This paper aims to underscore a certain continuity in Heidegger’s hermeneutical thinking, while examining the transformations that it undergoes from 1923 to 1959. My analysis of Heidegger’s thought follows the way the author uses the semantic range of the German word “Kunde”. I claim that this transformation can be understood from three different angles: the young Heidegger (1920’s), Heidegger’s “turning” (1930’s) and late Heidegger (1950’s). By analyzing those three steps in Heidegger’s thought, I show that Heidegger’s hermeneutics is a deep (...) reflection on language that aims to shatter its logical, technical, and metaphysical understanding (in other words, as a simple mean of communication). The interpretation of the semantic range of the word Kunde helps us to understand Heidegger’s hermeneutics as an effort to think language as the “house of Being”, in which we find ourselves at home on earth. (shrink)

Muss Philosophie immer eine bierernste Angelegenheit sein? Einer, der das vehement bestritten hat, war der griechische Denker Diogenes, jener berühmte Tonnen-Philosoph, der bis heute als eine der schillerndsten und originellsten Gestalten des Altertums gilt. Seine Gesellschaftskritik lebte er mit einer nachgerade schockierenden Konsequenz vor. Seine Forderung: nicht mehr und nicht weniger als der konsequente Ausstieg aus der Zivilisation. Karl-Wilhelm Weeber stellt in diesem locker geschriebenen Band den scharfzüngigen, schlagfertigen und respektlosen Philosophen und seine Ideenwelt vor.

Zeigt, wie der äTonnenphilosophä in einer unsicheren Zeit eine auch heute noch gültige Überlebensphilosophie für das Individuum entwickelte und praktizierte.

Prolog -- Eros : auf dem Weg zur Erkenntnis -- Liebe als einheitsstiftende Macht -- Das tragische Chorspiel der Hellenen und ihre Imaginationen von Liebe -- Narkissos : die unstillbare Selbstliebe und das Spiegelmotiv -- Gnosis als erlösende Erkenntnis der Liebe -- Liebe in der kontemplativen Metaphysik Plotins -- Das Eine und das Viele -- Kontemplation und Liebe : das Mysterium Sacrum -- Sensorisches und Imaginatives : Weisen der Vergeistigung der Liebe -- Mystische Liebe : Gott-Leiden und Gott-Lieben in der (...) "Rheinischen Mystik" (Eckhart, Tauler, Seuse, Ruusbroec) -- Figurationen der Liebe auf den Brettern, die "die Welt bedeuten" (Wissen, Macht, Liebe, Tod) -- Amor fati : die Liebe zum Schicksal -- Die Liebe auf der Bühne des Theatrum Mundi -- Reflexionen und Mythopoetik der Liebe : philosophisch, theologisch, poetisch -- Liebe in der Theologie des Alten Bundes -- Liebe in der Theologie des Neuen Bundes. (shrink)

Il n'est peut-être pas excessif d'avancer que toute l'œuvre de Merleau-Ponty n'est qu'une longue méditation sur le mystère de l'esprit incarné. Dès la Structure du comportement, il est longuement question des relations entre l'âme et le corps; le quatrième et dernier chapitre de ce livre s'intitule en effet les Relations du corps et de l'âme et le problème de la conscience perceptive. Plusieurs des chapitres de la Phénoménologie de la perception sont consacrés au corps: le corps comme objet; l'expérience du (...) corps; la synthèse du corps propre; le corps comme sexué, le corps comme expression de la parole. Merleau-Ponty revient ensuite plusieurs fois sur le problème de la structure de l'homme, dans des conférences, des cours et des articles. Mentionnons spécialement la conférence l'Homme et l'adversité et l'article le Philosophe et son ombre, tous deux contenus dans le recueil intitulé Signes. Enfin, dans le Visible et l'Invisible que Merleau-Ponty laisse inachevé au moment de sa mort, en mai 1961, ainsi que dans de nombreuses notes datées de 1959 et de 1960 et éditées avec le Visible et l'Invisible en 1964, nous trouvons encore de profonds développements non seulement sur le corps mais aussisur la chair, notion beaucoup plus compréhensive, nous le verrons, que celle meme de corps vivant. (shrink)

