Results for 'Defect'

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  1. Defectiveness of formal concepts.Carolin Antos - manuscript
    It is often assumed that concepts from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, have to be treated differently from concepts from non-formal sciences. This is especially relevant in cases of concept defectiveness, as in the empirical sciences defectiveness is an essential component of lager disruptive or transformative processes such as concept change or concept fragmentation. However, it is still unclear what role defectiveness plays for concepts in the formal sciences. On the one hand, a common view sees formal (...)
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  2.  84
    The Defectiveness of Propaganda.Constant Bonard, Filippo Contesi & Teresa Marques - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.
    We argue that political propaganda is a negative phenomenon, against a recent strain of philosophical theorizing that argues that political propaganda can sometimes be neutral or even positive. After an exploration of the sense and connotation of the word ‘propaganda’ in ordinary use and in the scholarly literature, we discuss Ross’s (2002) account of propaganda as an epistemically defective form of political communication. We claim that, with some refinements, it is an explanatorily useful analysis. We then assess two prominent attempts (...)
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  3. Conceptual Role Expressivism and Defective Concepts.James L. D. Brown - 2022 - In Oxford Studies in Metaethics 17. pp. 225-53.
    This paper examines the general prospects for conceptual role expressivism, expressivist theories that embrace conceptual role semantics. It has two main aims. The first aim is to provide a general characterisation of the view. The second aim is to raise a challenge for the general view. The challenge is to explain why normative concepts are not a species of defective concepts, where defective concepts are those that cannot meaningfully embed and participate in genuine inference. After rejecting existing attempts to answer (...)
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  4.  45
    Defective food concepts.Andrea Borghini, Nicola Piras & Beatrice Serini - 2021 - Synthese 199 (5-6):12225-12249.
    Our aim in this paper is to employ conceptual negotiation to inform a method of rethinking defective food concepts, that is concepts that fail to suitably represent a certain food-related domain or that offer representations that run counter to the interests of their users. We begin by sorting out four dimensions of a food concept: the data upon which it rests and the methodology by which those data are gathered; the ontology that sustains it; the social acts that serve to (...)
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  5. Defective Contexts.Andrew Peet - 2021 - In Rebecca Mason (ed.), Hermeneutical Injustice. Routledge.
    In this chapter I hope to persuade you that defective contexts are more ubiquitous than we typically assume. In doing, so I will draw attention to a number of pressing social and theoretical issues which arise once we start to consider defective contexts. I will proceed by pointing to a number of ways in which defective contexts can emerge without self-correcting in the manner envisioned by Stalnaker. First I will consider situations in which some, but not all interlocutors recognise that (...)
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  6. Meinong, Defective Objects, and (Psycho-)Logical Paradox.William J. Rapaport - 1982 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 18 (1):17-39.
    Alexius Meinong developed a notion of defective objects in order to account for various logical and psychological paradoxes. The notion is of historical interest, since it presages recent work on the logical paradoxes by Herzberger and Kripke. But it fails to do the job it was designed for. However, a technique implicit in Meinong's investigation is more successful and can be adapted to resolve a similar paradox discovered by Romane Clark in a revised version of Meinong's Theory of Objects due (...)
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  7.  7
    The Defective Image: How Darwinism Fails to Provide an Adequate Account of the World.Ben M. Carter - 2001 - Upa.
    The Defective Image develops the argument that Darwinism is predicated on a profound epistemological flaw and proposes to demonstrate that the limitations in Darwinism can be illustrated by its inability to furnish a credible explanation for communication. The author argues that Darwinism is more faith-based ideology than scientific theory and that its character as a faith-based ideology accounts for much of the rancor that characterizes the current debate over evolution.
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  8. The Defective Armchair: A Reply to Tye.Ned Block - 2014 - Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 3 (2):159-165.
    Michael Tye's response to my “Grain” (Block ) and “Windows” (Block ) raises general metaphilosophical issues about the value of intuitions and judgments about one's perceptions and the relations of those intuitions and judgments to empirical research, as well as specific philosophical issues about the relation between seeing, attention and de re thought. I will argue that Tye's appeal to what is (§. 2) “intuitively obvious, once we reflect upon these cases” (“intuition”) is problematic. I will also argue that first (...)
