Globalization and rapid information processes that are inherent in today's post-pandemic society, contributing to the reorganization of the authorities of many countries and their contacts with regions, local territorial units or civil society. Such changes, first of all, provide for delegation of authority at the level of regional and local authorities. However, many developing and today position their own society as post-modern, continue to be in a state of disunity of the branches of government, with a high level of corruption (...) and abuse of official position, improper distribution of resources, inappropriate tax system and incompetent provision of services by relevant authorities. This affects the relevance of studying foreign experience in building a rational, effective, balanced public administration system, the leading place in which in almost all developed countries is the decentralization of the state and, above all, the executive branch. The foreign experience of the successful implementation of decentralization reforms is investigated. The main characteristics inherent in the decentralization of power in European countries are given, including in the context of the existence of a pandemic. The features of decentralization of power in France, the UK, Germany and other countries are highlighted. It is substantiated that the experience of decentralization reforms in each country is unique and reflects the specifics of the development of a particular country, and therefore it is impractical to introduce foreign experience without taking into account the particular economic and political development of a particular country. (shrink)

The tendency for emotions to be predictable over time, labelled emotional inertia, has been linked to low well-being and is thought to reflect impaired emotion regulation. However, almost no studies have examined how emotion regulation relates to emotional inertia. We examined the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on the inertia of behavioural, subjective and physiological measures of emotion. In Study 1 (N = 111), trait suppression was associated with higher inertia of negative behaviours. We replicated this finding experimentally (...) in Study 2 (N = 186). Furthermore, in Study 2, instructed suppressors and reappraisers both showed higher inertia of positive behaviours, and reappraisers displayed higher inertia of heart rate. Neither suppression nor reappraisal were associated with the inertia of subjective feelings in either study. Thus, the effects of suppression and reappraisal on the temporal dynamics of emotions depend on the valence and emotional response component in question. (shrink)

An analysis of the way of further development of artificial intelligence similar to human was carried out, namely its intermediate stage, a state when he can communicate freely with people, can realistically imitate a some personality, freely change it, and thus become convenient for large-scale use in everyday life. An approximate view of the system was described, which it may become in the near future, given the recent technologies. The list of possible settings, which will be actual for similar systems, (...) is resulted. The possible areas of application of this artificial intelligence are listed. (shrink)

In this article, advertising is considered in line with the anthropological approach. Advertising is presented as a special anthropological reality, which simultaneously reflects and forms the essential characteristics of human. In this reality, modern human is able to socialize, self-identify, consume and transmit information. The transformation of advertising is heterogeneous and depends on many social factors. Transformation is considered in the course of the panopticon. The panopticon was especially mentioned in the second half of the 20th century, when universal surveillance (...) and observation began to become commonplace, and 21st century life is difficult to imagine without the digital and electronic gadgets that meet us at every turn. From an anthropological point of view, the essence of advertising reflects the social and cultural code of society, which reduces the level of negative feedback and increases the level of acceptance in the mass consciousness. The process of transformation of advertising is ongoing. Given the widespread use of advertising in various spheres of human life, advertising is becoming one of the most important forms of communication. Creating an information field, advertising draws attention to the pragmatic aspects of life, which creates a worldview and attitude to the world around. Advertising ideas reflect the communicative level and development of human and society, which is an indicator of the development of society at a certain stage. Understanding human advertising is a perception of a separate information and communication reality. Extending to the global level, it creates a large communication space for certain groups of people. The author concludes that, in terms of anthropological approach, human is not only an object but also a real subject of advertising. Advertising is a specific way of creative human self-realization, in which there is a design, translation and perception of advertising images. (shrink)

Реалії людського співіснування в інформаційному світі стрімко змінюють складові життя суспільства та вимагають від люднини нових дій для більш ефективного співіснування. Комунікативна діяльність породжує основний тип змін, оскільки формує новий інформаційний світ, який складається зі складної системи комунікацій та способів, змісту, частоті обміну інформації, що забезпечують високу ефективність суспільства, що допомагає швидко обмінюватись даними та існувати в інформаційному світі. Реклама постає як чинник комунікації, що дає змогу керувати ефективністю та оптимальністю загальної системи комунікацій. Внаслідок формування інформаційного суспільства з'являються нові запити (...) людей від суспільства та навпаки, в яких парадигма виживання полягає в інформаційній домінації суб'єктів. Основний запит суспільства – це вимога віртуальної взаємодії, запит людини – на приватність, та водночас, на інформаційне домінування. Віртуалізований світ доповнює реальність власними атрибутами, бо вирішує низку раніше проблемних речей, які заважали швидкій соціальній взаємодії: швидкість передавання інформації, її адресність, її масовість. У колі понять існує розуміння «медіа-суб'єкт» як особа чи компанія, чи будь-який інший суб'єкт, які представлені віртуально, маючи реального суб'єкта в реальності. Внаслідок активної соціальної комунікації «медіа-суб'єкта» є можливість роширити зону впливу на масову свідомість. Інформаційне домінування разом з рекламою надають здатність отримання соціальних та матеріальних благ, внаслідок правильних дій, що і є головною метою даних суб'єктів. Реклама є каталізатором комунікативних процесів, що забезпечують інформаційні потреби споживачів та надають рекламодавцю соціальної активності в інформпросторі. Реклама міцно пов’язана з різними видами людської взаємодії, що спричинає її синергетичну дію для кожного з них. (shrink)

