Steven Z. Levine provides a new understanding of the life and work of Claude Monet and the myth of the modern artist.

From around the year 1900, the ideal of the equivalence of art (form) and nature (animated matter) was challenged when two concurring principles—homogeneous duration and heterogeneous moments—started to manifest themselves in the discrete attempts of artists to integrate being into art. As creative approaches to the perception and representation of nature, these diametrically opposed configurations find expression in the writings of the French philosopher Henri Bergson, mainly between 1889 and 1907. The notion of living forms in permanent transition, informed by (...) evolutionary theory, found its social expression in a growing urban dynamism. Subsequently, the obsolete epistemological Apollonian principle of a central perspective in painting, based on a timeless, static Newtonian space, gave way to the Dionysian ontological principle—radically questioning the unity of being and form in the creative process. Initially, this change was particularly evident in the paintings of Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne. While Monet envisions a homogeneous space of instantaneous time (the separate moment), Cézanne's distinctive Post-Impressionist dynamic representations of continuous becoming can be read as contemporary pictorial counterparts of the Bergsonian concepts of duration, memory, and vital force. Thus, Bergson's psycho-physiological principle of endurance, in which perceptions and memories of distinct physical phenomena interpenetrate multitudinously, gradually becomes a dominant feature in the works of numerous artists who inherit Monet's and, especially, Cézanne's aesthetic notions. (shrink)

Sur le modèle du On Death IV (De morte) de Philodème, publié chez le même éditeur en 2009 par W. B. Henry, cet ouvrage propose, après une introduction de trente-quatre pages, une traduction – fondée sur l’édition donnée par Christian Jensen en 1906 pour Teubner – de cet écrit de Philodème tenu par lui comme un livre sur l’économie. Même si dans les « Acknowledgements » (p. vii) V. Tsouna rappelle qu’elle a participé à la traduction de L’Économie pour Les (...) Épicuriens co-édité par Daniel Delattr... (shrink)

The genetic communication system includes the following components: the parent, which represents the information source and which emits messages; the gametes, which are the messenger carriers; and the offspring, which results from the decoding of two of these messages and can, in turn, become an information source.In a diploid species, a pair of heterozygous homologous loci may emit two equally probable messages, the quantity of genetic information (Q) produced being equivalent to: Q=log2 2=1 bit. For n independent pairs of heterozygous (...) homologous loci, Q=n.log2 2=n bits. The evolution of Q is examined whenever the parent is used in inbreeding or crossbreeding. In the case of inbreeding, the initial Q is depleted as the loci become homozygous; for hybridization the evolution of Q is unpredictable. (shrink)

The basic principles of scientific research from the great French physiologist whose contributions in the 19th century included the discovery of vasomotor nerves; nature of curare and other poisons in human body; more.

Claude Lefort is one of the leading social and political theorists in France today. This anthology of his most important work published over the last four decades makes his writing widely accessible to an English-speaking audience for the first time. With exceptional skill Lefort combines the analysis of contemporary political events with a sensitivity to the history of political thought. His critical account of the development of bureaucracy and totalitarianism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe is a timely (...) contribution to current debates about the nature and shortcomings of these societies. His incisive analyses of Marx's theory of history and concept of ideology provide the backdrop for a highly original account of the role of symbolism in modern societies. While critical of many traditional assumptions and doctrines, Lefort develops a political position based on a reappraisal of the idea of human rights and a reconsideration of what "democracy" means today. The Political Forms of Modern Society is a major contribution to contemporary social and political theory. The volume includes a substantial introduction that describes the context of Lefort's writings and highlights the central themes of his work. (shrink)

This essay examines texts from Kierkegaard's signed and pseudonymous authorship on immortality and the resurrection, challenging the received opinion that Kierkegaard's account of eternal life merely connotes a temporal, existential modality of experience as a present eternity. Kierkegaard's thoughts on immortality are more complicated than this reading allows. I demonstrate that Kierkegaard's ideas on the afterlife emerge out of a context in which the topic had been vigorously debated in both Germany and Denmark for more than a decade. In responding (...) to these debates, Kierkegaard establishes a "new argument" for immortality that stands as a robust account of the Christian resurrection and highlights the power of a personal God at the center of life, death, and post-mortem existence. (shrink)

This study critically examines the concept of benefit‐sharing in the context of health research involving human participants in South Africa, identifying a significant gap in the precision and application of terminology. It introduces a new terminological framework designed to provide clarity and facilitate standardisation in both national and international discourse on benefit‐sharing. The analysis extends to the complex legal landscape in South Africa, highlighting the nuances of mandated, permitted, and prohibited practices of benefit‐sharing across various statutes. This reveals substantial implications (...) for ethics committees, researchers, and participants, emphasising the need for a legal and ethical recalibration. Furthermore, the manuscript critiques South Africa's main ethics instruments for their inadequate guidance on benefit‐sharing and proposes recommendations for enhancing the Department of Health's ethics guidelines. By advocating for a coherent, legally informed approach to ethical decision‐making, the study underscores the need for integrating the proposed framework and legal insights into ethics guidelines. This comprehensive strategy aims not only to advance ethical practices within South Africa but also to contribute significantly to the global discourse on benefit‐sharing in health research. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Master and the Disciple The Light and the Shadow Conclusion.

