As members of the fetal surgery advisory board at a large tertiary care center, we read with great interest Hendriks’ et al. target article proposing a new ethical framework for fetal therap...

Este trabajo analiza los patrones de desambiguación de presuposiciones que se pueden considerar anafóricas y son generadas por partículas indexicales. En contraste con teorías recientes sobre la presuposición que privilegian la información lexical proponemos un análisis perspectivo de la presuposición según el cual la inferencia por defecto sobre este tipo de información hace uso de la perspectiva de los hablantes. En dos estudios exploramos el patrón de desambiguación de oraciones que contienen la palabra ‘también’ en contextos donde se usa el (...) indéxico ‘yo’. Los resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis y se discuten a la luz las principales ideas sobre presuposición y anáfora. A partir de estos resultados sugerimos algunas direcciones futuras de investigación. (shrink)

En su comentario a la Isagoge, Duns Escoto se pregunta dónde se halla el universal: ¿en las cosas o en el intelecto? Caracterizando al universal como universal lógico y accidente intencional de la esencia, en su respuesta se articulan la dimensión ontológica y la dimensión semántica del universal: con el intelecto que lo causa y con la cosa que denomina. Analizaremos estas dos relaciones y las implicaciones que se siguen en el orden de la predicación a partir del ejemplo propuesto (...) por Escoto: «hombre es universal». In his Questions on Porphyry’s Isagoge, Scotus asks about the place of inherence of the universal: ¿is it in the things or in the intellect? Being established the universal as logical universal and intentional accident of the essence, in Scotus’s answer the ontological and the semantical dimensions of the universal are articulated: with the intellect which causes it and with the thing it designates. We will analyse both of these relations and their implications in the order of predication taking into account Scotus’s example «man is universal». (shrink)

Recent trends towards an e-Science offer us the opportunity to think about the specific epistemological changes created by computational empowerment in scientific practices. In fact, we can say that a computational epistemology exists that requires our attention. By ‘computational epistemology’ I mean the computational processes implied or required to achieve human knowledge. In that category we can include AI, supercomputers, expert systems, distributed computation, imaging technologies, virtual instruments, middleware, robotics, grids or databases. Although several authors talk about the extended mind (...) and computational extensions of the human body, most of these proposals don’t analyze the deep epistemological implications of computer empowerment in scientific practices. At the same time, we must identify the principal concept for e-Science: Information. Why should we think about a new epistemology for e-Science? Because several processes exist around scientific information that require a good epistemological model to be understood. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la concepción de la filosofía y el método de la exageración propuesto por Günther Anders en su obra en dos volúmenes La obsolescencia del hombre (1956-1980). Si temáticamente el centro de la obra es la preocupación por la posible autodestrucción de la humanidad en la época atómica; Anders también propone una comprensión de la filosofía y de su método como correlato operatorio de dicha posible aniquilación. Esta revisión de la filosofía y su método constituyen la (...) justificación del tratamiento filosófico de la posibilidad de la autodestrucción de la humanidad. (shrink)

This paper first illustrates what kind of ethical issues arise from the new information, communication and automation technology. It then argues that we may embrace the popular idea that technology is ethically neutral or even ambivalent without having to close our eyes to those issues and in fact, that the ethical neutrality of technology makes them all the more urgent. Finally, it suggests that the widely ignored fact of normal responsible behaviour offers a new and fruitful starting point for any (...) future thinking about such issues. (shrink)

IT es una novela de terror publicada en 1986 por el escritor estadounidense Stephen King. La historia sigue a un grupo de siete amigos, el Club de los Perdedores, mientras son aterrorizados por un ente sobrenatural. IT explota los miedos y fobias de sus víctimas para disfrazarse al cazar a sus presas. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que el trauma infantil es el principal factor de terror en la novela, esto a través de tres tangentes distintas presentes (...) en la obra: la falta de memoria, la ansiedad excesiva y la inmadurez emocional severa. (shrink)

García Bacca inicia en 1936 un proyecto de filosofía actual, que marca la dirección del resto de su obra. Al giro copernicano añade una interpretación de la comprensión como “función trascendental de los sentimientos”. Propongo entender, en primer lugar, estas tesis como el núcleo duro del lugar hermenéutico desde el que García Bacca dialoga con Heidegger; y este diálogo, presente en su obra explícitamente hasta 1985, no como una interpretación al uso sino como ejemplo de su propia la práctica del (...) filosofar. En segundo lugar este artículo analiza la estrategia teórica de García Bacca, que propone una nueva ontología, de base antropológica, y conecta lo actual en filosofía con los cambios habidos en la fundamentación de las ciencias y las profundas modificaciones históricas. Un lugar especial ocupa el análisis del desmontar como modo de proceder constructivista y crítico de la filosofía actual que opone García Bacca al programa heideggeriano de destrucción de la metafísica. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar que las Confesiones no solamente pueden ser leídas como una autobiografía, como un itinerario espiritual o como una exhortación divina; sino que, además, puede ser entendida como el despliegue de un pensamiento ávido de trascendencia que posibilita la revitalización de la prudencia como saber moral. Aunque san Agustín no explicita una definición de prudencia en el texto, creo, sin embargo, que es posible construir a partir de su pensamiento una noción de sabiduría que (...) sirva para comprender «el drama interno» que padece el hombre. This article aims to show that the Confessions can be read not ones as an autobiography, a spiritual journey or a divine exhortation; because it also can be understood as the deployment of a hungry thought of transcendence that allows the revitalization of prudence as moral knowledge. Although St. Augustine does not explicitly, a definition of prudence in the text, I think, however, it is possible to build a notion of wisdom on his thinking to help understand man’s «internal drama». (shrink)

