Stories are a powerful means to change recipients’ views on themselves by being transported into the story world and by identifying with story characters. Previous studies showed that recipients temporarily change in line with a story and its characters (assimilation). Conversely, assimilation might be less likely when recipients are less identified with story protagonists or less transported into a story by comparing themselves with a story character. This may lead to changes, which are opposite to a story and its characters (...) (contrast). In two experiments, we manipulated transportation and experience taking via two written reviews (Experiment 1; N = 164) and by varying the perspective of the story’s narrator (Experiment 2; N = 79) of a short story about a negligent student. Recipients’ self-ratings in comparison to others, motives, and problem-solving behavior served as dependent variables. However, neither the review nor the perspective manipulation affected transportation or experience taking while reading the story. Against our expectations, highly transported recipients (in Study 1) and recipients with high experience taking (in Study 2) showed more persistency working on an anagram-solving task, even when controlling for trait conscientiousness. Our findings are critically discussed in light of previous research. (shrink)

Max Weber: Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus Edition Holzinger. Taschenbuch Berliner Ausgabe, 2016, 4. Auflage Vollständiger, durchgesehener Neusatz bearbeitet und eingerichtet von Michael Holzinger In: Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 20. Bd., Heft 1, S. 1-54, 1904; 21. Bd., Heft 1, S. 1-110, 1905. Erstdruck der vorliegenden, umgearbeiteten Fassung in: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie, Bd. I, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 1920, S. 17-206. Textgrundlage ist die Ausgabe: Max Weber: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie. 8., photomechanisch gedruckte Auflage; (...) Band 1, Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1986 (1. Auflage 1920) Herausgeber der Reihe: Michael Holzinger Reihengestaltung: Viktor Harvion Gesetzt aus der Minion Pro, 11 pt. (shrink)

In this paper we identify six theses that constitute core results of philosophical investigation into the nature of mechanisms, and of the role that the search for and identification of mechanisms play in the sciences. These theses represent the fruits of the body of research that is now often called New Mechanism. We concisely present the main arguments for these theses. In the literature, these arguments are scattered and often implicit. Our analysis can guide future research in many ways: it (...) provides critics of New Mechanism with clear targets, it can reduce misunderstandings, it can clarify differences of opinion among New Mechanists and it helps to define a research agenda for New Mechanists. (shrink)

Max Weber (1864-1920), generally known as a founder of modern social science, was concerned with political affairs throughout his life. The texts in this edition span his career and include his early inaugural lecture The Nation State and Economic Policy, Suffrage and Democracy in Germany, Parliament and Government in Germany under a New Political Order, Socialism, The Profession and Vocation of Politics, and an excerpt from his essay The Situation of Constitutional Democracy in Russia, as well as other shorter (...) writings. Together they illustrate the development of his thinking on the fate of Germany and the nature of politics in the modern western state in an age of cultural 'disenchantment'. The introduction discusses the central themes of Weber's political thought, and a chronology, notes and an annotated bibliography place him in his political and intellectual context. (shrink)

The idea of relevant logic—that irrelevant inferences are invalid—is appealing. But the standard semantics for relevant logics involve baroque metaphysics: a three-place accessibility relation, a star operator, and ‘bad’ worlds. In this article we propose that these oddities express a mismatch between non-classical object theory and classical metatheory. A uniformly relevant semantics for relevant logic is a better fit.

Standard reasoning about Kripke semantics for modal logic is almost always based on a background framework of classical logic. Can proofs for familiar definability theorems be carried out using anonclassical substructural logicas the metatheory? This article presents a semantics for positive substructural modal logic and studies the connection between frame conditions and formulas, via definability theorems. The novelty is that all the proofs are carried out with anoncontractive logicin the background. This sheds light on which modal principles are invariant under (...) changes of metalogic, and provides (further) evidence for the general viability of nonclassical mathematics. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 100 Heft: 2 Seiten: 552-555.

Human existence and its temporal limits are central themes of western culture. In addition to discussing fundamental metaphysical questions and ethical questions, this book examines questions surrounding the possibility of radically extending one's life through new a anti-aging therapies. Does adding years to one's life make one happier?