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  9. Semantic defectiveness and the liar.Bradley Armour-Garb & James A. Woodbridge - 2013 - Philosophical Studies 164 (3):845-863.
    In this paper, we do two things. First, we provide some support for adopting a version of the meaningless strategy with respect to the liar paradox, and, second, we extend that strategy, by providing, albeit tentatively, a solution to that paradox—one that is semantic, rather than logical.
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  10.  10
    Meiotic defects in human oocytes: Potential causes and clinical implications.Tianyu Wu, Hao Gu, Yuxi Luo, Lei Wang & Qing Sang - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (12):2200135.
    Meiotic defects cause abnormal chromosome segregation leading to aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes. Chromosome segregation is particularly error‐prone in human oocytes, but the mechanisms behind such errors remain unclear. To explain the frequent chromosome segregation errors, recent investigations have identified multiple meiotic defects and explained how these defects occur in female meiosis. In particular, we review the causes of cohesin exhaustion, leaky spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), inherently unstable meiotic spindle, fragmented kinetochores or centromeres, abnormal aurora kinases (AURK), and clinical genetic variants (...)
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  11.  45
    Meinong, Defective Objects, and (Psycho-)Logical Paradox.William J. Rapaport - 1982 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 18 (1):17-39.
    Alexius Meinong developed a notion of defective objects in order to account for various logical and psychological paradoxes. The notion is of historical interest, since it presages recent work on the logical paradoxes by Herzberger and Kripke. But it fails to do the job it was designed for. However, a technique implicit in Meinong's investigation is more successful and can be adapted to resolve a similar paradox discovered by Romane Clark in a revised version of Meinong's Theory of Objects due (...)
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  12. The Defect in Effective Skeptical Scenarios.Peter Murphy - 2013 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 3 (4):271-281.
    What epistemic defect needs to show up in a skeptical scenario if it is to effectively target some belief? According to the false belief account, the targeted belief must be false in the skeptical scenario. According to the competing ignorance account, the targeted belief must fall short of being knowledge in the skeptical scenario. This paper argues for two claims. The first is that, contrary to what is often assumed, the ignorance account is superior to the false belief account. (...)
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  13. The Defective Character Solution to the Non-identity Problem.Ben Bramble - 2021 - Journal of Philosophy 118 (9):504-520.
    The non-identity problem is that some actions seem morally wrong even though, by affecting future people’s identities, they are worse for nobody. In this paper, I further develop and defend a lesser-known solution to the problem, one according to which when such actions are wrong, it is not because of what they do or produce, but rather just because of why they were performed. In particular, I argue that the actions in non-identity cases are wrong just when and because they (...)
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  14.  61
    Defective Contexts, Accommodation, and Normalization.Mark Richard - 1995 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 25 (4):551 - 570.
    Propositional Attitudes defends an account of ‘believes’ on which the verb is contextually sensitive. x believes that S says that x has a belief which is ‘well rendered’ or acceptably translated by S; since contextually variable information about what makes for a good translation helps determine the extension of ‘believes,’ the verb is contextually sensitive. Sider and Soames criticize this account. They say it has unacceptable consequences in cases in which we make multiple ascriptions of belief to a single individual (...)
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  15.  36
    The defective conditional in mathematics.Mathieu Vidal - 2014 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 24 (1-2):169-179.
    This article focuses on defective conditionals ? namely indicative conditionals whose antecedents are false and whose truth-values therefore cannot be determined. The problem is to decide which formal connective can adequately represent this usage. Classical logic renders defective conditionals true whereas traditional mathematics dismisses them as irrelevant. This difference in treatment entails that, at the propositional level, classical logic validates some sentences that are intuitively false in plane geometry. With two proofs, I show that the same flaw is shared by (...)
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  16.  26
    Defectiveness: Typology and Diachrony.Matthew Baerman & Greville G. Corbett - 2010 - In Defective Paradigms: Missing Forms and What They Tell Us. pp. 1.