Né à Dijon en 1861, Maurice Blondel s'est d'abord fait connaître par deux ouvrages retentissants, L'Action de 1893 et la Lettre sur l'Apologetique de 1896. Dans ces deux oeuvres de jeunesse, qui demeurent pourtant ses chefs-d'œuvre, il prenait hardiment position aussi bien contre la philosophic scolastique que contre la philosophic moderne. Ce qui lui valut aussitôt, avec les remontrances des théologiens intégristes, les sarcasmes des philosophes rationalistcs. Qu'est-ce qui pouvait bien le pousser, lui fervent catholique, à rejeter la vénérable scolastique? (...) En quoi la philosophic moderne, qu'il connaissait pourtant bien, lui paraissait-elle inacceptable? Entre l'aristotélisme et le kantisme, comment ce fougueux prétendait-il frayer sa propre voie? Comment pensait-il, enfin, concilier ses exigences de philosophe avec ses croyances de chrétien? (shrink)

C'est Paul Vignaux le grand médiéviste de la Sorbonne, qui a préfacé le livre du P. Camille Bérubé, O.F.M., Cap., l'un de ses collègues de l'Institut d'Études Médiévales de Montréal, sur La Connaissance de l'individuel au Moyen Age. Tout en présentant l'ouvrage aux lecteurs non médiévistes, il se plaît à louer l'érudition, le sens de la synthèse et la liberté d'esprit du chercheur patient et objectif qu'est le P. Bérubé.Sans être nous-même médiéviste, il nous semble qu'il s'agit ici d'une œuvre (...) qui fait honneur à la recherche canadienne en ce domaine. Nous l'avons lu, en tout cas, comme on lit un roman d'aventures, en nous demandant dès le début et en souhaitant de plus en plus vivement, au fur et à mesure que nous progressions, ce que la suite allait nous révéler. (shrink)

Michel Henry n'est pas encore très connu au Canada. Il est probable que, même en France, son œuvre ne soit pas encore appréciée à sa juste valeur. Pourtant des penseurs comme Jean Hyppolite, Paul Ricoeur et Stanislas Breton en recommandent la lecture. Dans son récent Panorama de la philosophie française contemporaine, Jean Lacroix lui consacre un chapitre. Il en écrit notamment ceci: « On a pu dire, après les ouvrages de Michel Henry sur l'essence de la manifestation et sur le (...) corps, qu'un nouveau Bergson nous était né Un Bergson qui aurait lu Heidegger et se mouvrait dans l'atmosphère de sa pensée, tout en la critiquant et la dépassant. Il propose en tout cas une philosophic personnelle et originale, d'une haute spiritualité et d'une grande technicité … Son œuvre, animée par une sorte de foi philosophique et mystique, pourrait bien constituer l'un des grands traités de la vie intérieure de ce temps ». (shrink)

This edition of McLellan's comprehensive selection of Marx's writings includes carefully selected extracts from the whole range of Marx's most important pieces alongside a fully revised and updated bibliography and editorial commentary on each document. New editorial introductions to each section of the book provide the reader with the background and context of Marx's writing in each period. Essential reading for anyone wishing for a detailed overview of Marx's political philosophy.

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in English in 1953, this important book from eminent philosopher Karl Jaspers deals with the philsophy of the history of mankind. More specifically, its avowed aim is to assist in heightening our awareness of the present by placing it within the framework of the long obscurity of prehistory and the boundless realm of possibilities which lie within the undecided future.This analysis is split into 3 parts: World history The present and the future The meaning of history.

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence for making decisions in public affairs has sparked a lively debate on the benefits and potential harms of self-learning technologies, ranging from the hopes of fully informed and objectively taken decisions to fear for the destruction of mankind. To prevent the negative outcomes and to achieve accountable systems, many have argued that we need to open up the “black box” of AI decision-making and make it more transparent. Whereas this debate has primarily focused on (...) how transparency can secure high-quality, fair, and reliable decisions, far less attention has been devoted to the role of transparency when it comes to how the general public come to perceive AI decision-making as legitimate and worthy of acceptance. Since relying on coercion is not only normatively problematic but also costly and highly inefficient, perceived legitimacy is fundamental to the democratic system. This paper discusses how transparency in and about AI decision-making can affect the public’s perception of the legitimacy of decisions and decision-makers and produce a framework for analyzing these questions. We argue that a limited form of transparency that focuses on providing justifications for decisions has the potential to provide sufficient ground for perceived legitimacy without producing the harms full transparency would bring. (shrink)

Reflecting a revival of Peirce studies and the rediscovery of the pragmatist tradition in American philosophical thinking, this study articulates a contemporary and relevant interpretation that may offer a challenge to neo-pragmatists.

A bracing, concise, and accessible overview of the entirety of Marx's thought, by a major figure of twentieth-century Western Marxism.

