BackgroundMoral distress (MD) is the psychological damage caused when people are forced to witness or carry out actions which go against their fundamental moral values. The main objective was to evaluate the prevalence and predictive factors associated with MD among health professionals during the pandemic and to determine its causes.MethodsA regional, observational and cross-sectional study in a sample of 566 professionals from the Public Health Service of Andalusia (68.7% female; 66.9% physicians) who completed the MMD-HP-SPA scale to determine the level (...) of MD (0-432 points). Five dimensions were used: i) Health care; ii) Therapeutic obstinacy-futility, iii) Interpersonal relations of the Healthcare Team, iv) External pressure; v) Covering up of medical malpractice.ResultsThe mean level of MD was 127.3 (SD=66.7; 95% CI 121.8-132.8), being higher in female (135 vs. 110.3; p<0.01), in nursing professionals (137.8 vs. 122; p<0.01) and in the community setting (136.2 vs. 118.3; p<0.001), with these variables showing statistical significance in the multiple linear regression model (p<0.001; r2=0.052). With similar results, the multiple logistic regression model showed being female was a higher risk factor (OR=2.27; 95% CI 1.5-3.4; p<0.001). 70% of the sources of MD belonged to the dimension "Health Care" and the cause "Having to attend to more patients than I can safely attend to" obtained the highest average value (Mean=9.8; SD=4.9).ConclusionsFemale, nursing professionals, and those from the community setting presented a higher risk of MD. The healthcare model needs to implement an ethical approach to public health issues to alleviate MD among its professionals. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendemos demostrar la existencia de una teoría de la propiedad en la obra de Joaquín Costa. Esta subyace tanto en sus escritos dirigidos a influir en la política de su tiempo como en sus estudios filosóficos de otros autores. En ese sentido, trataremos de discernir cuál es el posicionamiento de Costa entre todos aquellos que estudia, así como de mostrar con exactitud cuáles son los orígenes de la teoría de este autor, los cuales se pueden localizar en (...) la teología política del catolicismo social, las prácticas colectivistas del mundo agrario español y los autores de la que denomina escuela española del derecho. En ese sentido, aclararemos cuál es el lugar de la teoría económica costista ―el colectivismo agrario― entre las teorías modernas de la propiedad, singularmente en su relación con el socialismo. Finalmente, mostraremos la estrecha relación entre propiedad y derecho consuetudinario en Costa. Todo ello nos servirá para mostrar la posibilidad de entender a Costa como un autor fértil para la tradición progresista española. (shrink)

In the present work, we propose to explore the passage from critique to commodity fetishism and, in general, of capital in Karl Marx to the critique of the fetishism of power in Enrique Dussel. Marx's category of fetishism and its use in the political field has been suggested by the Latin American philosopher for the negative critique moment of his Politics of Liberation, however, it has not been explicitly developed in his passage from the economic field to the political field. (...) We think that its explicit thematic treatment is important since it seems to us the central category in the critique of politics and the possible alternatives towards a new order. The text is presented in three parts: The first part reviews the historical necessity of the State form and its inevitable possibility of fetishization. In the second one, it recovers the category People and their Will-of-life as anti-fetishist fundament of the political power. And, in the third, we made the exposition of the logical passage from the economic field to the political field, that is, from the fetishism of capital to the fetishism of power between Marx and Dussel. (shrink)

This work analyses the speech-act of arguing as proposed by Linguistic Normative Model of Argumentation (LNMA) with the help of diagrams, examples and basic formalization techniques. The focus is set on one of the most novel issues of LNMA, modal qualification, and the distinction between epistemic and ontological modals. The first conclusion is that employing LNMA in order to analyse and evaluate actual argumentation as it is proposed is too complex to be applied as is. The second conclusion, at a (...) theoretical level, is that the distinction between ontological and epistemic modals is highly problematic in LNMA. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Diversos estudios han concluido que los pacientes con daño en la Corteza Frontal –CF– o Corteza Prefrontal Ventromedial –CPV– muestran una disposición a herir directamente a otra persona con el fin de salvar varias vidas en sus respuestas a los “dilemas morales personales”, revelando una posible carencia de empatía. No obstante, cuando evalúan conductas carentes de empatía sin justificación utilitarista, sus respuestas son normales. Defendemos aquí que los pacientes sufren una deficiencia cognitiva relacionada con la hipótesis de marcador somático de (...) Damasio y con juicios de valor. Criticamos la hipótesis del “paciente utilitarista”, que se ha atrincherado en la neurociencia cognitiva. (shrink)