Вивчення деструктивного змісту реклами дає нам можливість проаналізувати її ступінь та методи впливу на сучасний зовнішній медіапростір людини та суспільства. Завдання статті – вивчити та проаналізувати руйнівний зміст реклами та дослідити соціальний фактор у процесі комунікаційних процесів суспільства на прикладі інформації сучасних рекламних повідомлень. Актуальність теми виявляється у необхідності вивчення існування людини в медіа-просторі та її соціального становлення у віртуальному суспільстві. Зі збільшенням участі людства у віртуальній інформаційній мережі збільшується ризик неконтрольованості особистості та більша залежність від колективних установок. Вивчається та (...) аналізується сутність соціального фактора від використання деструктивного змісту в рекламному дискурсі, огляду та аналізу деструктивного змісту реклами, її суб'єктивного змісту та впливу на екзистенційне сприйняття людини світом. Досліджено синергетичний ефект реклами з деструктивними образами в комунікативних соціальних процесах. Досліджено роль формування віртуальних втрат (збитків) у процесі просування товарів та послуг, що використовують руйнівний зміст реклами. Дослідження формування нових ментальних установок одержувачів реклами та їх впливу на існуюче співіснування та взаємодію у суспільстві. У сучасному суспільстві реклама стала важливою частиною соціалізації людей, саме тому вона відіграє значну роль у формуванні громадської думки, оцінках людей та подій, встановленні рівня життя та ставлення до взаємодії, в тому числі спрямованої на внутрішній світ особи. Відзначається, що через неможливість протидії рекламним зображенням в інформаційному полі людина є споживачем інсталяцій, але водночас вона здатна по-різному коригувати наявний вплив і відображати на ньому. (shrink)

The historic figure of the prominent ecclesiastical figure of the princely Rus-Ukraine, the associate of the ruler of the Galician principality, Yaroslav Osmomysl, Bishop Kosmi, was always in the sight of historians, religious scholars, archaeologists and art historians. True, its reading was usually done in the context of the study of the history of the origin of the Galician diocese in the middle of the 12th century. The problem of the founding of this diocese has a rather significant historiography. In (...) the middle of the nineteenth century, thanks to the search of the Lviv priest A. Petrushevich, it was possible to establish the main stages of its ancient history. In the years 1854-1860, about. A. Petrushevich published the "Galician Historical Collection", which contained his articles on the Galician Cathedral Church, its bishops and metropolitans. The history of the diocese was investigated in the second half of the nineteenth century. Yu Peles, M. Tikhomirov and I. Rudovich. Important pages about her past were supplemented in the twentieth century. historians M. Hrushevsky, I. Nazarko, K. Panas, S.Mudry, Yu.Fedorov, Z. Fedunkov, religious scholars - S.Kyyak and I.Skochilas, archaeologists Y.Pasternak, V.Petegirich, Yu.Lukomsky, art historians Pelensky, M. Figol, V. Vuytsik. During this time, a whole body of research has been created, which is dedicated to the study of the imprint of the Galician bishop Cosmi. He is represented by the scientific works of M. Hrushevsky, P. Gaydukov, Y.Pasternak, R.Michailova, V. Yanin. (shrink)

