Individuals often lie for psychological rewards (e.g., preserving self image and/or protecting others), absent economic rewards. We conducted a laboratory experiment, using a modified dictator game, to identify conditions that entice individuals to lie solely for psychological rewards. We argue that such lies can provide a ready means for individuals to manage others’ impression of them. We investigated the effect of social distance (the perceived familiarity, intimacy, or psychological proximity between two parties) and knowledge of circumstances (whether parties have common (...) or asymmetric information) on the frequency of lying. We found that lying occurs more frequently when social distance is near and that the effect is exacerbated when information is asymmetric. Our theoretical development suggests that, under these conditions, individuals’ need to manage others’ impression is magnified. We discuss the implications of our findings. (shrink)

Individuals often lie for psychological rewards (e.g., preserving self image and/or protecting others), absent economic rewards. We conducted a laboratory experiment, using a modified dictator game, to identify conditions that entice individuals to lie solely for psychological rewards. We argue that such lies can provide a ready means for individuals to manage others’ impression of them. We investigated the effect of social distance (the perceived familiarity, intimacy, or psychological proximity between two parties) and knowledge of circumstances (whether parties have common (...) or asymmetric information) on the frequency of lying. We found that lying occurs more frequently when social distance is near and that the effect is exacerbated when information is asymmetric. Our theoretical development suggests that, under these conditions, individuals’ need to manage others’ impression is magnified. We discuss the implications of our findings. (shrink)

Este artículo trata de las comparaciones ordinales de desigualdad de bienestar y su uso en los juicios de bienestar social, especialmente en el contexto del "principio de diferencia" de Rawls. En la sección 1 se desarrolla el concepto de comparaciones de desigualdad ordinales y se presenta un teorema sobre las comparaciones de desigualdad de bienestar para problemas de distribución. La sección 2 se dedicaa la discusión de Harsanyi (1955) de que la preocupación por reducir las desigualdades de bienestar entre las (...) personas no debe interferir en los juicios de bienestar social. En la sección 3 se presenta una derivación axiomática de la regla lexicográfica maximin de Rawls; ésta se relaciona directamente con los resultados establecidos por Hammond (1975), d'Aspremont y Gevers (1975), y Strasnick (1975). En la última sección se examinan los axiomas usados y se analizan algunos axiomas alternativos con la intención de llegar a una evaluación crítica del enfoque de Rawls de los juicios sobre el bienestar social. (shrink)

A new characterization of all the MV-algebras embedded in a CL-algebra has been presented. A new sequent calculus for Lukasiewicz ℵ0-valued logic is introduced. Some links between this calculus and the sequent calculus for multiplicative additive linear logic are established. It has been shown that Lukasiewicz ℵ0-valued logic can be embedded in a suitable extension of MALL.

There is a shift in the role of business in society where societal, environmental and stakeholder value drivers could reshape the basis of economic competitive advantage. Investors are willing to pay a premium for well-governed companies because of positive perceptions of CSR. Organizations respond to the value drivers to endure and function effectively along the societal, environmental and stakeholder dimensions. In this article case analysis is performed for four international firms, chosen from USA/Europe and Asia, with distinguished records of sustainability. (...) The case studies were based on the company sustainability reports and related material published in EthicalCorp, CSRWire and Covalence online publications. Assessments were performed using publicly available information. The non-parametric correlation analysis shows that firms with better commitment to CSR respond more to societal, environmental and stakeholder drivers through strategic initiatives. This improves their competitive advantage as assessed by economic value added. (shrink)