait makes use of the right superior temporal gyrus and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in positive social scenarios. Finally, Self-directedness trait people make use of the right inferior parietal lobe to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in negative social scenarios and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and Strangers. An intuitive link between discrimination findings and behavioral patterns of those personality traits is proposed. (shrink)

This book paints a comprehensive portrait of Mexico’s system of assisted reproduction first from a historical perspective, then from a more contemporary viewpoint. Based on a detailed analysis of books and articles published between the 1950s and 1980s, the first section tells the story of how the epistemic, normative, and material infrastructure of the assisted reproduction system was built. It traces the professionalization process of assisted reproduction as a medical field and the establishment of its professional association. Drawing on ethnographic (...) material, the second part looks at how this system developed and flourished from the 1980s up to 2010, its commercialization process, how the expansion of reproductive services took place, and the messages regarding reproductive technologies that circulated within a wide discursive landscape. Given its scope and methods, this book will appeal to scholars interested in science and technology studies, reproduction studies, history of medicine, medical anthropology, and sociology. (shrink)

This article has two objectives: the first, to analyze the professionalization process of assisted reproduction (AR) in order to see how AR is consolidating into an independent field within medicine, and the second, to see how AR arrived and was assimilated into Mexican culture. As opposed to other projects that have traced back the story of a particular specialty to see how it emerged as such, this article looks at an ongoing process: specialization in action. By analyzing the data collected (...) through three years of multisited ethnography using tools offered by the sociology of professions and the history of medical specialization, I identify specific moments in which AR is gaining cognitive, normative, and evaluative consolidation, structure, and independence. This leads me to suggest that AR might separate from gynecology and become an independent specialty within medicine. I offer examples to support this argument and show how AR has developed into a biomedical service, a professional biomedical field, and a biomedical business. (shrink)

O espaço geográfico é uma categoria da ciência geográfica que possibilita uma acentuada e complexa possibilidade de refletir a coletividade social, sendo que neste desafio são trazidas à tona inúmeras perspectivas de análises da relação homem-natureza. Dessa feita, o presente estudo elabora uma breve discussão acerca do espaço geográfico enquanto uma ferramenta de análise das relações sociais, além de evidenciar a sua centralidade no interior da Geografia. Ao longo do estudo estão colocadas algumas concepções teóricas desta categoria geográfica, com destaque (...) para os entendimentos elaborados pela Geografia Crítica, uma reflexão que propõem a necessidade de se politizar os sujeitos por intermédio do ensino, com destaque para os conteúdos geográficos ensinados por seus respectivos professores desde os primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. A busca aqui foi a de confirmar a capacidade que a Geografia possui em se utilizar do próprio espaço geográfico na qual os alunos estão inseridos enquanto materialidade para uma concepção própria de mundo, sendo que através desta conquista, se permite compreender e pensar a construção de uma sociedade pela e para a própria coletividade envolvida. É esta a grande questão discorrida no presente ensaio, pensar uma proposta de ensino na geografia que politize os sujeitos, permitindo assim a formação de sujeitos ativos e cientes do seu papel no mundo. (shrink)

Patina is the word used for the green or brown film formed on the surface of old bronze, an excess of which can mask the true characteristics of the original masterpiece. Filippo Baldinucci used the word patina in a modern sense for first time in his book “Tuscan Vocabulary of the Art of Design”. Metaphors have been part of philosophical speech since the time of Plato. This figure of speech is used to attempt to provide a sensitive presence of an (...) idea to improve understanding and to make a more vivid perception of that concept. On analysing the creative process of contemporary re-search on health topics and its further dissemination, we defend the epistemological thesis that there is always some degree of patina on an original article and this may obscure the underlying scientific work. Conclusion: We consider that patina in scientific papers is very different from the concept of epidemiological bias. We think that any researcher who reads an original article acts as a restorer of knowledge. If a reader is aware of the existence of scientific patina, that reader will know how to look through it and see the masterpiece hidden underneath. (shrink)