RESUMEN Diversos estudios han concluido que los pacientes con daño en la Corteza Frontal -CF- o Corteza Prefrontal Ventromedial -CPV- muestran una disposición a herir directamente a otra persona con el fin de salvar varias vidas en sus respuestas a los "dilemas morales personales", revelando una posible carencia de empatía. No obstante, cuando evalúan conductas carentes de empatía sin justificación utilitarista, sus respuestas son normales. Defendemos aquí que los pacientes sufren una deficiencia cognitiva relacionada con la hipótesis de marcador somático (...) de Damasio y con juicios de valor. Criticamos la hipótesis del "paciente utilitarista", que se ha atrincherado en la neurociencia cognitiva. ABSTRACT In their answers to questions regarding "personal moral dilemmas", patients with lesions to the Frontal Cortex -FC- or Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex -vmPFC- display a disposition to directly injure another person in order to save lives, thus revealing a possible lack of empathy. However, their answers are normal when they evaluate behaviors lacking in empathy but without a utilitarian justification. We here defend that those patients suffer from a cognitive deficiency associated with Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis and with value judgments. The article critiques the "utilitarian patient" hypothesis that has become deeply rooted in cognitive neuroscience. RESUMO Diversos estudos têm concluído que os pacientes com danos no Córtex Frontal (CF) ou Córtex Pré-frontal Ventromedial (CPV) mostram uma disposição a ferir diretamente a outra pessoa com o objetivo de salvar várias vidas em suas respostas aos "dilemas morais pessoais", o que revela uma possível carência de empatia. Contudo, quando avaliam condutas carentes de empatia sem justificativa utilitarista, suas respostas são normais. Defendemos aqui que os pacientes sofrem uma deficiência cognitiva relacionada com a hipótese de marcador somático de Damásio e com juízos de valor. Criticamos a hipótese do "paciente utilitarista", que vem se refugiando na neurociência cognitiva. (shrink)

Twitter sirve plataforma a movimientos feministas como #MeeToo y potencia el uso del lenguaje inclusivo con textismos específicos que utilizan la -@ y -x como marca de género inclusivo. Se estudia el uso de docentes que trabajan con adolescentes de estas marcas en comunidades educativas virtuales en Twitter mediante minería de datos y análisis de texto. Los resultados muestran un elevado uso de -@ y -x entre los docentes en sus interacciones, lo que los convierte en modelos de la adopción (...) de propuestas lingüísticas innovadoras por la igualdad que posteriormente pueden ser adoptadas por los adolescentes en sus comunicaciones digitales. (shrink)

Se trata de una reseña del libro de Belvedresi, Rosa, La filosofía de la historia hoy: preguntas y problemas, Rosario, Prohistoria Ediciones, 172 páginas. ARK: ark:/s18537960/vz0cdnohf.

El concepto de postfotografía es uno de los más fértiles que ha dado la estética contemporánea. En el presente artículo pretendemos estudiar la posible participación de las poblaciones migrantes en la condición postfotográfica. Igualmente, comentaremos desde la teoría de la postfotografía tres imágenes y obras audiovisuales ligadas a la migración en el siglo XXI. A través de ellas, se mostrará la posible aplicación del concepto de postfotografía a obras relacionadas con la migración. Asimismo, a partir de ellas creemos poder localizar (...) algunos límites a lo postfotográfico y a su potencialidad política. (shrink)

The humanitarian action carried out by the Local Police in the different shanty towns of foreigners in the Huelva area, specifically in the town of Moguer, has been extraordinary. Coordinated at all times with the City Council of Moguer and the Social Services of the municipality, where an unprecedented plan of action was developed to alleviate the basic needs of foreigners living in subhuman conditions in the middle of nature.

