Objective: Based on how the identity of doctoral students is recognized and understood in the context of Chinese culture, we developed a doctoral identity scale using both qualitative and quantitative analyses.Methods: The initial project of the Scale was formed through qualitative analyses and expert consultation. Nine hundred and ninety-one doctoral students were officially tested, and 982 valid questionnaires were obtained. They were randomly divided into two parts, and 491 of which were assessed for item Response Theory and exploratory factor analysis (...) and 491 of which were assessed for confirmatory factor analysis. The Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale were used to test its the criterion-related validity. One hundred and forty-one students were selected for retesting after 8 weeks.Results: The doctoral student identity questionnaire consisted of two factors identity exploration and identity commitment, explaining 57% of the total variance. The results of CFA showed that the two-factor model fitted the data well. The two dimensions of the Doctoral Student Identity Scale were significantly and positively correlated with the two dimensions of the SWB scale, the latent factor of the RSE scale, and the latent factor of the PSSM scale. Composite reliability values for exploration and commitment were 0.79 and 0.83 respectively, and the values of McDonald’s omega for exploration and commitment were 0.81 and 0.85 respectively. The test-retest reliability of the total questionnaire was 0.842.Conclusion: The Doctoral Student Identity Scale was developed with good reliability and validity, and can be used as a reliable tool for measuring the doctoral student identity. In addition, the questionnaire will provide corresponding ideas and methods for studying the identity issues of specific groups. (shrink)

Experiential and behavioural aspects of emotions can be measured readily but developing a contactless measure of emotions’ physiological aspects has been a major challenge. We hypothesised that different emotion-evoking films can produce distinctive facial blood flow patterns that can serve as physiological signatures of discrete emotions. To test this hypothesis, we created a new Transdermal Optical Imaging system that uses a conventional video camera to capture facial blood flows in a contactless manner. Using this and deep machine learning, we analysed (...) videos of the faces of people as they viewed film clips that elicited joy, sadness, disgust, fear or a neutral state. We found that each of these elicited a distinct blood flow pattern in the facial epidermis, and that Transdermal Optical Imaging is an effective contactless and inexpensive tool to the reveal physiological correlates of discrete emotions. (shrink)

This work explored the mediating effects of affective commitment on transformational leadership and job performance and job insecurity on transformational leadership and affective commitment. Meanwhile, the inter-relationships between the four verified the mediating effect of affective commitment, including job insecurity. The results were as follows: transformational leadership and job performance were positively related. Transformational leadership was proportional to an emotional commitment. The affective commitment had a positive impact on job performance. Transformational leadership indirectly positively affected job performance through the intermediary (...) effect of affective commitment. Transformational leadership regulated affective commitment through job insecurity. The more job security employees have, the higher the impact of transformational leadership on affective commitment; the lower the contrary. (shrink)

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines have emerged as an important instrument used by firms to structure the content of sustainability reporting (SR). This development has led to the question of whether the elaboration of GRI SR is beneficial to a firm’s financial performance. In this study, building on signaling theory, we carry out an empirical investigation of the impact of GRI SR on firm profitability and the factors moderating that impact. Drawing from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (...) (CSMAR), the WIND Economic, and the Chinese Research Data Services Platform (CNRDS) databases, we identified a sample of 122 listed firms with GRI SR in China. We then employed an event study method to compare the firms following GRI SR with a set of matched firms reporting sustainability without following the GRI guidelines. The results show that GRI SR significantly increases firm profitability. Moreover, firms with local political ties reap more benefits from GRI SR, while the moderating effect of central political ties is not significant. Surprisingly, the performance impact of GRI SR is negatively correlated to the firm’s internationalization level. (shrink)

This study examined the relationship between two types of mathematical flexibility – potential flexibility, which indicates individuals’ knowledge of multiple strategies and strategy efficiency, and practical flexibility, which refers to individuals’ flexible performances when solving math problems. Both types of flexibility were assessed in the domain of linear equation solving. Furthermore, two types of beliefs – self-efficacy and use of flexible cognition – were investigated as potential moderators between potential and practical flexibility. 121 8th grade students from China took part (...) in this study. Results indicate that potential flexibility positively predicted practical flexibility. Additionally, self-efficacy and use of flexible cognition might moderate the relationship between these two types of flexibility, suggesting that potential flexibility may lead to different degrees of practical flexibility depending on different levels of beliefs. Implications of these findings for research on mathematical flexibility and for educational practice are discussed. (shrink)

