Abstract

Ideas surrounding mechanicism and materialism are so prevalent and fundamental in early modern and modern philosophy and critical theory that almost all key intellectual, political, and theological questions have been cast in their terms. From the 1730s onward, such questions were increasingly connected to the idea of the "man-machine" – the mechanical android. This was not least due to Jacques de Vaucanson's work from the 1730s, and the work of other artisans in the following decades, whose mechanical androids quickly became well-known and provided actual manifestations of man-machines. Eighteenth-century mechanical androids were more sophisticated in regard to mechanical complexity and craftsmanship than those of...