La presente investigación se ha centrado en describir los retos a los que se ha de enfrentar la comunidad educativa ante la presencia de alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en los centros escolares. La metodología se ha centrado en la implementación de un cuestionario tomando como referencia cuatro elementos clave: familia, profesorado, alumnado y centro. El análisis posterior de los datos refleja que la comunidad educativa está a favor de promover un modelo de escuela inclusiva aunque falta un gran camino (...) por recorrer con respecto a la formación y la información sobre la inclusión en el aula. (shrink)

La identidad cultural ha sido abordada desde diferentes disciplinas científicas, se va construyendo desde disímiles ángulos, de aquí que los referentes teóricos para su estudio procedan de diversas áreas del saber. Aunque no es un tema exclusivamente latinoamericano, es justamente América Latina uno de los lugares en que el análisis de esta problemática ha sido más polémico. El artículo presenta los resultados de un diagnóstico del estado de la identidad cultural de los estudiantes de la Preparatoria No.1, de la Universidad (...) Autónoma de Nuevo León, y propone un modelo pedagógico para el desarrollo de este fenómeno. Cultural identity has been studied from different scientific disciplines and considered from various perspectives. The theoretical references of its study come from diverse areas of knowledge. Being not exclusively a Latin American theme, Latin America is exactly one of the places that provide a controversial analysis. This article deals with the results of a study on cultural identity in students registered in the Preparatory n. 1, at the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, and presents an educational model for its development. (shrink)

RESUMENEl artículo propone una definición esencial del arte como símbolo. Plantea que la filosofía del arte no puede renunciar a preguntarse qué es lo que hace que algo sea arte, ni contentarse con una respuesta de tipo externalista. Discute en esa línea la definición histórica de N. Carroll. Formula unas condiciones básicas del simbolismo y busca caracterizar lo que hay de específico en el símbolo artístico, lo que lo diferencia de los otros símbolos. Se enfrenta a las críticas al simbolismo (...) que actualmente se dan en ciertas teorías y prácticas artísticas.PALABRAS CLAVEDEFINICIÓN ESENCIALISTA. DEFINICIÓN HISTÓRICA. SIMBOLISMO. REPRESENTACIÓN.ABSTRACTThis article proposes an essential definition of art as symbol. The autor holds that the philosophy of art cannot give up the question about what is it that determines that something is to be considered as art and neither can be satisfied with an answer of an externalist type. This is why the historic definition of N.Caroll is discussed. The author establishes the basic conditions of symbolism and seeks to characterize the specific traits of the artistic symbol, which differentiates it from the other symbols. He faces the critics to symbolism which nowadays can be found in certain theories and artistic practices.KEY WORDSESSENTIALIST DEFINITION, HISTORIC DEFINITION, SYMBOLISM, REPRESENTATION. (shrink)

The ambiguous-cue task is composed of two-choice simultaneous discriminations involving three stimuli: positive (P), ambiguous (A) and negative (N). Two different trial types are presented: PA and NA. The ambiguous cue (A) served as an S- in PA trials, but as an S+ in NA trials. When using this procedure, it is typical to observe a less accurate performance in PA trials than in NA trials. This is called the ambiguous-cue effect. Recently, it was reported in starlings that the ambiguous-cue (...) effect decreases when the stimuli are presented on an angled (120°) panel. The hypothesis is that the angled panel facilitates that the two cues from each discrimination are perceived as a compound, precluding value transfer via a second-order conditioning mechanism. In this experiment, we used pigeons and a flat panel. Nevertheless, our data were quite similar to the previous data in starlings. We conclude that the form of the panel cannot explain the ambiguous-cue effect. Several alternatives to be explored in future experiments are suggested. The riddle of the ambiguous-cue problem still remains unsolved. (shrink)