Background Caring behaviour is critical for nursing quality, and the clinical internship environment is a crucial setting for preparing nursing students for caring behaviours. Evidence about how to develop nursing students’ caring behaviour in the clinical environment is still emerging. However, the mechanism between the clinical internship environment and caring behaviour remains unclear, especially the mediating role of moral sensitivity and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Research objective This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of moral sensitivity and the (...) moderating function of self-efficacy on the association between the clinical internship environment and caring behaviours. Research design A cross-sectional design used acceptable validity scales. The hypothesised moderated mediation model was tested in the SPSS PROCESS macro. Participants and research context This survey collected data from 504 nursing students in an internship at a teaching hospital in Changsha, China. Ethical considerations This study was pre-approved by the ethics committee of the medical school (No. E2022210). Informed consent was obtained from all students. Results The clinical internship environment ( B = 0.450, 95% CI = [0.371, 0.530]) and moral sensitivity ( B = 1.352, 95% CI = [1.090, 1.615]) had positive direct effects on nursing students' caring behaviours. Clinical internship environment also indirectly influenced students’ caring behaviours via moral sensitivity ( B = 0.161, 95% CI = [0.115, 0.206]). In addition, self-efficacy played a moderating role between the clinical internship environment and caring behaviours ( B = 0.019, 95% CI = [0.007, 0.031]), as well as the relationship between the clinical internship environment and moral sensitivity ( B = 0.006, 95% CI = [0.003, 0.010]). Conclusion Moral sensitivity mediates the effect of the clinical internship environment on caring behaviour, and self-efficacy strengthens both direct and indirect effects. This study emphasises the importance of self-efficacy in developing moral sensitivity and caring behaviours in nursing students. (shrink)

人性本善？人性本惡？ 孟子說的性善，其實是指「心善」，人心本為良善， 荀子說的性惡，其實是指「欲惡」，人性想做壞事！ 當前大陸最受歡迎的儒家思想講座 傅佩榮教授為您解答 本書內容分為引論、本論、餘論與附錄。「引論」先就「儒家思想的演變」在起源上、特質上、開展上與當前的情況，作全局概觀。「本論」為全書重點，包括六章：一、邏輯與認識方法，二、人性向善論，三、擇善固執論，四 、天人合德論，五、人的自律性問題，六、人性向善論的理據與效應。「餘論」則有應用哲學的涵義，如教育觀、美學以及評析四位哲學史家對孔子的詮釋等。「附錄」則有重新為「天論」作一疏解，以及「束脩」與「耳順」二 文，皆與傳統之解讀作一綜合新解。.

本书内容包括:哲学乃语言之副产品、战国诸子除墨子外皆出于职业、止有儒墨为有组织之宗派、春秋战国之际为什么诸家并兴等。.

哲學巨擘傅佩榮，獻給愛智者最真摯的禮物 總結懸命半生的重磅著作，橫跨2600年、120位哲學家 ➢哲學就是愛智慧，陪你思考人生問題，掌握人生方向； ➢哲學就是人生經濟學，用最少時間，達成最大效果。 哲學有益人生。傅佩榮教授於「得到」知識平臺開設熱門課程： 「傅佩榮的西方哲學課」，超過四萬訂戶。 本著作為此課程整理修訂而成，完整梳理西方哲學史2600年的120位代表人物， 一套三冊，分為： ．上：古代＋中世紀—介紹古希臘與中世紀哲學 ．中：近代—介紹近代哲學 ．下：現代—介紹現代哲學 本冊為【上：古代＋中世紀】 本著作是哲普作品，也是西方哲學簡史，清楚表述哲學家在愛智過程中所領悟的心得， 與對現代人生的啟發，綜合哲學家用生命驗證的成果，展示西方的核心理念， 讓我們在品味西方哲學時，還能建立起自己的宇宙觀、人生觀、價值觀。 ||上：古代＋中世紀|| 如何讓神從神壇走向廚房？擁有魔戒，你會做什麼？ 悲劇可以淨化心靈嗎？享樂主義的快樂清單說什麼？ 若我受騙，則我存在？有多少力量，就有多少愛？ 古希臘哲學留給後世無限寶貴財富，探討宇宙及萬物的來源； 接續的中世紀哲學由基督宗教主導，綿延1300年， 卻被稱為「黑暗時代」，哲學成為神學的女僕。 但不能忽略基督宗教維持社會穩定、保存文化命脈、塑造西方心靈、 助人面對人生奧祕，是開啟近代哲學的關鍵時期！ ◤哲學讓人生更香甜，改變你對生命的想像！ ．未經反省檢查的人生，是不值得活的。──蘇格拉底 ．對自我有強烈的執著，是一切罪惡的最常見來源。──柏拉圖 ．從事哲學思考，就是學習如何死亡。──西塞羅 ．不要滿不在乎的過日子，好像你可以活一千年似的。──奧雷流士 ．不要從你自身離去，因為真理棲息於人的內心世界。──奧古斯丁 ．人的良心，就是為他引航的最佳嚮導。──司各特 ||書籍特色|| ☆每節結束附上「學習心得」、「問題思考」、「補充說明」， 便於讀者複習重點、換位思考哲學家的觀點進而迸出心靈火花、補充說明關鍵概念。 ☆書中加入作者長年研究儒家與道家的心得，有助讀者在對照比較中， 既可欣賞西方哲學，又能覺悟中國哲學的特色與價值。 ☆書末附有索引，詳列詞條在各冊的頁碼，方便讀者對照查找。.