The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy of law. The reason (...) is that the discussion was conducted between Dworkin and Hart’s supporters but not between Dworkin and Hart by himself. The latter responded to the criticism only after twenty seven years. The article explains why Dworkin chose for his criticism Herbert Hart’s version of legal positivism. This is due to the fact that Dworkin highly appreciated Hart’s positivist theory of law and characterized it as the “most clear.” The article presents the methodological foundations of criticism of Hart’s legal positivism in Dworkin’s philosophy of law. It reveals a methodological divergence between the two legal theories, which directly affects the understanding of the concept of law and its content. Therefore, we can assume that the legal theories of Hart and Dworkin are two competing models of law: Dworkin’s model considers law as a set of rules and principles and Hart’s model acknowledges only rules and court decisions as a source of law. The article also presents the key principles of positivism criticized by Dworkin. These principles, firstly, interpret law as a set of legal rules determined through a special legal criterion, secondly, provide the judge with an opportunity to make a decision “at his own discretion” in a situation not regulated by law, and, thirdly, recognize only legal rights and obligations enshrined in legal regulations. It is important to note that in this article the author describes criticism as an independent phenomenon of legal philosophy with a particular focus on the history and foundations of this phenomenon. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the analysis of gender and age specifics of determining value-motivational trends of volunteering. The purpose of the research is to reveal the specifics of socio-psychological factors of volunteering, and, above all, the role and place of age and gender of the volunteer. The research was implemented by filling out an individual volunteer questionnaire. The sample of the research consisted of 302 volunteers aged 17 to 80 years from more than 15 cities of Ukraine. In particular, (...) it is shown that depending on what motivational trends dominate in an individual profile of the SVM volunteer, and, therefore, direct his/her individual activity, the resource of readiness that is implemented in rendering aid, is specifically related to them. In addition, it was found that the meaningfulness of activity on giving help can exhaust own high indicators in the relationship to the implementation of various motivational trends. In turn, it is also shown that individual value-motivational trends to be sensitive on age and gender. The identified features of the gender and age of the volunteer are an important component in the system of factors of the socio-psychological conditioning of volunteering activity. This allows it is to link the specifics of their impact with the characteristics of value-motivational trends, the motivational potential of which is realized by volunteers on giving to help. (shrink)

New prospects for mankind in searching for and developing new sources of energy, arms race, overcrowding and ecological crises present the human with a serious choice. The choice may relate to the further existence of people on Earth. In the context of most challenging political, economic and social crises, the tandem of natural and human sciences produces unexpected results, despite the crises accompanying these processes. This article presents a model of the society and a model of the human in the (...) systemic parametrical aspect. The human is considered as part of the “society” system. The research suggests applying the systems parametric method developed by Prof. A. Uyemov in the 1960s. Humanity creates increasingly frequent bifurcation conditions for human life. As an adaptive mechanism, the human has to develop survival strategies and well-being strategies. The paper presents some aspects of the adaptive mechanisms of the 21st century man. It also considers some threats arising out of environmental variability. Cyborgization is one of such threats. The research includes dual system modelling of the “society” system based on the complementarity principle. It shows that there are two definitions which have different concepts, structures and substrates but constitute the entirety of the object of interest. (shrink)

The article of Koval Anatoliy «Justice and equality as a social ideas in the texts of the New Testament» aims to study social ideas in the texts of the New Testament. Selected group of texts are the two major traditions of the New Testament text and reflect, in our opinion, two relatively autonomous interpretation of Christian kerygma. Taken into consideration two social ideas: justice and equality. These concepts are discussed in the context of the intention of the authors of (...) those texts and attempt to assess the degree of sociality these ideas. (shrink)

The destiny of Igor Ivanov, which was connected to the historical events, is showed. These events influenced the life of his family and his own as well. The role of komsomol and causes, which determined his attitude to the development of ideas of kommunarstvo, are specially highlighted. Contemporary rethinking of ideas of kommunar pedagogics as a pedagogical stream of the XX century is done. The key concept of this stream is organization of collective creative education in terms of generations’ fellowship (...) and shared concerns relations. (shrink)

A cabbage looper's job, in many respects not unlike our own, is to survive its early developmental period and grow up healthy, metamorphose into an adult moth, and beget the next generation of loopers. Given its numerous predators, exposure to the continuous barrage of toxic physical, chemical and biological agents delivered by humans in an effort to eradicate it, as well as nature's own hazards, such as the ultraviolet component of sunlight and hazardous natural chemicals in plants that serve to (...) deter ingestion by the looper, it is not difficult to view the looper as a highly stressed organism. However, the looper and its lepidopteran ancestors have been quite successful at resisting such hazards since the Mesozoic Era. The purpose of this brief review will be to examine some of the potential mechanisms by which the looper and its relatives have been able to be so successful over these past 200 million years. (shrink)