In this essay we expand the notion of thinking by emphasizing the provocation and urgency to think and by reconceptualizing thinking as an embodied practice. The aim is to expand Lipman and Sharp’s approach to philosophical inquiry with children and show how other ways of thinking can be included. We strive to unfold a way of “thinking” that is both different from rationality (critical thinking) as well as from creative and caring thinking. In the first part of the paper, we (...) discuss the merits of Lipman and Sharp’s critical, creative and caring thinking within the Community of Philosophical Inquiry (CPI). We then expand Lipman/Sharp’s philosophical method through Ekkehart Marten’s Five-finger Model, which allows for different philosophical approaches. In the second half of the paper, we draw on Martin Heidegger’s What is called thinking? to develop his concept of the “call” to think together with its related notions of provocation and urgency. Building on this, we draw on Maurice Merleau-Ponty to show how this call is not an intellectual activity or mere exercise of the “mind” but rather affects our entire existence. As such, thinking becomes a response to an existential urgency that is an embodied practice. Using concepts like embodiment, affect, and sensibility, we try to widen our conception of thinking in a CPI. Finally, we hope this will allow facilitators to hear the unique voice of every child so that no one is left unheard. (shrink)

We argue that two well-known examples (strawberry distribution and Konigsberg bridges) generally considered genuine cases of distinctively _mathematical_ explanation can also be understood as cases of distinctively _generic_ explanation. The latter answer resemblance questions (e.g., why did neither person A nor B manage to cross all bridges) by appealing to ‘generic task laws’ instead of mathematical necessity (as is done in distinctively mathematical explanations). We submit that distinctively generic explanations derive their explanatory force from their role in ontological unification. Additionally, (...) we argue that distinctively generic explanations are better seen as standardly mathematical instead of distinctively mathematical. Finally, we compare and contrast our proposal with the work of Christopher Pincock on abstract explanations in science and the views of Michael Strevens on abstract causal event explanations. (shrink)

An apparently quite specific question that was addressed by both Confucius and Socrates has attracted much attention in Sino-Hellenistic comparative philosophy. Their respective responses to the question of how a son should respond if his father commits a crime are found in Confucius' Analects 13:18 and in Plato's Euthyphro. This essay assesses three comparative analyses of these responses with particular reference to their underlying assertions of commonality, that is, the assumptions or presuppositions of commonality that serve to justify the comparative (...) exercise in the first instance. The authors suggest that two of the analyses assert commonality between their two responses from a Confucian standpoint, while the third constructs commonality from a Socratic standpoint. The authors argue that the response of Confucius focuses specifically on the issue of xiao (filial piety) in the concrete situation presented to him, whereas Socrates uses the issue to investigate the different question known as the "Euthyphro dilemma." Some brief conclusions are drawn regarding comparative philosophical analysis in general and about comparing the responses of Confucius and Socrates in these passages in particular. (shrink)

Despite the recent wave of scholarship on intersectionality, as well as a surge in feminist scholarship on Islam in German feminist studies, feminist research has yet to adequately engage with the role of religion in intersectionality. In this article the author draws on the work of the Aktionsbündnis muslimischer Frauen in Germany to explore the possibility for incorporating religion and faith into intersectional frameworks, which requires attention to women of color theorizing in German feminisms, recognition of ways in which religions (...) and forms of secularism have been racialized, and recognition of affective attachment to faith. (shrink)

A brilliant collection of short essays on literary subjects e.g. Beckett, Balzac, Proust, Thomas Mann, Dickens, Goethe, Heine, the lyric, realism, the essay, and the contemporary novel by the great social theorist (1903-1969), originally published in 1958 as Noten zur literature (Suhrkamp Verlag, F.

The author, a noted literary critic, presents a selection of his thought on Balzac, Valery, Dickens, Goethe, Heine, Hoelderlin, lyric poetry, realism, the essay and the contemporary novel.

Let ℰΠ denote the collection of all Π01 classes, ordered by inclusion. A collection of Turing degrees.

New approaches to coherent interaction processes are presented, for the weak and the gravitational interactions. Very large cross sections appear possible. These developments provide new foundations for neutrino and gravitational radiation astronomy.