William of Ockham (c.1287-1347) is known to be one of the major figures of the late Middle Ages. The scope and significance of his doctrine of human thought, however, has been a controversial issue among scholars in the last decade, and this book presents a full discussion of recent developments. Claude Panaccio proposes a richly documented and entirely original reinterpretation of Ockham's theory of concepts as a coherent blend of representationalism, conceptual atomism, and non reductionist nominalism, stressing in the (...) process its special interest for current discussions in philosophy of mind and cognitive sciences. (shrink)

Il est urgent de ménager dans l'homme un espace pour Dieu, c'est-à-dire un espace d'interrogation où la Parole de Dieu puisse retentir à nouveau comme une Bonne Nouvelle. De plus en plus, le Dieu de la foi doit être cherché pour lui-même, comme une nouvelle gratuité, au-delà de l'utile et de l'inutile. Mais cette gratuité n'évoque aucune évasion. L'une des formes de la responsabilité historique du chrétien, c'est de créer des espaces pour Dieu dans le monde, en ayant la certitude (...) que c'est aussi le meilleur moyen de travailler à la guérison de tout l'homme. (shrink)

v. 1. From the Upanishads to the British empiricists.--v. 2. From Kant to the situation in 1963.--v. 3. Related readings.

This article examines whether and how the participation of women in the firm’s board of directors and senior management enhances financial performance. We use the Fama and French (1992, 1993) valuation framework to take the level of risk into consideration, when comparing firm performances, whereas previous studies used either raw stock returns or accounting ratios. Our results indicate that firms operating in complex environments do generate positive and significant abnormal returns when they have a high proportion of women officers. Although (...) the participation of women as directors does not seem to make a difference in this regard, firms with a high proportion of women in both their management and governance systems generate enough value to keep up with normal stock-market returns. These findings tend to support the policies currently being discussed or implemented in some countries and organizations to foster the advancement of women in business. (shrink)

Writing involves risks—the risk that one will be misunderstood, the risk of being persecuted, the risks of being made a champion for causes in which one does not believe, this risk of inadvertently supporting a reader’s prejudices, to name a few. In trying to give expression to what is true, the writer must “clear a passage within the agitated world of passions,” an undertaking that always to some extent fails: writers are never the master of their own speech. In _Writing: (...) The Political Test, _France’s leading political philosopher, Claude Lefort, illuminates the process by which writers negotiate difficult path to free themselves from the ideological and contextual traps that would doom their attempts to articulate a new vision. Lefort examines writers whose works provide special insights into this problem of risk, both literary artists and political philosophers. Among them are Salman Rushdie, Sade, Tocqueville,m Machiavelli, Leo Strauss, Orwell, Kant, Robespierre, Guizot, and Pierre Clastres. In Tocqueville, for example, Lefort finds that the author’s improvisatory and open-ended expression represents the character of the democratic experience. Orwell’s work on totalitarianism shows up the totalitarian subject’s complicity in this political regime. And Rushdie is remarkable for his solid attack on relativism. With the character and fate of the political forms of modernity, democracy, and totalitarianism a central theme, Lefort concludes with some reflections on the collapse of the Soviet Union. This intriguing and accessible exploration of literature’s political aspects and political philosophy’s literary ones will be welcomed by those who have been stymied by current efforts to bridge these two fields. Taken together, the essays in this volume also stand as an intellectual autobiography of Lefort, making it an excellent introduction to his work for less experience students of political theory or philosophy. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce qu'un enseignement? Une pensée? Qu'autorisent-ils? À la suite de Claire Brunet, Sandra Laugier et Frédérique Ildefonse qui dirigent ce volume, d'anciens étudiants, aujourd'hui chercheurs renommés ou plus discrets, creusent à travers le sillon de leur discipline ce que leur a permis l'enseignement de leur maître commune à l'École normale supérieure. Les amitiés intellectuelles s'y joignent. Ce que l'on appelle communément communication dans le monde académique devient texte. Tous, en creux, décrivent l'influence d'un enseignement, la liberté qu'il permet à des (...) esprits pour s'épanouir et nous laissent découvrir un portrait intellectuel d'une grande originalité. La pensée de Claude Imbert, philosophe, logicienne, longtemps directrice du département de philosophie de la rue d'Ulm, n'a pas les honneurs médiatiques français en sus des "académiques" d'usage. S'y prêterait-elle? Pourtant, la philosophe française est depuis plus de vingt ans lue, reçue et écoutée dans les universités du monde entier, des Etats-Unis à la Chine en passant par l'Amérique du Sud. Tous les textes rassemblés ici, comme autant de variations, sans jamais le dire, souhaitent contribuer à la reconnaissance de l'oeuvre. Un inédit "Ne rien oublier et tout apprendre" de la philosophe et un texte de Pascalle Monnier, écrivain, accompagnent le volume."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Infinite regress arguments are part of a philosopher's tool kit of argumentation. But how sharp or strong is this tool? How effectively is it used? The typical presentation of infinite regress arguments throughout history is so succinct and has so many gaps that it is often unclear how an infinite regress is derived, and why an infinite regress is logically problematic, and as a result, it is often difficult to evaluate infinite regress arguments. These consequences of our customary way of (...) using this tool indicate that there is a need for a theory to re-orient our practice. My general approach to contribute to such a theory, consists of collecting and evaluating as many infinite regress arguments as possible, comparing and contrasting many of the formal and non-formal properties, looking for recurring patterns, and identifying the properties that appeared essential to those patterns. Two very general questions guided this work: How are infinite regresses generated in infinite regress arguments? How do infinite regresses logically function as premises in an argument? In answering these questions I clarify the notion of an infinite regress; identify different logical forms of infinite regresses; describe different kinds of infinite regress arguments; distinguish the rhetoric from the logic in infinite regress arguments; and suggest ways of improving our discussion and our practice of constructing and evaluating these arguments. (shrink)

Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d'un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l'exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle. Quelle sera la fonction d'une logique si le formalisme l'oblitère? On l'a caractérisée sur deux états disjoints : la phénoménologie catégoriale, dont Kant avait épuisé les ressources, et le formulaire quantificationnel. « Copyright Electre » Pages de (...) début Avant-propos - Des dimensions intelligibles Première partie - La seconde navigation Présentation Chapitre premier - Le prix de l'expérience Chapitre II - Logique, histoire formalisation Chapitre III - La logique stoïcienne et la construction du récit Chapitre IV - La dissidence des preuves Deuxième partie - Mises au point Chapitre V - Catégories, apophantique, énonciation Chapitre VI - La vérité d'Aristote et la vérité de Tarski Chapitre VII - Port-Royal et la géométrie des modalités subjectives Chapitre VIII - La philosophie critique et l'énigme du jugement de gout Troisième partie - Perspectives Chapitre IX - De l'expression et de ses recommencements Chapitre X - Le roman grec. Du protreptique à l'éducation sentimentale Chapitre XI - Ce que dit le « menteur crétois », cet agent double Chapitre XII - Entre logique naturelle et intelligence artificielleChapitre XIII - Logique, grammaire, style Index nominum Pages de fin. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2017 Heft: 214 Seiten: 249-257.

The inconclusiveness of previous research on the association between gender diverse boards and corporate social performance has led us to revisit the question in light of stakeholder management and institutional theories. Given that corporate social responsibility is a multidimensional concept, we test the influence of GDB on various groups of stakeholders. By considering the interaction between stakeholders’ power and directors’ personal motivations toward the prioritization of stakeholders’ claims, we find that GDB are positively related to CSR dimensions that are related (...) to less powerful stakeholders such as the environment, contractors, and the community. However, GDB do not appear to have a significant impact on CSR dimensions that are associated with stakeholders who benefit from more institutionalized power, such as employees and customers. (shrink)

In the latest years of the 6th/12th century, two chains of affiliation of a distinctive kind make their appearance in the Muslim world, in the East on one hand, and in the West on the other: the first is referred to in the sources as silsilat al-muṣāfaḥa, the second as silsilat al-mushābaka. These ‘chains’, mentioned mostly in works pertaining to the genre of prosopographic literature in the largest sense, experienced a broad and rapid expansion throughout the dār al-islām. They are (...) linked to a specific ritual aimed at perpetuating, across generations, a physical contact with the Prophet. Widespread among the ʿulamāʾ, they become conflated with the musalsalāt ḥadīths, or ‘chained traditions’, during the Ottoman era. (shrink)