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it’s multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of (...) Return to Play with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan’s iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes’ incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success. (shrink)

A lo largo de la historia el ser humano ha sentido interés por el fenómeno del movimiento y su vínculo con la ilusión de vida; diferentes mecanismos y sistemas articulados se han construido con el fin de insuflar vida en seres inertes. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la cualidad móvil del acto creador presente en diferentes campos socioculturales, desde el misticismo hasta los avances tecnológicos. Se parte del enigma del anima, y su conexión con los creadores, denominados ejecutantes y sus (...) creaciones, denominadas “avatares encarnados”. Se analizan las relaciones de control-libertad, dependencia-independencia entre el ejecutante y su “avatar encarnado”; como también el grado de aceptación que tiene la audiencia al ver las creaciones reproducidas bajo el dispositivo diacrónico. La transición del autómata al personaje animado constata la evolución de los sistemas de representación y reconocimiento del movimiento. (shrink)

Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence. Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct’s nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% (...) from Chile, 28% from Peru, and 49% from Spain. The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling and analysis of covariance. Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education, although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy. (shrink)

Esta obra se concentra en cuatro temas cruciales de la formación de docentes, tanto antes como durante el servicio y en la enseñanza en diferentes áreas y niveles educativos. En primer lugar, se aborda el asunto de las creencias que los docentes tienen sobre el proceso educativo, las cuales parecen influir en la práctica profesional que estos desarrollan y, por lo tanto, deberían recibir la atención explícita de los procesos de formación de docentes que deseen promover prácticas específicas. El segundo (...) tema de la obra es la relación entre la formación de docentes y la política pública que la rige. En particular, se analizan las reformas curriculares implementadas por varias licenciaturas en universidades privadas colombianas, en respuesta a reformas a la normatividad sobre las condiciones de calidad que a las que deben ajustarse todas las licenciaturas del país. El tercer tema analizado es en qué medida los docentes en educación superior van más allá del dominio de su saber disciplinar atribuyendo importancia a la pedagogía, la didáctica y la práctica reflexiva en su propia práctica docente. Finalmente, se discuten aspectos de la formación de docentes relacionados con los procesos vividos y los retos encontrados por los docentes al entrar en la profesión, su socialización en la comunidad docente, sus identidades como maestros y su motivación para ser docentes. Vale la pena señalar que las contribuciones a este libro comparten el uso de metodologías cualitativas y presentan los resultados de historias de vida, entrevistas, observaciones, y análisis documentales, entre otros. (shrink)

El resultado investigativo se centra en una de las prioridades de la línea del polo científico territorial y nacional: la necesidad de rescatar el papel de la intelectualidad cubana durante la República. Se analiza el papel de la cultura y la cubanía en la cosmovisión filosófica de Juan Marinello. El método empleado presupone un análisis dialéctico de la realidad, sustentado en una perspectiva crítica que permite interpretar y enriquecer la concepción sobre los hechos y procesos históricos. Desde una visión holística (...) del pensamiento filosófico cubano se revela la complejidad de un fenómeno multifactorial, la cubanía, como construcción cultural, a partir de la articulación de la concepción martiana y marxista de la cultura y los valores, lo que constituye un acierto del quehacer teórico - práctico marinelliano. El conocimiento de esta perspectiva enriquece los estudios sobre la obra de este intelectual y contribuye a dilucidar el devenir ideo-artístico y cultural cubano. The result of the research focuses on one of the priorities of the territorial and national scientific pole line: the need to recover the role of Cuban intellectuals during the Republic. The role of culture and Cubanism in Juan Marinello's philosophical world view is analyzed. The method used presupposes a dialectical analysis of reality, based on a critical perspective which allows to interpret and enrich the understanding of events and historical processes. From a holistic point of view of the Cuban philosophical thinking, Cubanism, a complex multifactorial phenomenon, is revealed as a cultural construction, starting from the articulation of Marti's and Marx's conception of culture and values, which is a good result of Marinello's theoretical-practical work. The knowledge of this perspective enriches the studies on the work of this intellectual and contributes to the clarification of the Cuban ideo-artistic and cultural evolution. (shrink)