    A defective word is defined by paradigm as incomplete compared with the major class it belongs to. Defectiveness signifies the unwanted intrusion of morphological idiosyncrasy into syntax. Although this phenomenon has been a constant subject of studies, it has been ill incorporated into the theories of language. This present volume brings together scholars from various theoretical schools for an overdue typological view of defectiveness. It concentrates on some samples of idiosyncratic gaps which are assumed as indicative of the phenomenon of (...)
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  17. “defective” Agents: Equality, Difference And The Tyranny Of The Normal: equality,normality and ability.Anita Silvers - 1994 - Journal of Social Philosophy 25 (s1):154-175.
  18.  34
    Dual Defection Incentives in One System: Party Switching under Taiwan's Single non-transferable Vote.Alex Chang & Yen-Chen Tang - 2015 - Japanese Journal of Political Science 16 (4):489-506.
    Political scientists generally consider that the incentive for legislators to switch parties lies in their desire to be re-elected. While some scholars attribute defection to the legislators’ popularity and strong connections with their constituents which enable them to be re-elected without relying on party labels, others assert that legislators switch if they perceive that staying put might threaten their chances of re-election. In this paper, we find that the two assumptions, to some extent, contradict each other. More surprisingly, the two (...)
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  19.  14
    A Defect Detection Method for the Surface of Metal Materials Based on an Adaptive Ultrasound Pulse Excitation Device and Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology.Yibo Ai, Yingjie Zhang, Xingzhao Cao & Weidong Zhang - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-9.
    Ultrasonic excitation has been widely used in the detection of microcracks on metal surfaces, but there are problems such as poor excitation effect of ultrasonic pulse, long time to reach the best excitation, and difficult to find microcracks. In this paper, an adaptive ultrasonic pulse excitation device and infrared thermal imaging technology have been combined, as well as their control method, to solve the problem. The adaptive ultrasonic pulse excitation device adds intelligent modules to realize automatic adjustment of detection parameters, (...)
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  20.  1
    A Defect in the Argument for Realism.George A. Barrow - 1919 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 16 (13):337-347.
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  21.  7
    Mental defect.C. P. Blacker - 1934 - The Eugenics Review 25 (4):267.
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  22. Defects produced in gaas crystals.Li During & Katherine B. Wolfstirn - 1965 - In Karl W. Linsenmann (ed.), Proceedings. St. Louis, Lutheran Academy for Scholarship. pp. 3--187.
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  23.  25
    Golgi defects enhance APP amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease.Gunjan Joshi & Yanzhuang Wang - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (3):240-247.
    Increased amyloid beta (Aβ) production by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β‐ and γ‐secretases contributes to the etiological basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This process requires APP and the secretases to be in the same subcellular compartments, such as the endosomes. Since all membrane organelles in the endomembrane system are kinetically and functionally linked, any defects in the trafficking and sorting machinery would be expected to change the functional properties of the whole system. The Golgi (...)
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  24.  25
    Defective children.Robert Armstrong-Jones - 1916 - The Eugenics Review 8 (3):275.
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  25.  5
    Kink defects in magnetic fluid faraday instability.Jc Bacri, A. Cebers, Jc Dabadie & R. Perzynski - 1995 - In R. J. Russell, N. Murphy & A. R. Peacocke (eds.), Chaos and Complexity. Vatican Observatory Publications.
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  26. Defective Paradigms: Missing Forms and What They Tell Us.R. Anderson Stephen - 2010
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  27.  14
    Logical defects of the TGAT report.Andrew Davis - 1990 - British Journal of Educational Studies 38 (3):237-250.
  28. Defective Logic in the Discussion of Religious Experience.Mary Whiton Calkins - 1912 - Philosophical Review 21:266.
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  29.  4
    Defective Logic in the Discussion of Religious Experience.Mary Whiton Calkins - 1911 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 8 (22):606-608.
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  30.  6
    Defective housing and the growth of children.Elizabeth Sloan Chesser - 1920 - The Eugenics Review 11 (4):225.
  31.  18
    Defects formed from excess vacancies in aluminum.G. Das & J. Washburn - 1965 - Philosophical Magazine 11 (113):955-967.
