In the history of its reception, the myth of Medea has always been of prime importance for reflections on an awareness of civilization crisis. This process culminates in the modern age, and especially so with Pier Paolo Pasolini’s exceptionally significant version of the Medea story. Pasolini’s far-seeing and complex poetics of cinema combines the ancient myth with sources drawn from the history of religions and thereby exposes the concept of social naturalness as ideologically posited. Against an ideology of the allegedly (...) natural, his „Medea“ brings to bear an ethnoaesthetic mythography, which casts doubt on the postulate of the progress of civilization. To be sure, in the context of modernism, a rehabilitation of religious myth is impossible except in a mode of aesthetic illusion. But it is the fiction of ›mythopoiesis‹ which assures that such an enterprise can make sense, if only in an imaginary way. (shrink)