Ciencias sociales : saberes coloniales y eurocéntricos / Edgardo Lander / - Europa modernidad y eurocentrismo / Enrique Dussel / - La colonialidad a lo largo y a lo ancho : el hemisferio occidental en el horizonte colonial de la modernidad / Walter D. Mignolo / - Naturaleza del poscolonialismo : del eurocentrismo al globocentrismo / Fernando Coronil / - El lugar de la naturaleza y la naturaleza del lugar : ¿globalización o postdesarrollo? / Arturo Escobar / - Ciencias sociales, (...) violencia epistémica y el problema de la invención del otro / Santiago Castro-Gómez / - Superar la exclusión, conquistar la equidad : reformas, políticas y capacidades en el ámbito social / Alejandro Moreno / - Abrir, impensar, y redimesionar las ciencias sociales en América Latina y el Caribe. ¿Es posible una ciencia social no eurocéntrica en nuestra región? / Francisco López Segrera / - Colonialidad del poder, eurocentrismo y América Latina / Aníbal Quijano. (shrink)

The letter from Arius to Alexander of Alexandria, also known as «Arius’ profession of faith», has been transmitted in its original language, Greek, by Athanasius (De Synodis) and Epiphanius (Panarion). Also, Hilary of Poitiers quotes a Latin translation of the letter twice (De Trinitate IV and VI). The comparative study of the two Greek versions and the Latin translation reveals small textual variants, which points to the independence of the three testimonies. The textual variant (κτιστὴν, instead of κριτὴν) is the (...) most interesting; it comes from a Greek version that has not been preserved. However, our work has been able to reconstruct this lost textual variant using an ancient and forgotten conjecture of Erich Klostermann. (shrink)

Los interesantes aportes del Prof. Ramírez Gómez tratan sobre el papel que el mercado debe jugar en una sociedad democrática, y con este propósito sugiere que éste debería responder a las preferencias del gobierno y no a las preferencias individuales. Nuestra réplica amistosa plantea que este argumento debe ser ampliado para evitar interpretaciones que lo confundan con las fórmulas experimentadas por las economías de planificación total, que han mostrado su ineficiencia en la provisión de valores de uso pertinentes. En este (...) sentido, sostenemos que el mercado debe estar subordinado a las preferencias individuales facilitando la libertad de las personas en la elección de alternativas de inversión y consumo, hasta el punto en que tal ejercicio sólo pueda hacerse sobre el menoscabo de un razonable ejercicio de libertad por parte de las demás. (shrink)

La caricatura de Garzón, que aparece en el periódico El Espectador con el título de Cartones, es una caricatura filosófica, un dibujo del alma humana, en contraste con la de su contemporáneo Osuna que es la clásica caricatura política. Garzón prescinde, en general, de las palabras y critica con humor seco la insensatez. Adopta en sus dibujos del alma una posición ética que repudia el espíritu mercantil de nuestra época. El hombrecillo protagonista de sus dibujos recuerda los hombres grises, creados (...) por Michael Ende, en su novela Momo. En el maletín los hombrecillos de Garzón llevan el tiempo, pero también, como en una caja de Pandora, portan muchos otros de los pseudovalores que los humanos empleamos para autodestruirnos. Sin embargo, en ese mismo maletín muchos hombres llevan la esperanza. La obra de Garzón nos plantea tres desafíos: (I) el problema de la percepción, con la cual vemos y oímos solamente lo que podemos y queremos ver y oir, poniendo en jaque la objetividad; (II) el problema del lenguaje, que resuelve dejando el texto implícito, como Nicolás Gómez Dávila, invitándonos a escribir nuestros propios escolios; (III) el problema del instante y de nuestra inevitable relación con el tiempo, cuyo planteamiento nos deja entrever jirones de Heidegger y de Ende, cuando él dice, al comentar su propia obra que “conocemos desde donde estamos”. Garzón, de muchos de sus Cartones, ha hecho grabados, duplicando en esta forma la energía creadora de su obra periodística, dándose y dándonos un placer estético redoblado con genial generosidad. (shrink)