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

The primary goal of the present research was to determine the order of swimmers on a mixed relay team that would ensure the best performance in the Fédération Internationale de Natation World Championships held in Kazan, Budapest, and Gwangju. The data were obtained from database websites for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and 4 × 100 m medley official results,1 including 660 records from 188 entries of finals and 472 preliminary events. The results showed that the fastest swimmers were (...) located primarily in the first or second positions of the freestyle relay. The most successful gender strategy for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and for the 4 × 100 m medley relays was the order male-male-female-female, although no statistical differences were found for the medley relays. In the 4 × 100 m freestyle, the second and third relay legs had a statistical effect on the total relay time, whereas in the 4 × 100 m medley, all four relay legs had a statistical effect on the final performance, the weight of the four strokes being different in heats with respect to the final round. Also, a later position of the first female swimmer or the consecutive position of two female swimmers in the team order significantly affected the relay performance in specific events. Mixed relay events appeared to present specific strategies in comparison to traditional male- or female-only relay lineups. (shrink)

Huge losses and serious threats to ecosystems are common consequences of forest fires. This work describes a forest fire controller based on fuzzy logic and decision-making methods aiming at enhancing forest fire prevention, detection, and fighting systems. In the proposal, the environmental monitoring of several dynamic risk factors is performed with wireless sensor networks and analysed with the proposed fuzzy-based controller. With respect to this, meteorological variables, polluting gases and the oxygen level are measured in real time to estimate the (...) existence of forest fire risks in the short-term and to detect the recent occurrence of fire outbreaks over different forest areas. Besides, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to determine the level of fire spread, and, when necessary, environmental alerts are sent by a Web service and received by a mobile application. For this purpose, integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity of environmental information and alerts are protected with implementations of Lamport’s authentication scheme, Diffie-Lamport signature, and AES-CBC block cipher. (shrink)

The use of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of things to detect forest fire outbreaks may help to reduce the response time and avoid natural disasters. This work proposes the deployment of WSN to enhance the real-time monitoring of dynamic variables such as polluting gases, temperature or the presence of fire flames by infrared. In addition, the activation of forest fire alerts if environmental status may involve evidence of a recent fire outbreak. A fuzzy-based controller is implemented to manage (...) the uncertainty related to estimating forest fire occurrence and dynamic update of fuzzy sets is developed to distinguish usual and unusual environmental conditions of every monitored forest area. Merkle trees, AES and hash functions are considered to protect the integrity of environmental data. (shrink)

The John of Saint Thomas' critique of the suarecian concept of the prime matter The figure of Juan Poinsot is inserted in the movement of return to a Thomism free of nominalist adherences promoted in the Hispanic Thomism by relevant figures of the order of preachers. In this sense must be understood the Poinsot’s critique of some ideas of Scotistic and Ockhamistic origin, present in the metaphysics of Suarez, referred to the ontological status of the material substance, such as: the (...) actuality of matter, the substantial mode of union, the immediate inhesion of the quantity in matter and the idea of entitative extension. (shrink)

O presente artigo se sustenta fundamentalmente em dois textos seminais de Franklin Leopoldo e Silva que representam uma contribuição essencial em meu caminho filosófico e especialmente na compreensão que desenvolvi e continuo desenvolvendo da filosofia bergsoniana. No meu modo de ver, tais textos iluminam, como poucos grandes textos, a originalidade, a importância e a potência de Bergson para o pensamento contemporâneo. Em diálogo com esses dois textos, associo, preponderantemente, textos do próprio Bergson e outros textos de Leopoldo e (...) Silva, procurando assinalar, a partir daí, o valor de suas filosofias em nossa formação ao integrarem pensamento, vida e história. (shrink)