Are we ever morally permitted to do what is morally wrong? It seems intuitive that we are, but evidence for dissociations among judgment of permissibility and wrongness are relatively scarce. Across 4 experiments (N = 1,438), we show that people judge that some behaviors can be morally wrong and permissible. The dissociations arise because these judgments track different morally relevant aspects of everyday moral encounters. Judgments of individual rights predicted permissibility but not wrongness, while character assessment predicted wrongness but not (...) permissibility. These findings suggest a picture in which moral evaluation is granular enough to express reasoning about different types of normative considerations, notably the possibility that people can exercise their rights in morally problematic ways. (shrink)

Los centros de educación superior son por definición espacios de generación de conocimiento, derivado de ello se vincula la aplicación de los valores primordiales que rigen el desarrollo académico y científico. Entre estos valores subyacen tales como honestidad, justicia, respeto, responsabilidad y confianza. Existen múltiples interpretaciones de integridad académica, este estudio se promueve el cual abarca todos los elementos mencionados como valores básicos del desarrollo social y universitario: honestidad, justicia, respeto, responsabilidad y confianza.Este estudio se orienta a conocer el grado (...) de transparencia, compromiso e integridad presente en las universidades en el desarrollo de su labor académica e investigadora. (shrink)

It is in the failure to achieve integration ... that personalities too often make shipwreck, either breaking down (physically or mentally) under the strain of conflict or abandoning any real desire for effective synthesis.

Through a convenience sample of 260 employees, the study shows how employees’ perceptions about corporate citizenship (CC) predict their affective commitment. The study was carried out in Portugal, a high in-group and low societal collectivistic culture. Maignan et al.’s (1999, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science27(4), 455–469) construct, including economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities was used. The main findings are: (a) contrary to what has been presumed in the literature, the discretionary dimension includes two factors: CC toward employees (...) and toward community; (b) perceptions of CC explain 35% of unique variance of affective commitment; (c) the best predictors are perceptions of economic and legal CC and, mainly, perceptions of discretionary CC toward employees; (d) the perceptions of discretionary CC toward employees are significantly better predictors of affective commitment than are perceptions of economic, ethical, and discretionary CC toward the community; (e) perceived inconsistency of the several CC dimensions is detrimental to employees’ affective commitment. The study questions the four-dimensional model of the CC construct as operationalized by Maignan et al., suggests that culture should be included as a moderating variable in future research, and stresses that affective commitment may decrease when employees perceive that their organizations act upon the several areas of CC inconsistently. (shrink)

This book explores the strong links between sustainability and the humanities, which go beyond the inclusion of social sciences in discussions on sustainability, and offers a holistic discussion on the intellectual and moral aspects of sustainable development. The contributions from researchers in the fields of education, social sciences, religion, humanities, and sustainable development fulfill three main aims: They provide university lecturers interested in humanities and sustainable development with an opportunity to present their work; foster the exchange of information, ideas and (...) experiences acquired in the execution of teaching and research; and discuss methodological approaches and projects that provide a better understanding of how the humanities can contribute to the debate on sustainable development. Prepared by the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme and the World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre, the book reiterates the need to promote integrated approaches to sustainable development. Including practice-based lessons learnt that can be replicated further, it is a valuable resource for scientists and practitioners working in the humanities and sustainable development. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a filosofia da experiência de John Dewey, enfatizando suas concepções sobre experiência, experiência educativa e propósito. Além disso, apresentar e discutir como os projetos de programação desenvolvidos por crianças no Scratch podem ser entendidos como um propósito no contexto de sua filosofia, o que nos levou a relacionar o conceito de propósito construído por Dewey à ideia de projeto pessoal desenvolvida por Papert, no âmbito do construcionismo. Tal relação se torna importante para (...) ampliar as investigações que tratam problemáticas relacionadas ao ensino de programação na educação básica. A fim de exemplificar as possíveis relações, apresentamos um projeto de programação desenvolvido por um aluno do quinto ano do ensino fundamental, reconhecendo nele os pressupostos teóricos da teoria de Dewey discutidos no texto, relacionando-os às ideias de Papert. (shrink)

Health Wearable Devices enhance the quality of life, promote positive lifestyle changes and save time and money in medical appointments. However, Wearable Devices store large amounts of personal information that is accessed by third parties without user consent. This creates ethical issues regarding privacy, security and informed consent. This paper aims to demonstrate users’ ethical perceptions of the use of Wearable Devices in the health sector. The impact of ethics is determined by an online survey which was conducted from patients (...) and users with random female and male division. Results from this survey demonstrate that Wearable Device users are highly concerned regarding privacy issues and consider informed consent as “very important” when sharing information with third parties. However, users do not appear to relate privacy issues with informed consent. Additionally, users expressed the need for having shorter privacy policies that are easier to read, a more understandable informed consent form that involves regulatory authorities and there should be legal consequences the violation or misuse of health information provided to Wearable Devices. The survey results present an ethical framework that will enhance the ethical development of Wearable Technology. (shrink)