Jerónimo Salvador de Araujo, in this brief treatise, argues why it should be considered that there is a philosophy of arms, as well as why said philosophy must conform a science. For this purpose, he will rely on the Sacred Scriptures as an initial legitimation and, throughout the argumentation, on Aristotle and his definitions of universal science, particular science, technique, etc. The whole treatise is structured following syllogistic forms of Aristotelian origin.

RESUMEN Este artículo teje una relación entre el proceso de acumulación de tierras y el despojo en Colombia, para pensar, desde una perspectiva espacial, la relación que se construye con la guerra. El enclave teórico de este artículo sostiene que la colonialidad del poder es también una forma de disociación de la tierra que complejiza la experiencia de la servidumbre. A través de una lectura de pensadores como Marx, Harvey, Castro-Gómez y Mariátegui problematiza la experiencia del despojo de tierras en (...) Colombia y la economía del poder que de allí se desprende. ABSTRACT This paper exposes a relation between the accumulation and dispossession process of land in Colombia as a product of war, from a perspective of space. The theoretical frame of this paper assumes that coloniality of power is a complex form of dissociation of the land, one that transforms the experience of serfdom. Via reading thinkers like Marx, Harvey, Castro-Gómez, and Mariátegui, this paper problematizes the experiences of dispossession of land in Colombia and the economy of power that it engenders. (shrink)

Alfonso Gómez-Lobo seeks to unravel in this work the ethical doctrines truly taught by Socrates. Without venturing into the complexities of the "historical Socrates," the author offers a brief treatment of the relation of the sources, indicating the problems which they pose and the bases on which he founds his study. Plato's dialogues are evidently the most important ones, although Gómez-Lobo considers Aristotle's testimony to be highly reliable; and to discern among the doctrines contained in the dialogues that which is (...) authentically Socratic, he refers to this latter account. Aristotle's major affirmations regarding Socrates are confirmed fully in the early Platonic dialogues and partially in the dialogues of the middle period. (shrink)

_Resumen_ En una entrevista de la segunda edición de _Crítica de la razón latinoamericana, _Castro-Gómez plantea un debate entre dos técnicas historiográficas que se disputaban legitimidad: Historia de las ideas y Genealogía de las prácticas. Según él mismo, el primer proyecto _nace muerto_, pues se trata de historiar las creencias de América Latina a través de ideas de una élite académica. En adición, asevera que la Genealogía de las prácticas es la historiografía más adecuada, pues ella revela la cosmovisión contingentemente (...) construida de cada grupo humano a partir de experiencias particulares. No obstante, se argumentará que, lejos de ser antitéticas, ambas formas de historiar pueden complementarse. El presente trabajo es el intento de dicha complementación a través de un caso particular: la incursión del marxismo en el Perú. _Palabras clave: _Marxismo, Genealogía de las prácticas, Historia de las ideas, Foucault, Castro-Gomez. (shrink)

Dícese que en respuesta a los cataclismos políticos, económicos y sociales posteriores a la muerte del que quiso ser Diógenes el Cínico pero, no pudiendo, tuvo que resignarse con ser Alejandro Magno, surge la escuela estoica. Exhortaban ellos, casi hasta la náusea, a concentrarnos en lo eph’ hēmîn (“lo que depende de nosotros”), entre otras razones porque allí yacen toda libertad y felicidad humanas: de entre los billones de cosas que hay y suceden en el cosmos, la gran mayoría (...) está fuera de nuestro poder, sólo un puñado depende de nosotros, puñado en el cual reside nuestra posibilidad de obrar libremente y, al hacerlo como es debido, nuestra posibilidad de ser felices. Es mantra estoico: si eliges dedicarte a lo que no depende de ti, o si eliges dedicarte a lo que depende de ti pero malamente, y entonces tu infelicidad está garantizada. (shrink)

