Intuitive-automatic processes are crucial for making judgements and decisions. The fascinating complexity of these processes has attracted many decision researchers, prompting them to start investigating intuition empirically and to develop numerous models. Dual-process models assume a clear distinction between intuitive and deliberate processes but provide no further differentiation within both categories. We go beyond these models and argue that intuition is not a homogeneous concept, but a label used for different cognitive mechanisms. We suggest that these mechanisms have to be (...) distinguished to allow for fruitful investigations of intuition. Specifically, we argue that researchers should concentrate on investigating the processes underlying intuition before making strong claims about its performance. We summarise current models for intuition and propose a categorisation according to the underlying cognitive processes: (a) associative intuition based on simple learning-retrieval processes, (b) matching intuition based on comparisons with prototypes/exemplars, (c) accumulative intuition based on automatic evidence accumulation, and (d) constructive intuition based on construction of mental representations. We discuss how this differentiation might help to clarify the relationship between affect and intuition and we derive a very general hypothesis as to when intuition will lead to good decisions and when it will go astray. (shrink)

Intuitive-automatic processes are crucial for making judgements and decisions. The fascinating complexity of these processes has attracted many decision researchers, prompting them to start investigating intuition empirically and to develop numerous models. Dual-process models assume a clear distinction between intuitive and deliberate processes but provide no further differentiation within both categories. We go beyond these models and argue that intuition is not a homogeneous concept, but a label used for different cognitive mechanisms. We suggest that these mechanisms have to be (...) distinguished to allow for fruitful investigations of intuition. Specifically, we argue that researchers should concentrate on investigating the processes underlying intuition before making strong claims about its performance. We summarise current models for intuition and propose a categorisation according to the underlying cognitive processes: (a) associative intuition based on simple learning-retrieval processes, (b) matching intuition based on comparisons with prototypes/exemplars, (c) accumulative intuition based on automatic evidence accumulation, and (d) constructive intuition based on construction of mental representations. We discuss how this differentiation might help to clarify the relationship between affect and intuition and we derive a very general hypothesis as to when intuition will lead to good decisions and when it will go astray. (shrink)

Whereas classic work in judgment and decision making has focused on the deviation of intuition from rationality, more recent research has focused on the performance of intuition in real-world environments. Borrowing from both approaches, we investigate to which extent competing models of intuitive probabilistic decision making overlap with choices according to the axioms of probability theory and how accurate those models can be expected to perform in real-world environments. Specifically, we assessed to which extent heuristics, models implementing weighted additive information (...) integration (WADD), and the parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) network model approximate the Bayesian solution and how often they lead to correct decisions in a probabilistic decision task. PCS and WADD outperform simple heuristics on both criteria with an approximation of 88.8% and a performance of 73.7%. Results are discussed in the light of selection of intuitive processes by reinforcement learning. (shrink)

Since the Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series (KSMS) was first published in 1997, it has served as the authoritative book series in the field. Starting from 2011 the Kierkegaard Studies Monograph Series will intensify the peer-review process with a new editorial and advisory board. KSMS is published on behalf of the Søren Kierkegaard Research Centre at the University of Copenhagen. KSMS publishes outstanding monographs in all fields of Kierkegaard research. This includes Ph.D. dissertations, Habilitation theses, conference proceedings and single author works (...) by senior scholars. The goal of KSMS is to advance Kierkegaard studies by encouraging top-level scholarship in the field. The editorial and advisory boards are deeply committed to creating a genuinely international forum for publication which integrates the many different traditions of Kierkegaard studies and brings them into a constructive and fruitful dialogue. To this end the series publishes monographs in English and German. Potential authors should consult the Submission guidelines. All submissions will be blindly refereed by established scholars in the field. Only high-quality manuscripts will be accepted for publication. Potential authors should be prepared to make changes to their texts based on the comments received by the referees. (shrink)

The majority consensus in the empirical literature is that probability weighting functions are typically inverse-S shaped, that is, people tend to overweight small and underweight large probabilities. A separate stream of literature has reported event-splitting effects and shown that they can explain violations of expected utility. This leads to the questions whether the observed shape of weighting functions is a mere consequence of the coalesced presentation and, more generally, whether preference elicitation should rely on presenting lotteries in a canonical split (...) form instead of the commonly used coalesced form. We analyze data from a binary choice experiment where all lottery pairs are presented in both split and coalesced forms. Our results show that the presentation in a split form leads to a better fit of expected utility theory and to probability weighting functions that are closer to linear. We thus provide some evidence that the extent of probability weighting is not an ingrained feature, but rather a result of processing difficulties. (shrink)

Vorwort Fruhe Abhandlungen zum Verstandnis der Phanomenologie des Geistes. I. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Hegelschen Geisteswelt - II. Hegels Aesthetik-Vorlesungen in ihrem Verhaltnis zur Phanomenologie des Geistes - III. Hebbel und Hegel. Ein Versuch zur Erfassung ihres gemeinsamen Ideen-Bereichs Der Begriff in Hegels Philosophie. Versuch einer logischen Einleitung in das metalogische Grundproblem des Hegelianismus. Vorbemerkungen - Erster Abschnitt: Wandlungen des Begriffs Begriff von Aristoteles bis Hegel (im Abriss dargestellt) - I. Logik und Erkenntnistheorie: der Weg vom Begriff zum Urteil - II. (...) Erkenntnistheorie und Philosophie: der Weg vom Urteil zum Gegenstand - III. Philosophie und Welt: der Weg vom theoretischen Gegenstand zur theoretisch-atheoretischen Welterfahrung Zweiter Abschnitt: Wandlungen des Begriffs Begriff innerhalb der Hegelschen Philosophie. I. Der Begriff in seiner ursprunglich-logischen Bedeutung - II. Die Idee, eine uberlogische Gestalt des Begriffes - III. Der Geist, die metaphysische Wurzel der Idee und damit des Begriffes in seiner uberlogischen Gestalt. - Hegels Metalogik Schlussbetrachtungen. I. Der mittlere Standpunkt. Das Bewusstsein. Der Widerspruch und seine Aufhebung - II. Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis oder das Ein-und-Andere, das Ganze und das Eine - III. Hegels Wirksamkeit und die Unausgeglichenheit seines Systematisierens - IV. Die Versohnung mit der Wirklichkeit. Zustand und Gegenstand Welt Die ethisch-politische Personlichkeit des Philosophen. Eine prinzipielle Untersuchung zur Umgestaltung der Hegelschen Geisteswelt. I. Programmatische Darlegung der hauptsachlichsten Probleme. Die doppelte Heterothetik des Ich - II. Der mittlere Standpunkt. Das Ich als Gegenstand. Die Panarchie des Logischen. Der Weg vom Ein-und-Anderen zum Ganzen, All-Einen und Einzigen. Para-physik. Erkenntnis mit Selbstkorrektur. Das gegenstandliche Zusammen. Die Personlichkeit - III. Die Verpflichtung, die durch die Welt geht. D". (shrink)