Hablar de ciencia moral es equívoco, pues depende del concepto de ciencia que manejemos, clásico, moderno o contemporáneo. Por otra parte, aun si aceptamos la posibilidad de una ciencia moral, queda pendiente la cuestión de su estatuto epistemológico: si es una ciencia práctica, si es una ciencia especulativa, y, en todo caso, qué relación guarda con la metafísica. En este artículo se examinan estos tres temas en el pensamiento de Santo Tomás de Aquino, teniendo presentes las objeciones que se han (...) planteado dentro y fuera del tomismo. (shrink)

Con una belleza literaria incomparable, la Comedìa refleja la cosmovisión católica que vertebra la Cristiandad medieval, que tuvo su máximo exponente filosófico y teológico en santo Tomás. A lo largo de todo el itinerario poético, vemos la impronta del Aquinate presente en el meollo de la narración. Aquí analizaré cómo la cuestión teológica fundamental del gobierno divino del mundo permea la Comedìa, tanto en su estructura formal como en ciertos aspectos concretos del viaje de Dante. A partir de dicha premisa, (...) estudiaré las consecuencias que ello tiene en ese orden jurídico manifestado en la «arquitectura» del infierno, cuyo dintel es elocuente: «Giustizia mosse il mio alto fattore; / fecemi la divina podestate, / la somma sapienza e ‘l primo amore». Finalmente, abordaré la proporcionalidad de las penas que sufren los condenados, como indicador de la medida natural de los castigos dictados por justicia divina. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e discutir alguns encontros e desencontros existentes entre a epistemologia qualitativa, a fenomenologia e a pesquisa-ação, no que diz respeito à natureza, aos objetivos e procedimentos adotados. Nesse sentido, realizamos uma revisão teórica para identificar as características comuns e divergentes entre as categorias de pesquisa investigadas. Para tanto, buscamos as contribuições teóricas de González Rey acerca da teoria da subjetividade e de sua epistemologia qualitativa, de Moreira e seus estudos sobre a fenomenologia e, (...) por fim, de Thiollent, que apresenta as principais características da pesquisa-ação. (shrink)

Hacemos en el presente trabajo un pequeño recorrido a propósito de las manifestaciones o expresiones de ateísmo y materialismo, popular y culto, a fines del siglo XVIII y dos primeras décadas del siglo XIX, a partir, sobre todo, de los archivos inquisitoriales del Tribunal de Santiago de Compostela o Galicia. empleando una metodología mixta (historia conceptual, antropología cultural, historia de las ideologías, historia de la filosofía, etc.) y en base a fuentes documentales del siglo XIX tomadas del Archivo Histórico de (...) la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (poco conocidas) o del Archivo Histórico Nacional de Madrid (inéditas), arqueológicamente, intentamos reconstruir 25 agitados años de la historia de la cultura gallega, centrándonos muy especialmente en la historia del pensamiento filosófico. (shrink)

A partir de la exégesis de Marcos 8,27, el autor se plantea y responde a la pregunta sobre el significado de Cristo para el hombre de hoy y llega a la siguiente conclusión: Cristo, para el hombre de hoy, como para el hombre de su tiempo, y como para el hombre del próximo milenio, es siempre el mismo, porque es el único camino que conduce al Padre, la única y última revelación del misterio del amor de Dios: es la verdad (...) absoluta que ilumina y da sentido a nuestro camino por este mundo: finalmente, es la vida verdadera, la vida completa y feliz, ya que en el encuentro con él y a través de él nos adentraremos en la vida divina del Padre, del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de la doctrina de santo Tomás sobre los aspectos morales del conocimiento de la verdad. El artículo se estructura en tres secciones. La primera, introductoria, examina la noción de verdad y sus dimensiones gnoseológicas (verdad y juicio). La segunda se ocupa del carácter final de la verdad: bien y fin no sólo del entendimiento sino del hombre. La tercera parte extrae las consecuencias antropológicas y morales de tales afirmaciones, examinando el papel regulativo (...) de las virtudes morales en el conocimiento. Entonces comparece más claramente el tema que da título a este estudio: la necesidad de amar la verdad para hacerse con ella pues la virtud es un ordo amoris. (shrink)