Technology penetrates into all areas of our everyday and individual life and changes it in a considerable speed. This applies particularly to developments of information and communication technology since this technology shows its effects not only at our workplaces but transforms and sometimes determines the social behavior of people. Unfortunately, development and use of technology certainly doesn't go hand into hand with the acceptance of responsibility for consequences of effects of developing and using technology. Instead, the opposite behavior is quite (...) common. If this process of the rejection of responsibility shall be stopped, the sensibility of developers and users of technology for consequences of their own behavior have to be aroused and strengthened. In the following text at first I will describe some reasons to formulate ethical guidelines. After this, with the example of the ethical guidelines of the German Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V. (GI), I will discuss, whether such ethical guidelines are ethical in the strict sense of the word and whether they actually can be a contribution to accomplish the striven aim of assignment of responsibility for the results of developing and using technolog. (shrink)

Technology penetrates into all areas of our everyday and individual life and changes it in a considerable speed. This applies particularly to developments of information and communication technology since this technology shows its effects not only at our workplaces but transforms and sometimes determines the social behavior of people. Unfortunately, development and use of technology certainly doesn't go hand into hand with the acceptance of responsibility for consequences of effects of developing and using technology. Instead, the opposite behavior is quite (...) common. If this process of the rejection of responsibility shall be stopped, the sensibility of developers and users of technology for consequences of their own behavior have to be aroused and strengthened. In the following text at first I will describe some reasons to formulate ethical guidelines. After this, with the example of the ethical guidelines of the German Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V., I will discuss, whether such ethical guidelines are ethical in the strict sense of the word and whether they actually can be a contribution to accomplish the striven aim of assignment of responsibility for the results of developing and using technolog. (shrink)

Michel Weber and William Desmond, Jr. (eds), Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, Frankfurt / Lancaster, Ontos Verlag, Process Thought X1 & X2, 2008, I,.

Michel Weber, Covid-19(84) ou La vérité (politique) du mensonge sanitaire : le fascisme numérique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2020. 978-2-930517-68-1, pdf 978-2-930517-69-8, 226 pp., 20 € -/- La crise de la Covid-19 n’est pas sanitaire, mais politique, et aucune des mesures liberticides n’est fondée scientifiquement ; par contre, la Covid-19 rend évidente la corruption complète du corps politique et de ses appendices médiatiques et scientifiques. Cette corruption reflète la crise du capitalisme financier, et la volonté des oligarques de détruire la (...) démocratie représentative. Le système politique qui se met en place est bien totalitaire, c’est-à-dire que toutes les facettes de la vie des citoyens seront pilotées par une structure idéologique mortifère ne différenciant plus les sphères privées et publiques. Ce totalitarisme sera fasciste, sanitaire et numérique. (shrink)

Michel Weber, Éduquer (à) l’anarchie. Essai sur les conséquences de la praxis philosophique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Les Éditions Chromatika, 2008. (978-2-930517-03-2 ; 239 p. ; 20 € ; -/- L'idéal philosophique incarné par la vie et l'œuvre d’Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) est, plus que jamais, d'une actualité brûlante. Il requiert que la philosophie soit une discipline vécue afin qu'elle puisse demeurer une discipline vivante. Quel posture socio-politique suggère-t-il ? Le concept d’anarchie permet de nommer à la fois l’état présent du monde (...) globalisé (le « chaos constructif » voulu par le néolibéralisme) et la réponse qui s’impose : le communautarisme libertaire, c’est-à-dire la redynamisation de la démocratie participative. Or, le monde de l’éducation se situe précisément en ce point de bifurcation : ou bien il succombe aux assauts du marché et nous nous dirigeons vers la barbarie ; ou bien il résiste et la Vie reprend ses droits. The philosophical ideal embodied by the life and works of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) is, more than ever, a burning question. It requires that philosophy be a lived discipline so that it can remain a living discipline. What does this ideal entail in the socio-political sphere? The concept of anarchy allows a straightforward discussion of both the current state of affairs in a globalized world (the “constructive chaos” fostered by neoliberalism) and the necessary reaction : libertarian communautarism, which constitutes a re-energization of participative democracy. Now, the world of education lies precisely at that bifurcation point. Either it gives way beneath the attacks of the “market” and we are heading towards barbary; or it resists and Life regains its rights. (shrink)

Michel Weber, Essai sur la gnose de Harvard. Whitehead apocryphe, Louvain-la-Neuve, Les Éditions Chromatika, 2011. (978-2-930517-26-1, 292 p., 20 €) L’objet de ce livre consiste en une éludication croisée de la philosophie organique whiteheadienne et de la gnose thomasienne. Il cherche à répondre à deux questions. La philosophie de l’événement, du processus ou du procès, d’Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) possède-t-elle, volens nolens, un fond gnostique syrien ? L’évangile apocryphe de Thomas, le gnostique juif qui a couché par écrit l’enseignement (...) de Jésus probablement trente ans après son décès, offrant ainsi une source qui pourrait être plus ancienne que les évangiles canoniques et leur hypothétique texte-racine Q, gagne-t-il a être lu à partir de prémisses whiteheadiennes ? Michel Weber dirige le Centre de philosophie pratique « Chromatiques whiteheadiennes » à Bruxelles. Il a publié plus de cinquante ouvrages scientifiques, dont La Dialectique de l’intuition chez A. N. Whitehead (2005), Whitehead’s Pancreativism (2006 & 2011) et L’Épreuve de la philosophie (2008). (shrink)