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  32.  12
    Understanding Defective Theories.Moisés Macías-Bustos & María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz - 2023 - In Jonas R. B. Arenhart & Raoni W. Arroyo (eds.), Non-Reflexive Logics, Non-Individuals, and the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: Essays in Honour of the Philosophy of Décio Krause. Springer Verlag. pp. 101-127.
    Here, we deal with the question of under which circumstances can scientists achieve a legitimate understanding of defective theories qua defective. We claim that scientists understand a theory if they can recognize the theory’s underlying inference pattern(s) and if they can reconstruct and explain what is going on in specific cases of defective theories as well as consider what the theory would do if non-defective—even before finding ways of fixing it. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of this approach to understanding (...)
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  33.  21
    Understanding Defective Theories: The case of Quantum Mechanics and non-individuality.Moisés Macías-Bustos & María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz - forthcoming - In Jonas Rafael Becker Arenhart & Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo (eds.), Non-Reflexive Logics, Non-Individuals and the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics: Essays in honor of the philosophy of D´ecio Krause.
    Here, we deal with the question of under which circumstances can scientists achieve a legitimate understanding of defective theories qua defective. We claim that scientists understand a theory if they can recognize the theory’s underlying inference pattern(s) and if they can reconstruct and explain what is going on in specific cases of defective theories as well as consider what the theory would do if non-defective –even before finding ways of fixing it. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of this approach to (...)
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  34.  46
    Strategic Defection from Strong Candidates in the 2004 Taiwanese Legislative Election.Nathan F. Batto - 2008 - Japanese Journal of Political Science 9 (1):21-38.
    SNTV engenders incentives to vote strategically not only against probable losers but also against candidates seen as possible runaway winners. This paper uses survey and election data from the 2004 Taiwanese legislative election to argue that excessive strategic voting against the strongest candidates was at the root of coordination failures. Further, I argue that strong personal votes play a role in mitigating these failures by constructing a stable foundation of votes that is not subject to the wild swings produced by (...)
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  35.  15
    Explaining uncertainty and defectivity of inflectional paradigms.Neil Bermel & Alexandre Nikolaev - 2022 - Cognitive Linguistics 33 (3):585-621.
    The current study investigates how native speakers of a morphologically complex language handle uncertainty related to linguistic forms that have gaps in their inflectional paradigms. We analyze their strategies of dealing with paradigmatic defectivity and how these strategies are motivated by subjective contemporaneousness, frequency, acceptability, and other lexical and structural characteristics of words. We administered a verb production task with Finnish native speakers using verbs from a small non-productive inflectional type that has many paradigmatic gaps and asked participants to inflect (...)
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  36. Moral defects, aesthetic defects, and the imagination.Amy Mullin - 2004 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 62 (3):249–261.
  37. Defective children: Their needs and their rights.Martin W. Barr - 1898 - International Journal of Ethics 8 (4):481-490.
  38.  14
    Defective Children: Their Needs and Their Rights.Martin W. Barr - 1897 - International Journal of Ethics 8 (4):481.
  39.  24
    Defective Children: Their Needs and Their Rights.Martin W. Barr - 1898 - International Journal of Ethics 8 (4):481-490.
  40. Defective Equilibrium.Danny Frederick - 2016 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 23 (4):443-59.
    I argue that the conception of reflective equilibrium that is generally accepted in contemporary philosophy is defective and should be replaced with a conception of fruitful reflective disequilibrium which prohibits ad hoc manoeuvres, encourages new approaches, and eschews all justification in favour of continuous improvement. I suggest how the conception of fruitful disequilibrium can be applied more effectively to moral enquiry, to encourage genuine progress in moral knowledge, if we make moral theory empirically testable by adopting a meta-ethical postulate which (...)
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  41.  14
    Intelligent Defect Identification Based on PECT Signals and an Optimized Two-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Network.Baoling Liu, Jun He, Xiaocui Yuan, Huiling Hu, Xuan Zeng, Zhifang Zhu & Jie Peng - 2020 - Complexity 2020:1-18.