209篇點亮思想的珠玉精華 哲學權威 傅佩榮教授又一哲普力作 教育界好評推薦 教育部部長蔣偉寧／全國教師會理事長劉欽旭／建國中學校長陳偉泓／北一女高校長張碧娟／中山女高校長楊世瑞／師大附中校長卓俊辰／成功高中校長李慶宗／台南一中校長張添唐／高雄中學校長黃秀霞 學校不會考，但 你一定要懂得生命思考 人生困惑不一定有解，但能積極以對， 善用歷代哲人的智慧精華來應對思考、活用變通， 磨練一把專屬於你的思想之鑰。 本書介紹影響人類文化、思想最深遠的百位西方哲學家，從希臘時代的蘇格拉底、柏拉圖、亞里斯多德，以至現代的佛洛伊德、沙特、卡謬等人。讀者可透過閱讀這些哲學家的故事來了解西方哲學的發展脈絡與流派演變，以及他 們所處時代的社會與生活風貌，進而建立多元思考方式，開啟不同視角，以另種觀點來反思自己的人生。 智者的思考，不分時代，你也可以活用。.

本书作者对谋略的加与减进行了研究。内容包括什么是加减法;加减法的用途;越减越多,越加越少;加法的三种境界等。.

本书着重就严复的学术思想、政治主张及其社会影响展开研讨,全国各地专家学者从不同角度、不同层面深入探讨了严复思想,内容广泛,分析深刻。.

本書是第一部專門從政治學及社會學角度,討論儒家思想在當代中國政治發展中的地位與作用的學術專著,具有堅實的政治學及社會學理論支撐和學理基礎,以及明晰而嚴格的學科性分析等特點,填補了政治學界在儒家及其"復 興"與大陸政治之關係這一課題上缺乏系統而專業性研究的空白.

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

The present study investigated the lasting effects of sickness presenteeism on well-being and innovative job performance in the demanding Chinese work context compounded with the precarities of the post-pandemic business environment. Adopting the conservation of resources theory perspective, especially its proposition of compensation of resources, we incorporated social resources at work as joint moderators in the presenteeism–outcomes relationship. We employed a panel design in which all variables were measured twice with 6 months in between. Data were obtained from 323 Chinese (...) employees working in diverse industries in Taiwan. We found that after controlling for the baseline level of well-being, presenteeism did not have a lasting effect on employees' exhaustion. However, presenteeism did have a negative lasting effect on employees' innovative behavior 6 months later. Moreover, we found a significant three-way interaction of presenteeism, supervisory support, and collegial support on employees' innovative job performance, after controlling for the baseline level of performance. Specifically, when working under illness, employees displayed the best innovative performance with high levels of both supervisory and collegial support, the worst performance with both support being low, and the intermediate when any one of the support being high. This can be taken as the preliminary evidence to support the COR proposition of resource caravans, showing that supervisory support and collegial support compensated for each other as critical resources in alleviating the impact of working under sickness on employees' innovative performance. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed, taking into account the macro-cultural context of the East Asian Confucian societies. We also reflected on the managerial implications of the lasting damages of sickness presenteeism and benefits of mobilizing social resources on employees' well-being and performance. (shrink)

This project was undertaken to ascertain the perceptions of a group of Taiwan’s fourth-year bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students regarding death and help expected from nurses during the dying process. Within the Chinese culture, death is one of the most important life issues. However, in many Chinese societies it is difficult for people to reveal their deepest feelings to their significant others or loved ones. It was in this context that this project was developed because little is known (...) about how Taiwan’s nursing students perceive death and the dying process. Using an open-ended, self-report questionnaire, 110 senior BSN students recorded their thoughts on: (1) their fears before physical death; (2) afterlife destinations; and (3) the help they would expect from nurses when dying. The data were analyzed using a three-layer qualitative thematic analysis. The students’ reported needs during the dying process were directed towards three main goals: (1) help in reaching the ‘triple targets of individual life’; (2) help in facilitating in-depth support so that both the dying person and significant others can experience a blessed farewell; and (3) help in reaching a destination in the afterlife. The results support the belief of dying as a transition occurring when life weans itself from the mortal world and prepares for an afterlife. (shrink)