Abstract

The Second International Conference on Global Warming and the Next Ice Age held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, aimed to provide a venue for detaile discussions regarding how the Earth's climate is responding to an array of forcings, such as anthropogenic carbon dioxide and aerosols, and solar variability besides long-lived greenhouse gases. The conference discussed the shortcomings of current models, observations, and theory, and developed a path toward using observational data refining these models. Meanwhile, the understanding and reducing climate prediction uncertainties caused by anthropogenic aerosol forcing were the focused on the second half of the conference.