To this day, the Italian Jewish literary postwar canon is undisputedly ruled by Primo Levi, Giorgio Bassani and Carlo Levi. This study of three major Italian Jewish women writers – Natalia Ginzburg, Clara Sereni and Lia Levi – highlights the presence in Italian literature of a subversive Jewish écriture feminine. These writers’ formal independence and subversive redeployment of narrative and thematic strategies not only consolidated a strong female voice in Italian literature but also produced a specific Italian brand of Jewish (...) literature. The following analysis shows how, through their literary ‘life miniatures’, Ginzburg, Sereni and Levi recentre the domestic everydayness of woman’s personal and historical experience, while, simultaneously, challenging the traditional representations of women’s positions within family and within the public space, as well as interrogating their Jewish identity vis-a-vis their country’s Fascist past. In particular, this article focuses on the way in which all three authors portray themselves as women trying to strike a balance between their Jewish identity and history alive only in the domestic space of their family lives, and their gender identity which is repressed by the patriarchal system both in the house and in the public arena. These women respond by moving ‘out’ of their homes, by exploring the city space – thus turning the ‘urban monster’ into a positive locus for women’s self-determination and political action – and by bonding with other women. Through a demasculinization of the city space, these memoirs re-elaborated notions of family, Judaism, private and historical memory, and they reinvented a poetics for the ‘small virtues’ of woman’s everyday existence while also pioneering a new space in literature that radically changed the direction of patriarchal Italian culture in the second half of the twentieth century. (shrink)

The advent of ChatGPT by OpenAI has prompted extensive discourse on its potential implications for science and higher education. While the impact on education has been a primary focus, there is limited empirical research on the effects of large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based chatbots on science and scientific practice. To investigate this further, we conducted a Delphi study involving 72 researchers specializing in AI and digitization. The study focused on applications and limitations of LLMs, their effects on the science (...) system, ethical and legal considerations, and the required competencies for their effective use. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of LLMs in science, particularly in administrative, creative, and analytical tasks. However, risks related to bias, misinformation, and quality assurance need to be addressed through proactive regulation and science education. This research contributes to informed discussions on the impact of generative AI in science and helps identify areas for future action. (shrink)

El autor afirma que la ciencia y la tecnología son hoy dos poderosas instituciones sociales y culturales internacionales que apuntan a producir conocimiento universalmente válido y productos para el consumo mundial. A partir de esto, se interroga sobre el supuesto de que lo cultural es una esfera separada y secundaria, meramente superestructural. Y postula que la cultura es el ámbito en que se producen las ideas por las que regimos nuestras vidas y que ellas penetran la ciencia. Dado el carácter (...) cultural de la ciencia, permite plantear que llegar a ser científicamente desarrollados podría no necesariamente significar volverse como Europa y/o los Estados Unidos. Tras ello se pregunta por las características que debiera tener la tecnología en América Latina. (shrink)

People frequently judge how they are viewed by others during social interactions. These judgments are called metaperceptions. This study investigates the relationship between eagerness to determine the evaluation of others and metaperceptions. We propose that eagerness, which reflects approach motivation, induces positive emotions. We apply feelings-as-information theory and hypothesize that positive emotions cause optimistic self-evaluations and metaperceptions. Participants in three studies interact with judges during a singing contest (Study 1), a speech (Study 2), and an interview (Study 3). Results corroborate (...) that eagerness to learn the evaluation of others is overall related to optimistically biased metaperceptions. This effect is mediated sequentially by positive emotions, optimistic self-evaluations, and increased metaperceptions. (shrink)

Teoriju anticke komedije Hegel neprestano razvija tokom svoje akademske karijere, od ranog spisa o prirodnom pravu, preko Fenomenologije duha do svojih berlinskih predavanja iz estetike. Hegel uvek razmatra komediju u bliskoj vezi sa svojom teorijom tragedije, te otuda u kontekstu politickih, religioznih i filozofsko-istorijskih odredjenja. Imajuci to u vidu, ovaj rad istrazuje Hegelov pojam dramskog zanra komedije u odnosu na duhovno-filozofske kategorije obicajnosti i supstancijalnosti kao kraja klasicne umetnosti i ujedno nastanka moderne subjektivnosti u njenom slobodnom samoodnosenju. Centralno pitanje je, (...) na koji nacin se razvijanje apsolutnog duha reflektuje u domenu estetskog na razvijanje objektivnog duha u sferi drzave i drustva, kao sto je, recimo, u grckoj komediji dovedena do svesti buduca propast svetsko-obicajnog statusa polisa. Samo razvijanje Hegelove filozofije umetnosti, od ranih spisa do zrelog filozofskog sistema, daje nam mogucnost da uvidimo estetsku formu komedije kao jednog vanrednog oblika umetnosti kao i da razmotrimo duhovno-filozofske linije rascepa moderne. (shrink)

Teoriju anticke komedije Hegel neprestano razvija tokom svoje akademske karijere, od ranog spisa o prirodnom pravu, preko Fenomenologije duha do svojih berlinskih predavanja iz estetike. Hegel uvek razmatra komediju u bliskoj vezi sa svojom teorijom tragedije, te otuda u kontekstu politickih, religioznih i filozofsko-istorijskih odredjenja. Imajuci to u vidu, ovaj rad istrazuje Hegelov pojam dramskog zanra komedije u odnosu na duhovno-filozofske kategorije obicajnosti i supstancijalnosti kao kraja klasicne umetnosti i ujedno nastanka moderne subjektivnosti u njenom slobodnom samoodnosenju. Centralno pitanje je, (...) na koji nacin se razvijanje apsolutnog duha reflektuje u domenu estetskog na razvijanje objektivnog duha u sferi drzave i drustva, kao sto je, recimo, u grckoj komediji dovedena do svesti buduca propast svetsko-obicajnog statusa polisa. Samo razvijanje Hegelove filozofije umetnosti, od ranih spisa do zrelog filozofskog sistema, daje nam mogucnost da uvidimo estetsku formu komedije kao jednog vanrednog oblika umetnosti kao i da razmotrimo duhovno-filozofske linije rascepa moderne. (shrink)