Slurs’ meaning is highly unstable. A slurring utterance like ‘Hey, F, where have you been?’ (where F is a slur) may receive a wide array of interpretations depending on various contextual factors such as the speaker’s social identity, their relationship to the target group, tone of voice, and more. Standard semantic, pragmatic, and non-content theories of slurs have proposed different mechanisms to account for some or all types of variability observed, but without providing a unified framework that allows us to (...) understand how different contextual factors simultaneously influence slurs’ interpretation. To address this issue, I argue that slurs convey dimensional qualities such as, e.g., ‘negative valence, neutral arousal, high dominance’ instead of discrete emotional categories such as ‘contempt’. Then, I translate this hypothesis into a game-theoretic model of slurs’ interpretation inspired by Heather Burnett’s pioneering work on identity construction. This new model, called ‘Affective Meaning Games’ (AMG), captures the variability of slurs and integrates pragmatic reasoning within an independently motivated psychological understanding of emotional states. (shrink)

Mirativity is a grammatical category or a linguistic strategy that makes explicit the surprising aspect of a piece of information. Different mirativity strategies appear in different languages. Evidentiality is a grammatical category that explicitly expresses the source of information, i.e. if something has been seen, heard or inferred. Whether mirativity forms part of evidentiality is an open question. An agent makes use of a mirativity marker when she or he expresses something about a surprising fact with respect to her or (...) his background knowledge. But there are different kinds of mirativity markers. Some of them are simple and direct and others, more complex, involve inferential processes. Here, we focus on complex mirativity and we compare it with inferred evidentials and deferred realizations. Our proposal goes beyond the purely linguistic analysis, since we try to interpret mirativity, and its role in interaction, as forming part of or involving a particular kind of inference, namely abduction. Mirativity can be used to express the surprising state that triggers an abductive reasoning but it can also encapsulate its result in such a way that it can be understood in relation to evidentiality. Thus, at least in some cases of complex mirativity, mirativity may convey indication about the source of information. Interesting for studies on dialogue is that they also indicate the degree of commitment of the speakers with the content of their own utterances. (shrink)

Ensayos-homenaje en el primer centenario del nacimiento del fil sofo espa ol, que abordan diversos aspectos de la obra de Ortega. Los cuatro trabajos dibujan con rigor algunos de los horizontes planteados por el maestro y respetan la debida modernidad conceptual. la compilaci n estuvo a cargo de Fernando Salmer n, Alejandro Rossi, Luis Villoro y Ram n Xirau.

This book provides both an introduction to the philosophy of scientific modeling and a contribution to the discussion and clarification of two recent philosophical conceptions of models: artifactualism and fictionalism. These can be viewed as different stances concerning the standard representationalist account of scientific models. By better understanding these two alternative views, readers will gain a deeper insight into what a model is as well as how models function in different sciences. Fictionalism has been a traditional epistemological stance related to (...) antirealist construals of laws and theories, such as instrumentalism and inferentialism. By contrast, the more recent fictional view of models holds that scientific models must be conceived of as the same kind of entities as literary characters and places. This approach is essentially an answer to the ontological question concerning the nature of models, which in principle is not incompatible with a representationalist account of the function of models. The artifactual view of models is an approach according to which scientific models are epistemic artifacts, whose main function is not to represent the phenomena but rather to provide epistemic access to them. It can be conceived of as a non-representationalist and pragmatic account of modeling, which does not intend to focus on the ontology of models but rather on the ways they are built and used for different purposes. The different essays address questions such as the artifactual view of idealization, the use of information theory to elucidate the concepts of abstraction and idealization, the deidealization of models, the nature of scientific fictions, the structural account of representation and the ontological status of structures, the role of surrogative reasoning with models, and the use of models for explaining and predicting physical phenomena. (shrink)