Tras un minucioso análisis de las aprehensiones claras y distintas que las potencias pueden recibir tanto natural como sobrenaturalmente, San Juan de la Cruz descubre que ninguna de ellas es medio proporcionado para la unión mística. Dicho hallazgo conduce al santo al desarrollo de una elevada y recia doctrina: para no impedir la infusión de las virtudes, el espiritual debe ejercitarse en la privación voluntaria de dichas aprehensiones. El presente artículo es una meditación filosófica sobre un tema esencial de la (...) teología espiritual: la purificación de la memoria, durante la noche activa del espíritu. La tesis a demostrar es que la memoria es tanto un sentido interno como una potencia, cuya operación es principio de la unidad de la existencia y fundamento del ethos. (shrink)

Hablar de ciencia moral es equívoco, pues depende del concepto de ciencia que manejemos, clásico, moderno o contemporáneo. Por otra parte, aun si aceptamos la posibilidad de una ciencia moral, queda pendiente la cuestión de su estatuto epistemológico: si es una ciencia práctica, si es una ciencia especulativa, y, en todo caso, qué relación guarda con la metafísica. En este artículo se examinan estos tres temas en el pensamiento de Santo Tomás de Aquino, teniendo presentes las objeciones que se han (...) planteado dentro y fuera del tomismo. (shrink)

This article presents the recent literature about Cathedral of See considered from the History of Arts perspective in São Paulo. After highlight some functional, stylistic and historical data about the building idealized by Brazilian Archbishop Dom Duarte Leopoldo e Silva and designed by German engineer Maximilian Emil Hehl , will be highlighted the most important artistic aspects of architecture and Works of Art gathered in the paulist sacred buildings. The article also highlights the Cathedral in its connection with the (...) history of the city and the Archdiocese of São Paulo. (shrink)

El monoteísmo musulmán insiste en dos aspectos divinos. Por una parte Dios es «todo misericordia», por otra parte es Uno y totalmente diferente del ser humano. La insistencia de los teólogos musulmanes a lo largo de la historia en este segundo aspecto aleja a Dios de los creyentes. El sentimiento religioso de los fieles ha intentado por diversas vías acercarse a la divinidad. Las vías más importantes han sido la mediación del profeta Muhammad y de los santos, así como (...) la vía del diálogo interior de los místicos. (shrink)

The United Nations’ increasing involvement in global sustainability culminated in 2015 with the release of the 2030 Agenda. This agenda puts businesses in the spotlight, and their innovation and stakeholder partnering activities are portrayed as essential strategies for achieving an ambitious set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, we identify six distinct dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies—resilient specialists, opportunity explorers, uncommitted diversifiers, rainbow warriors, rainbow washers, and progressive learners—and distinguish two approaches to innovate, depending on the range of SDG (...) targets aimed to achieve simultaneously. On the one hand, for firms that take a narrow approach intended to achieve a reduced set of SDG targets, we predict that successful dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies are those that end up with an intensive collaboration with a reduced number of stakeholder groups. On the other hand, for firms adopting a broad innovation approach to satisfy a wide set of SDG targets, we predict that successful dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies are those that end up interacting with a wide number of stakeholder groups. Longitudinal analysis of more than 3900 Spanish firms supports our predictions and suggests clear implications for responsible innovation research and the advancement of sustainable development through collaboration. (shrink)