Thomas Weber's book comprises a series of biographical reflections about people who influenced Gandhi, and those who were, in turn, influenced by him. Whilst previous literature tended to focus on Gandhi's political legacy, Weber's book explores the spiritual, social and philosophical resonances of these relationships, and it is with these aspects of the Mahatma's life in mind, that the author selects his central protagonists. These include friends such as Henry Polak and Hermann Kallenbach, who are not as well (...) known as those usually cited, but who left a deep impression nevertheless, and motivated some of Gandhi's major life changes. Conversely, the work of luminaries such as E. F. Schumacher and Gene Sharp reveal the Mahatma's influence in arenas which are not traditionally associated with his thinking. Weber's book offers intriguing insights into the life and thought of one of the most significant figures of the twentieth century. (shrink)

Michel Weber, L’Épreuve de la philosophie. Essai sur les fondements de la praxis philosophique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Les Éditions Chromatika, 2008. (978-2-930517-02-5 ; 141 p. ; 15 € ; ) Peu connu en francophonie, l’entretien — ou la « pratique » — philosophique est une activité qui plonge ses racines dans l’héritage socratique. Faire l’épreuve de la philosophie, c’est se soumettre à l’exigence de la vie authentique, telle qu’elle pilote un type particulier de dialogue : le dialogue maïeutique, celui qui accouche (...) les âmes. Il s’agit ici de situer les enjeux de la pratique philosophique et d’en établir les fondements, c’est-à-dire de montrer ce qui fait sa spécificité indépendamment des disciplines existant déjà dans le domaine de la santé mentale. Little known in the French-speaking world, philosophical counselling is a practice that is rooted in Socrates' and Epicurus legacies. The philosophical ordeal, i.e., to put philosophy to the test requires a double event taking place during the dialogue between the philosophical practitioner and the visitor (to use Achenbach's term). On the one hand, the practitioner accepts to have her philosophical standpoint assessed by its maieutic capacity to relieve human suffering. On the other, the visitor endorses in his own way the commitment to authenticity that is specific to philosophical life. This book provides the foundations for a practice primarily inspired by A. N. Whitehead’s organic and processual philosophy as it enforces a radical creativity. Its visionary stance is furthermore confronted with Pierre Hadot’s “spiritual exercises” and its efficacy supported by James’ pragmatism. (shrink)

Michel Weber, La Liberté est la première des sécurités. Plaidoyer psychothérapeutique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2021 ; 978-2-930517-86-5 ; pdf 978-2-930517-87-2, 16€ -/- Jamais la liberté n’a été aussi instrumentalisée politiquement et aussi urgente à redéfinir philosophiquement. Pourquoi vouloir réfléchir à ce qui se donne dans l’évidence de l’agir et se voile dans les limbes de la pensée ? Parce qu’il y va du sens de l’existence personnelle et que celui-ci offre — ou refuse — une direction collective possiblement démocratique. (...) On examinera ici la question de la liberté à l’aide de trois approches convergentes — politique, psychologique, et philosophique — parfois anticipées dans certaines de mes récentes publications sur l’événement Covid-19. (shrink)

Peter Weber-Schäfer will mit seiner Arbeit der Theorie der Politik dienen. Er möchte die Untersuchung nicht als den Versuch einer Darstellung geistesgeschichtlicher oder sonstiger historischer Phänomene im chinesischen Kulturkreis nach dem Muster positivistischer Historiographie oder Philosophiegeschichte verstanden wissen, sondern als einen Beitrag zur Klärung des Phänomens der oikumenischen Reiche, also jener ihrer Intention nach weltumspannenden politischen Organisationsformen, durch deren Auftreten ein etwa zweieinhalb Jahrtausende umfassender Abschnitt der Geschichte gekennzeichnet wird. Das chinesische Kaiserreich scheint als instruktives Beispiel für Funktionsweise und (...) Ziviltheologie eines oikumenischen Reichs besonders geeignet, weil für die Erforschung seiner Gründungsgeschichte und der politischen Spekulationen, die seiner Gründung parallel liefen, eine Fülle von literarischem und epigraphischem Material zur Verfügung steht, die in kaum einem anderen Kulturbereich ihresgleichen findet. (shrink)