Tout au long des années trente, un groupe de jeunes intellectuels non conformistes réunis dans le mouvement " Ordre Nouveau " ont lancé dans le débat une pensée radicalement nouvelle en rupture avec les idées dominantes du collectivisme conquérant et du capitalisme traditionnel. Ils avaient nom Denis de Rougemont, Robert Aron, Arnaud Dandieu, Daniel-Rops, Emmanuel Mounier. Alexandre Marc, philosophe jeté hors de sa Russie natale par la victoire des bolcheviques, était leur fédérateur et animateur principal.0De ces idées, il fit une (...) doctrine, le fédéralisme personnaliste, à l'approfondissement et à la diffusion de laquelle il consacra toute sa vie. On pourrait la croire aujourd'hui oubliée. Et pourtant, c'est en elle qu'ont germé des réalisations et des propositions, révolutionnaires en ces temps et très présentes dans les débats actuels : fédéralisme européen, crise de civilisation, allocation universelle, subsidiarité et régionalisme, etc.0Il en est jusqu'à la pensée dialectique du " en même temps ", chère au macronisme, qui apparaît comme une transposition hasardeuse de la dialectique inclusive, théorisée par Alexandre Marc. Sa disparition, voilà vingt ans, appelle une évaluation de cette doctrine et une tentative d'appréciation critique de sa pertinence. Ce livre s'efforce d'illustrer cette ambition au travers des réflexions des auteurs sur certains de ses aspects névralgiques comme le personnalisme, la crise, la dialectique ou l'action politique.0Certains ont été des élèves et des proches collaborateurs d'Alexandre Marc ; d'autres ne l'ont connu qu'au travers de ses écrits ou de ses conférences. Tous se reconnaissent dans le personnalisme, fondement de cette doctrine méconnue et pourtant, étonnamment actuelle. (shrink)

Depuis le milieu des années soixante-dix, la pensée critique est soumise à rude épreuve dans le monde occidental. La tradition marxiste, incapable de se renouveler et de faire ses comptes avec le "socialisme réel", est entrée dans une crise dont elle ne s'est pas remise. Le discrédit qui l'a atteinte a rejailli très souvent sur les courants les plus novateurs des années soixante et soixante-dix. Beaucoup d'intellectuels qui s'étaient radicalisés au cours des années soixante sont ouvertement passés sur des positions (...) réactionnaires, soit par déception ou conviction, soit pour trouver un nouveau champ d'intervention. En outre, le recul de la pensée critique a été accompagné de façon significative d'une progression de la médiatisation des débats intellectuels, c'est-à-dire, là aussi, d'un renforcement des tendances à simplifier les questions. Dans le même sens vont également, au cours des années quatre-vingt, des courants divers, venus en général des milieux universitaires, désireux d'établir un rapport positif avec les sociétés démocratiques libérales, mais sans verser pour autant dans la facilité médiatique. Pour eux, la société occidentale est la meilleure des sociétés possibles aujourd'hui et il n'y a plus de sens à vouloir en faire une critique globale. Il faut donc se réconcilier avec l'existant et jouir de ses bons côtés en renonçant au négativisme et à l'utopie. Dans ce supplément de Futur antérieur, les auteurs ont voulu montrer que la pensée affaiblie n'était pas inéluctable et qu'une certaine forme de pensée n'a pas renoncé à une critique sans concessions. (shrink)

Novel forms of matter, such as states made of gluons (glueballs), multiquark mesons or baryons and hybrid mesons are predicted by low energy QCD, for which several candidates have recently been identified. Searching for such exotic states of matter and studying their production and decay properties in detail has become a flourishing field at the experimental facilities now available or being built - e.g. BESIII in Beijing, BELLE II at SuperKEKB, GlueX at Jefferson Lab, PANDA at FAIR, J-PARC and in (...) the upgraded LHC experiments, in particular LHCb. A modern primer in the field is required so as to both revive and update the teaching of a new generation of researchers in the field of QCD. These lectures on hadron spectroscopy are intended for Master and PhD students and have been originally developed for a course delivered at the Stefan Meyer Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. They are phenomenologically oriented and intended as complementary material for basic courses in particle and nuclear physics. The book describes the spectra of light and heavy mesons and baryons, and introduces the fundamental properties based on symmetries. Further, it derives multiplet structures, mixing angle, decay coupling constants, magnetic moments of baryons, and predictions for multiquark states and compares these with suitable experimental data. Basic methods of calculating decay angular distributions and determining masses and widths of resonances are also presented. The appendices provide students and newcomers to the field with the necessary background information, and include a set of problems and solutions. (shrink)