LA ÉTICA DE EDMUND HUSSERL trata de recoger la doctrina ética de Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), con la idea de dar a conocer el contenido moral que encierra la rica obra husserliana. Además, constituye una buena introducción a quienes se aproximan a la filosofía del fundador de la fenomenología, y un buen servicio incluso para quienes ya conocen su pensamiento solamente en relación con la teoría del conocimiento o con la lógica. Concretamente, la ética de Husserl —en un cuidado y ajustado (...) equilibrio entre el papel de la razón, el de la voluntad y el del sentimiento— ofrece la posibilidad de rescatar la afectividad del sentimentalismo ciego e instintivo sin caer en el extremo contrario del racionalismo inhumano; enseña cómo tomar libre y realmente nuestra vida en nuestras propias manos y dirigirnos a un ideal personal; muestra cómo comportarnos con nuestros semejantes reconociéndolos en su verdadera dignidad, y cómo podemos ayudarnos los unos a los otros. Y para todo ello, en fin, nos proporciona el suelo seguro de la experiencia interna evidente, resistente a toda crítica procedente de la ciencia empírica o del cinismo posmoderno. La exposición del discurso ético pasa necesariamente por meandros psicológicos y antropológicos, como no podía ser de otra manera. De modo que la doctrina moral de Husserl desvela asimismo e inseparablemente un sustancioso contenido psicológico y antropológico. Por otra parte, se ha preferido mantener en general el estilo fenomenológico del autor, esto es, procediendo analíticamente en sucesivos niveles de profundidad. (shrink)

The amount of information that is produced on a daily basis in the financial markets is vast and complex; consequently, the development of systems that simplify decision-making is an essential endeavor. In this article, several intelligent systems are proposed and tested to predict the closing price of the IBEX 35 index using more than ten years of historical data and five distinct architectures for neural networks. A multi-layer perceptron was the first step, followed by a simple recurrent neural network, a (...) gated recurrent unit network and two long-short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The results of the analyses performed on these models have demonstrated a powerful capacity for prediction. Additionally, the findings of this research point to the fact that the application of intelligent systems can simplify the decision-making process in financial markets, which is a substantial advantage. Furthermore, by comparing the predicted outcome errors between the models, the LSTM presents the lowest error with a higher computational time in the training phase. The LSTM was able to accurately forecast the closing price of the day as well as the price for the following one and two days in advance. In conclusion, the empirical results demonstrated that these models could accurately predict financial data for trading purposes and that the application of intelligent systems, such as the LSTM network, represents a promising advancement in financial technology. (shrink)

What is the role of Hesiod's poetry in the beginnings of Greek philosophy? This book explores the question by going beyond the traditional responses that stress either continuities or discontinuities between myth and philosophy. Instead, this volume attempts a reflexive or response-oriented approach, that highlights the active re-appropriation and renewal of Hesiodic thought by the Presocratic philosophers. Its fifteen contributions offer large scale comparisons, historiographical considerations, thematic and generic approaches, and detailed case studies.

Here we study two connexive logics based on one of the conditionals introduced by Church in [4] and on some negations defined through falsity constants in the sense of Ackermann in [1].

The search for mechanisms has been a common practice in scientific research. However, since the empiricist critique of causality, and especially during the second third of the twentieth century, other non-mechanistic perspectives—especially deductivism—gained predominance. But the sustained effort of authors such as Michael Scriven, Mario Bunge and especially Wesley Salmon contributed to restoring the respectability of causality and mechanisms in philosophy of science. Some members of the causal family, usually lumped under the name of “new mechanistic philosophy”, emphasize the description (...) of mechanisms, especially causal ones, as a central aspect of explanation and other research practices in several areas of science. This approach offers viable solutions to the various ontological and methodological objections that are opposed to the two traditional approaches. In this work the basic characteristics of three philosophies that highlight the description of mechanisms as a central element to explanation and their suitability for the science of ecology are discussed. (shrink)

Jane Elllen Harrison (1850-1928) fue una pionera: fue la primera mujer académica de Inglaterra, una de las primeras mujeres en cursar Estudios Clásicos en Newnham College de Cambridge, la primera mujer en recibir un doctorado honoris causa LLD (Doctor of Laws) en la Universidad de Aberdeen y la primera profesora de Cambridge.