    Accurate and rapid defect identification based on pulsed eddy current testing plays an important role in the structural integrity and health monitoring of in-service equipment in the renewable energy system. However, in conventional data-driven defect identification methods, the signal feature extraction is time consuming and requires expert experience. To avoid the difficulty of manual feature extraction and overcome the shortcomings of the classic deep convolutional network, such as large memory and high computational cost, an intelligent defect recognition (...)
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  42.  7
    Defective Verbal Paradigms in Hungarian—Description and Experimental Study.Ágnes Lukács, Péter Rebrus & Miklós Törkenczy - 2010 - In Lukács Ágnes, Rebrus Péter & Törkenczy Miklós (eds.), Defective Paradigms: Missing Forms and What They Tell Us. pp. 85.
    This chapter evaluates the defective verbal paradigms in the Hungarian language. The first section of the chapter provides an overview of the defectiveness in Hungarian, with emphasis on the systematic, phonotactically motivated defectiveness of the paradigms of some verbal stems. The aim of this section is to be as theoretically neutral and descriptive as possible to facilitate a good comparison with other types of defectiveness in other languages. The second section of the chapter discusses the results of the experiments which (...)
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  43. The problem of defective desires.Chris Heathwood - 2005 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 83 (4):487 – 504.
    The desire-satisfaction theory of welfare says, roughly, that one's life goes well to the extent that one's desires are satisfied. On standard 'actualist' versions of the theory, it doesn't matter what you desire. So long as you are getting what you actually want – whatever it is – things are going well for you. There is widespread agreement that these standard versions are incorrect, because we can desire things that are bad for us -– in other words, because there are (...)
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  44.  15
    Defective Paradigms of Reflexive Nouns and Participles in Latvian.Andra Kalvača & Ilze Lokmane - 2010 - In Defective Paradigms: Missing Forms and What They Tell Us. pp. 53.
    This chapter discusses the defective paradigms of the reflexive nouns and participles in the Latvian language. In Latvian, the reflexiveness of the nouns and the verbs functions as a complex derivational and inflectional system. In this language, the reflexive verbs, participles, and nouns are formed through the fusion of verbal or noun forms with enclitic accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Reflexive verbs have full person, tense and mood paradigms whilst reflexive nouns and participles have defective paradigms in Latvian. Although (...)
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  45.  7
    Structural defects in Cu-doped Bi2Te3single crystals.J. Bludská, I. Jakubec, Č Drašar, P. Lošťák & J. Horák - 2007 - Philosophical Magazine 87 (2):325-335.
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  46. Defective Paradigms: Missing Forms and What They Tell Us.Rezac Milan - 2010
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  47.  42
    The Defects of Bergson's Epistemology and Their Consequences on His Metaphysics.Nikolai Lossky & Frederic Tremblay - 2017 - Studies in East European Thought 69 (1):17-24.
    This is a translation from the Russian of Nikolai Lossky’s “Heдocтaтки гнoceoлoгiи Бepгcoнa и влiянie иxъ нa eгo мeтaфизикy” (The Defects of Bergson’s Epistemology and Their Consequences on His Metaphysics), which was published in the journal Boпpocы филocoфiи и пcиxoлoгiи (Questions of Philosophy and Psychology) in 1913. In this article, Lossky criticizes Bergson’s epistemological dualism, which completely separates intuition from reason, and which rejects reason in favor of intuition. For Bergson, reality is continuous, indivisible, fluid, etc., and reason distorts it (...)
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  48.  9
    Defect Detection of Pandrol Track Fastener Based on Local Depth Feature Fusion Network.Zhaomin Lv, Anqi Ma, Xingjie Chen & Shubin Zheng - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-9.
    There are three main problems in track fastener defect detection based on image: The number of abnormal fastener pictures is scarce, and supervised learning detection model is difficult to establish. The potential data features obtained by different feature extraction methods are different. Some methods focus on edge features, and some methods focus on texture features. Different features have different detection capabilities, and these features are not effectively fused and utilized. The detection of the track fastener clip will be interfered (...)
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  49. A defect in the argument for realism.George A. Barrow - 1919 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 16 (13):337-347.
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  50.  45
    Defective logic in the discussion of religious experience.Mary Whiton Calkins - 1911 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 8 (22):606-608.
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