This paper explores how transformative experience generates decision-making problems of particular seriousness in medical settings. Potentially transformative experiences are especially likely to be encountered in medicine, and the associated decisions are confronted jointly by patients and clinicians in the context of an imbalance of power and expertise. However in such scenarios the principle of informed consent, which plays a central role in guiding clinicians, is unequal to the task. We detail how the principle’s assumptions about autonomy, rationality and information handle (...) transformative experiences poorly, appealing to several difficult cases for medical decision-making to illustrate the resulting problem, and we consider how the existing literature on complications with consent fails to offer a resolution. We argue that recognition of the problem has a role to play in achieving a more effective response to transformative decisions. In Sect. 1 we introduce several representative cases of challenging patient decision-making that clinicians might face. In Sect. 2 we detail how transformative experience has been analysed in the recent literature, before outlining in Sect. 3 the theoretical basis of the principle of informed consent, which plays a central role in how clinicians are expected to support decision-making. In Sect. 4, having laid the groundwork for a clear description, we return to the cases given in Sect. 1 to confirm how their transformative nature presents a problem: either clinicians treat the decisions faced by these patients as ‘normal’, encouraging them to focus on information provision that patients may be unable to act on, or they treat them as transformative, in which case they lack the resources to recognise whether they are helping patients make (subjectively) good decisions. In Sect. 5 we argue that the existing literature does not offer any escape from this problem. We close in Sect. 6 by noting the significant impact that appreciating the problem of transformative experience could have on supporting transformative decisions in medicine and briefly suggesting how we might aim to develop new approaches to dealing with these. (shrink)

Karl Giberson and Mariano Artigas offer an informed analysis on the views of Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Dawkins, Edward O. Wilson, Carl Sagan, Stephen Hawking and Steven Weinberg; carefully distinguishing science from philosophy and religion in the writings of the oracles.

Karl Buhler (1879-1963) was one of the leading theoreticians of language of the twentieth century. This is an English translation of Buhler's theory that begins with a survey on 'Buhler's legacy' for modern linguistics (Werner Abraham), followed by the Theory of Language, and finally with a special 'Postscript: Twenty-five Years Later!'.

-Selected papers on phenomenology offers the best work in this field by the acclaimed historian of philosophy, Karl Schuhmann (1941-2003), displaying the extraordinary range and depth of his unique scholarship, -Topics covered include the development of Husserl's concept of intentionality, Husserl and Indian philosophy, the origins of speech act theory in Munich phenomenology, the historical background of the notion of "phenomenology", and Johannes Daubert's critique of Martin Heidegger, -This book brings together, in chronological arrangement, fourteen papers. Though thirteen of (...) these were published before in some form, several were not easily accessible so far. In addition, a substantial piece of research, Schuhmann's chronicle of Johannes Daubert, appears here for the first time, -All articles have been edited in accordance with the author's wishes, and incorporate his later additions and corrections. (shrink)

Collected together for the first time in English, Karl-Otto Apel’s most recent work covers a broad spectrum of philosophical issues. Highly original, this work will be valuable to academics and students concerned with (post-) analytic philosophy, epistemology, history of science, Heidegger’s fundamental ontology, current debates about transcendental modes of argument, second-generation Frankfurt School thinkers and American pragmatists. It will be no less useful to all those interested in reformulations of Kantian themes and redefinitions of older ideas within the linguistic (...) paradigm, as well as those who, being familiar with Habermas’s work, wish to know more about the controversies and debates within the circle of the Frankfurt School itself. (shrink)

Originally published on the eve of the 1848 European revolutions, The Communist Manifesto is a condensed and incisive account of the worldview Marx and Engels developed during their hectic intellectual and political collaboration. Formulating the principles of dialectical materialism, they believed that labor creates wealth, hence capitalism is exploitive and antithetical to freedom. -/- This new edition includes an extensive introduction by Gareth Stedman Jones, Britain's leading expert on Marx and Marxism, providing a complete course for students of The Communist (...) Manifesto, and demonstrating not only the historical importance of the text, but also its place in the world today. (shrink)

A central claim in abortion ethics is what might be called the Harm Claim – the claim that abortion harms the fetus. In this article, we put forward a simple and straightforward reason to reject the Harm Claim. Rather than invoking controversial assumptions about personal identity, or some nonstandard account of harm, as many other critics of the Harm Claim have done, we suggest that the aborted fetus cannot be harmed for the simple reason that it does not occupy any (...) well-being level. (shrink)