In the past, the European social sciences labelled and discredited knowledge that did not follow the definition for scientific knowledge as applied by the European social sciences as an alternative concept of knowledge, as “indigenous” knowledge. Perception has changed with time: Not only has indigenous knowledge become an entrance ticket to the European social science world, but the indigenization of European theories is seen by some as the contribution of “peripheral” social sciences to join the theories of the “centers”. This (...) book offers contributions to the discourses about alternative concepts of knowledge, inviting the reader to decide if they are alternative, indigenous, or European types of knowledge. However, in order to make this decision, the reader must know what the nature of the European concepts of science and of scientific knowledge is; this might be a motivation to read a book that presents thoughts claiming to be alternative concepts of knowledge, alternative to the European concept of science. (shrink)

Cet article s’intéresse aux relations entre connaissance et pratiques sociales, et l’objectif de ces relations. C’est à travers le thème de la transdisciplinarité que sont identifiées dans le quotidien des stratégies qui pourraient contribuer au fait que les nouvelles générations apprennent à vivre ensemble avec leurs idées, sans risquer d’être neutraliser pour les défendre. Pour cela la Loi de Services Communautaires d’Etudiants Universitaires du Venezuela – LSCEES – est analysée pour explorer les espaces orientés vers le développement de l’apprentissage interculturel (...) et transdisciplinaire. Pour conclure l’analyse, il est préciser que pour contribuer à la transformation des structures socio-institutionnelles vers un développement endogène, cette loi devra affecter la capacité de certaines des IES – dites de « capital social » - de s’articuler avec l’ensemble des actions de l’Administration Publique, qui s’orientent vers cette intentionnalité politique, dans le Venezuela actuel, visant à générer l’inclusion sociale sous la figure de l’action publique appelée « las Misiones ». (shrink)

We make many decisions in our livesand we weigh the benefits against thedrawbacks. Our decisions are based on whatbenefits are most important to us and whatdrawbacks we are willing to accept. Decisionsabout what we eat are made in the same way; butwhen it comes to safety, our decisions areusually made more carefully. Food containsnatural chemicals and it can come into contactwith many natural and artificial substancesduring harvest, production, processing, andpreparation. They include microorganisms,chemicals, either naturally present or producedby cooking, environmental contaminants, (...) andpesticides. Since the chance of being harmed bythese potential hazards is called risk, riskanalysis might be better termed as the scienceof safety, because risk management is anessential part of it. It would, however, bedifficult and shortsighted to maintain thatquestions about risk and safety can have nomoral dimension. Risk and safety become mattersof moral concern when they raise furtherquestions about responsibility, accountability,and justifiability. The question of risk cannotbe ignored in any ethical investigation ofgenetic engineering, novel foods, animalwelfare, and individual choices. However, foodis more than metabolic fuel. It hasphysiological, psychological, social, cultural,and aesthetic associations that merge to form agestalt that people endanger and maintain. Thecontribution of any food towards anindividual's well being is as complex as theindividual himself. In this context, thebenefits of consuming food that containshazards may outweigh the risk. (shrink)

We make many decisions in our livesand we weigh the benefits against thedrawbacks. Our decisions are based on whatbenefits are most important to us and whatdrawbacks we are willing to accept. Decisionsabout what we eat are made in the same way; butwhen it comes to safety, our decisions areusually made more carefully. Food containsnatural chemicals and it can come into contactwith many natural and artificial substancesduring harvest, production, processing, andpreparation. They include microorganisms,chemicals, either naturally present or producedby cooking, environmental contaminants, (...) andpesticides. Since the chance of being harmed bythese potential hazards is called risk, riskanalysis might be better termed as the scienceof safety, because risk management is anessential part of it. It would, however, bedifficult and shortsighted to maintain thatquestions about risk and safety can have nomoral dimension. Risk and safety become mattersof moral concern when they raise furtherquestions about responsibility, accountability,and justifiability. The question of risk cannotbe ignored in any ethical investigation ofgenetic engineering, novel foods, animalwelfare, and individual choices. However, foodis more than metabolic fuel. It hasphysiological, psychological, social, cultural,and aesthetic associations that merge to form agestalt that people endanger and maintain. Thecontribution of any food towards anindividual's well being is as complex as theindividual himself. In this context, thebenefits of consuming food that containshazards may outweigh the risk. (shrink)

Siglinde Clementi réunit dans cet ouvrage quatre portraits de femmes tyroliennes confrontées aux mutations provoquées par les « guerres napoléoniennes ». À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, le Tyrol, profondément catholique et réactionnaire, se dresse contre les envahisseurs étrangers, français, bavarois ou italiens et défend ses droits traditionnels contre toute idée de progrès ou de changement. Les femmes s’associent largement à cette lutte contre les « Franco-bavarois ». En choisissant de réunir ce...

Siglinde Clementi propose un volume au titre polysémique. Die Marketenderin signifiait autrefois la cantinière qui accompagnait le régiment, à l’image de la Mère Courage de Bertolt Brecht, mais dans l’espace sud-germanique, le terme caractérise aussi, surtout depuis le lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les femmes actives dans les sociétés de tir (Schützenverein), une institution du monde germanique remontant aux guerres napoléoniennes. Cinq textes sont ici réunis ; le plus long, presqu...