The crisis of the outdated education system in Ukraine has led to radical changes at all levels. One of such vital changes in 2016 was the New Ukrainian School reform introduced by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. It relies on critical theories of the postmodern philosophy of education. They are as follows: toleration of difference, rejection of stereotypes and child-centeredness; transformation of teacher’s authority and roles; individualization of the educational process. Importantly, the New Ukrainian School reform has (...) been launched in primary school as a fundamental part of the whole education system. In this regard, it is crucial to train primary school teachers of the new generation who will be able to implement the ideas of the New Ukrainian School. Consequently, it is extremely essential to update the system of corresponding training in higher education institutions in Ukraine. Therefore, the article aims to justify how future primary school teachers are trained for purposes of the New Ukrainian School in the postmodern era. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The BiRCh Project (The Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child Speech) involves collecting a longitudinal audio corpus of Russian spoken by children and their families in Russia, Ukraine, Germany, the U.S., and Canada. We are building a large-scale corpus based on a subset of this data, the “Parsed and Audio-aligned Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child and Child-directed Speech (BiRCh)” with two basic components: (1) 1-million-word transcripts which are time-aligned with the audio speech signal and fully textsearchable, and (2) a 500K-word (...) morphologically annotated and parsed portion of the transcripts, also audio-aligned. We are using this corpus to investigate various phenomena in the linguistic input and the developmental trajectory of heritage bilinguals, e.g., case, gender, passives, impersonals, politeness markers, disfluencies, and discourse markers. This article focuses on the challenges and solutions of the BiRCh development and the implications for research on the richly annotated data provided by the corpus. (shrink)

RESUMO O projeto BiRCh (The Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child Speech, Corpus de fala de crianças bilíngues em russo) envolve a construção de um corpus longitudinal composto de gravações de fala em russo produzida por crianças e suas famílias na Rússia, Ucrânia, Alemanha, EUA e Canadá. Estamos construindo um corpus de larga escala com base no conjunto dessas gravações, o ‘Parsed and Audio-aligned Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child and Child-directed Speech (BiRCh)’, com os dois componentes básicos: (1) as transcrições de (...) um milhão de palavras alinhadas com os arquivos de áudio, em que pode ser realizada a busca textual, e (2) as transcrições de 500 mil palavras anotadas morfologicamente e analisadas sintaticamente, também alinhadas com os arquivos de áudio. Estamos utilizando o corpus para investigar os diversos fenômenos no input linguístico e na trajetória do desenvolvimento de falantes de herança, tais como o uso de caso, gênero, construções passivas e impessoais, marcadores de polidez, disfluências e marcadores discursivos. Este artigo enfoca os desafios e soluções no processo da construção do BiRCh e as implicações para a pesquisa com base nos dados detalhadamente anotados fornecidos pelo corpus. (shrink)

ABSTRACTNaturalistic studies of emotional reactivity in depression have repeatedly found larger decreases in negative affect among depressed individuals in response to daily positive events. T...

Метою роботи є визначення особливостей вертепу на теренах Гуцульщини у XX–XXI столітті. Наукова новизна даного дослідження полягає у тому, що у порівняльній ретроспективі досліджено особливості вертепу на Гуцульщині. Зроблено висновок, що театральне мистецтво «Вертепу» є пізнішим елементом різдвяно-новорічних свят, і він позначений значним впливом християнської релігії. Встановлено, що на період ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. ці театралізовані дійства стали структурними частинами циклу зимових свят на Гуцульщині. Визначено, що вертеп трансформувався у напрямку переосмислення сучасних подій, однак основна ідея вертепу – це (...) перемога добра над злом, допомога Спасителя, залишилися підґрунтям для розробки та втілення сценарію. Методологія дослідження визначена метою статті, тому використані діалектичний, аналітичний, функціональний методи для з’ясування особливостей сучасного вертепу, його дійових осіб, сценаріїв; функціонально-інструментальний метод допоміг дослідити трансформації, які склалися у сучасному дійстві «вертеп». (shrink)

У статті розкрито роль фінансового моніторингу через аналіз основних показників діяльності центрального органу виконавчої влади в національній системі протидії легалізації коштів та фінансуванню тероризму - Державної служби фінансового моніторингу України.

The article investigates the issue of determination of activity as a social phenomenon in the context of the archetypal-value approach and proposes a methodology for analyzing social phenomena based on it. In particular, the principles of traditional praxeological and innovative archetypal-value approaches to activity are compared and common and distinctive features in their methodology are singled out. It is believed that the archetypal-value approach is relevant for the analysis of socio-cultural activities, because it takes into account three projections in which (...) it is carried out: personal as subjective, transpersonal as objective and interpersonal as intersubjective. From the position of socio-philosophical analysis, the generalization of the procedural characteristics of activity as its conceptual foundations is carried out. The analysis of the level and quality of the influence of archetypes on the activity is made on the basis of interpretation of archetypes in their connection with the concepts of “value”, “image”, “pattern”, “symbol”. The functional deterministic influence of archetypes and values presented in them on orientation and coordination, stereotyping and standardization, integration and systematization as indispensable components of any kind of activity is characterized. (shrink)