This investigation is a conversation-analytic study of Mexican Spanish news interviews. It focuses on the question-answer adjacency pair in which interviewees are questioned, directly or indirectly, by the interviewers about the legality of their wealth in light of corruption allegations. The questions examined display strategies to generate news: content questions elicit a contrast; statement formulated questions followed by a request for confirmation give the opportunity to accept or deny the allegations, in contrast to statements which create a confrontational context. Non-type-conforming (...) answers evade answering and type-conforming answers contain resistance elements. The IE minimize the allegations by repairing and providing a downgraded version, or use other resources to suggest that their activities are of common order, hence not newsworthy. The IE display evasion by addressing only certain elements of the question and counter the allegations by casting doubt on the professionalism of the IR. (shrink)

Nuestro frenesí de comunicación e información hace que las cosas des- aparezcan y devengan en no-cosas, también llamadas informaciones (Han, 2021: 10). El marco ontológico presente es resultado de un desplazamiento que va del ocaso de las cosas al consumo rápido y frenético de no-cosas. En este entorno intangible el ser humano ya no maneja ninguna cosa. Las no cosas son aquellas cosas puramente intangibles, que no pueden aprehenderse con las manos. Lo único que le queda de las manos al (...) ser humano que habita este entorno son las yemas de los dedos con las que presiona las teclas para jugar con símbolos (Flusser, 2002: 107). ¿Qué efectos contrae este nuevo paradigma vital en el campo de la educación? ¿Qué significa educar en y trabajar con no-cosas? (shrink)

The presentation of the “dual picture of vagueness” in my earlier work is supplemented here with a number of additional considerations. I emphasize how the picture lends itself naturally to treatments of the contribution of a typical degree adjective to propositional content and to truth conditions. A number of reasonable refinements of the picture are presented, especially concerning occasions of use of a degree adjective in which a class containing a sorites series is somehow involved in content fixing, but in (...) such a way that an extension ultimately gets fixed for the predicate. I also develop the observation that standard theories of the logical and semantic paradoxes rely on the idea that the content-fixing mechanisms for the paradoxical expressions work well in general but fail in some localized cases, and that while standard theories of the sorites paradox are clearly not based on this idea at all, the dual theory is fully based on the idea. Next, I offer a few remarks on some recent theories of vagueness and the sorites that are broadly in the spirit of the dual picture, emphasizing the aspects where the latter compares favorably against those recent theories. Finally, the question whether the dual theory is statable with truth according to the theory itself is considered in more detail than in my earlier presentation. (shrink)

Tarski implicitly postulated that a certain pre-theoretical concept of logical consequence and his technical concept of logical consequence are co-extensional. This chapter makes explicit a few theses about logical consequence or logical truth that sound Tarskian somehow, including one that most deserves the name ‘Tarski's Thesis’. Some of these theses are probably true or close to true but weaker than Tarski's. Some are false but stronger than Tarski's. Tarski's Thesis plausibly postulated that a sentence of a classical language possibly extended (...) with non-traditional extensional logical constants is logically true, if it is true in all classical interpretations of all its non-logical constants. But it is noted that this thesis turns out to be false on most conceptions of logical truth, for some sentences of a classical language extended with extensional logical constants are true in all classical interpretations of all its non-logical constants, but are not necessary. (shrink)

This paper argues that all-purpose pejoratives such as ‘jerk’ or ‘bastard’ are just plain vanilla descriptions of personality traits that are generally seen as impairing for the self and for interpersonal relationships across different contexts. Thus, all-purpose pejoratives derogate their referents through generalized conversational implicatures: it is common knowledge that those who use these terms accept certain kind of (negative) evaluations and that uses of those terms express such evaluations. One of the main advantages of this approach is that it (...) can be extended to more ‘thick’ pejoratives such as ‘wimp’ or ‘chicken’, which, as Kaplan (1998) himself suggested, are ‘purely descriptive’ of personality traits that are generally seen as ‘personal failings’. Before defending this theory, I criticize i) the standard assumption that allpurpose pejoratives are expressive and ii) the alternative semantic view that allpurpose pejoratives are conventionally associated with a judge parameter. (shrink)