Characterizing the first- and third-person perspectives is essential to the study of consciousness, yet we lack a rigorous definition of or criteria for these two perspectives. Our intuitive understanding of how personal pronouns help to specify the perspectives gives rise to mutually exclusive notions of the first-person perspective. This contradiction thwarts our progress in studying consciousness. We can resolve the current ambiguity of the first-person perspective by introducing a new distinction between the first-person and third-person perspectives, based on two modes (...) of consciousness: reflective and non-reflective. The purpose of this paper is to explain this new proposal, to elucidate the grounds for it, and to briefly suggest benefits from its use. (shrink)

Islamic philosophy; Islamic thought; Greek philosophy.

al-juzʼ 1. al-Mushkilāt al-falsafīyah -- al-juzʼ 2. Taṭawwur manāhij al-ʻulūm.

This book attempts to gain a new insight into the world of Philosophy.

Dr. Mashbad Al-Allaf presents and interprets the ideas and philosophy of the major figures of Islamic philosophy.

У статті розглянуто питання особливостей глобалізаційного процесу на прикладі китайської традиційної культури. Зокрема автор зосереджує увагу на актуальному для сучасного філософського дискурсу питанні щодо способів поєднання нацією принципів культурної та соціальної традиційності зі світовими тенденціями постмодерного індустріального суспільства. Доводиться на прикладі китайської традиції, що на даному етапі розвитку Китаю вдається успішно застосовувати позитивні тенденції глобалізації у своїх національних інтересах, зокрема економічних, не втрачаючи при цьому культурної національної ідентичності. Автор обстоює думку, що ядром етнічної ідентичності китайців, їхньої несхожості на представників будь-яких (...) інших культур, стало конфуціанство, яке являє собою фундаментальне етико-соціальне вчення, що століттями формувало суспільні, культурні, моральні тощо цінності китайського етносу. Конфуціанська культура заснована на світському понятті «доброчесного мужа», носія головних моральних властивостей: справедливості і гуманності. Автор доходить висновку, що засадничим принципом глобальних процесів щодо китайської культури є опертя виключно на національні традиційні ментальні образи, які є навіки сталими, перманентними і непорушними. Стверджується, що сучасний стан інтеграційних та інноваційних процесів китайського суспільства має своєю передумовою активний пошук способів і шляхів розвитку соціокультурних інновацій на тлі економічної та культурної глобалізації, прагнення до модернізації та індустріалізації власної економіки та суспільства з метою розвитку його внутрішніх потреб, спираючись виключно на цінності традиційної культури. (shrink)

If Spinoza is a thinker very present in the Faculties of Philosophy, on the other hand, he is presented as one of the great forgotten of the humanist programs of secondary education. Contrary to what happened with other philosophers, who had more chance of spreading in non-specialized contexts (we can cite Nietzsche, Pascal, Plato or Schopenhauer as obvious examples), Spinoza is generally considered a excessively systematic author, and complex, whose works would have been written for a small group of scholars. (...) Nothing could be further from the truth. Spinoza’s life was full of completely surprising events, from his estrangement from the Jewish community (which repudiated him in a strict and disagreeable way), through his dalliances with heterodox currents which gradually grew in power, until his meeting with Leibniz and his intrepid travels. from one part of his native Holland to another. In this article, we examine the concept of desire in Spinoza's philosophy and its connection to the philosopher's decision to find the greater good. Since the greatest good, in turn, is nothing but its own enjoyment, we conclude that ignoring its existence, seeking it, and living it are, respectively, the conditions of the vulgar, the philosopher, and the wise, as what happened in the Garden of Epicurus. (shrink)

The phenomenon of volunteer activity is actively studied by psychologists and sociologists from different countries. Despite the fact that the interpretation of volunteering has some distinctive features due to cultural differences, they do not contradict each other in general. The greatest interest is aroused by the motives and values of volunteers, the study of which has become significant in sociological and psychological research over the past decade. This article presents studies of the motives and values of Russian volunteers.

The present article deals with reported speech as an element of argumentation in the newspaper discourse of Great Britain viewed in the unity of its syntactic and semantic characteristics and argumentative functions. Theoretically, the research is based on the dialogic understanding of quotations, the dialogue theory by Bakhtin and contemporary argumentation theory. The proposed integral approach to reported speech combining linguistics with logic and argumentation theory revealed the relations between purely linguistic characteristics of reported speech with its functioning in argumentative (...) discourse of contemporary British press. (shrink)