Michel Weber, Pouvoir de la décroissance et décroissance du pouvoir. Penser le totalitarisme sanitaire, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2021 ; ISBN 978-2-930517-74-2, ISBN pdf 978-2-930517-75-9, 302 pp., 30 € -/- Même si les modalités de l’ « événement Covid-19 » sont saisissantes et spectaculaires, l’interprétation de ses enjeux est possible à l’aide du double impératif qui a été avancé dès les années cinquante : d’une part, il faut bien saisir les tenants et les aboutissants de la crise globale systémique, c’est-à-dire (...) intégrer à la fois la problématique de la croissance infinie dans un mode fini, et la nécessité managériale du totalitarisme (prophylactique ou thérapeutique) ; d’autre part, on ne peut faire l’économie d’une étude des pathologies du pouvoir pour comprendre nos errances culturelles. Les études rassemblées ici peuvent se lire comme autant d’actualisations et de développements de l’argument arpenté dans mes derniers ouvrages de philosophie politique : De quelle révolution avons-nous besoin ? (2013), The Political Vindication of Radical Empiricism (2016), Pouvoir, sexe et climat (2017), Contre le totalitarisme transhumaniste (2018) et Covid-19(84) ou La vérité (politique) du mensonge sanitaire (2020). -/- Michel Weber est professeur adjoint de philosophie à l’Université du Saskatchewan (Canada). Il pratique également la thérapie psychocorporelle ayurvédique (Cabinet Metabyanga) et le coaching existentiel (Centre Tonaki). (shrink)

Michel Weber, Petite philosophie de l’Art Royal. Analyse de l’alchimie franc-maçonne, 2015. (ISBN 978-2-930517-48-3, 312 pp., 20 €) -/- On propose ici une ellipse philosophique définie par les deux foyers de l’Art Royal : l’Alchimie et la Franc-Maçonnerie. Ces trois territoires seront de plus recoupés par la psychologie analytique de Jung. Au nombre de nos conclusions, on trouve les thèses suivantes : primo, le Philosophe est l’héritier d’une tradition ascétique et gnostique ; secundo, l’Adepte n’a rien du chercheur d’or (...) et tout du mystique travaillant à sa propre transfiguration ; tertio, l’Initié peut se réclamer de cette filiation philosophico-alchimique qui traverse les œuvres de Pythagore, Platon et Albert le Grand ; quarto, l’Analyste endosse, avec les contradictions qui sont propres à une discipline toujours en quête de notoriété scientifique, ce même héritage. « Out of the mist of the beginning of our era there looms a pageant of mythical figures whose vast, superhuman contours might people the walls and ceiling of another Sistine Chapel. » (H. Jonas) The purpose of this book is to show how far a philosophical cross-elucidation of Alchemy, Freemasonry and Jungian Analysis is possible. Amongst its conclusions are the following theses : Philosophy is, in its core, ascetic and gnostic ; Alchemy does not have much to do with gold but with the quest toward transfiguration ; Freemasonry has built upon this philosophico-alchemical legacy ; Jungian Analysis fosters, in a more mundane context, this very same ideal. -/- Michel Weber a publié sur A. N. Whitehead. (shrink)

Michel Weber et Laureline Kergueris, Thérapie psychocorporelle et massage ayurvédiques — Théorie et pratique de l’événement, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2020. (ISBN 978-2-930517-64-3, pdf 978-2-930517-65-0 ; 134 pp., 17 €) -/- Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, l'importance de l’approche psychocorporelle et la richesse de la médecine traditionnelle indienne sont reconnues dans le monde de la santé, mais elles n’ont encore jamais été mises en synergie théoriquement et pratiquement. -/- Thérapie psychocorporelle et massage ayurvédiques présente les fondements de cet art (...) bifrons à l’aide d’une triple focale : Généraliste — introduire les enjeux de la thérapie psychocorporelle ayurvédique (au sens large Spécialiste — systématiser, à l’usage des thérapeutes, les outils théoriques et pratiques fondamentaux Didactique — servir de support aux formations que les auteurs organisent périodiquement -/- Laureline Kergueris est doctorante en droit à l’Université Paris 1 – Panthéon Sorbonne. Elle pratique et se forme en shiatsu et en massage ayurvédique depuis 2015. Michel Weber est professeur de philosophie à l’Université du Saskatchewan (Canada). Il a créé le cabinet ayurvédique Metabyanga en 2020. (shrink)

Michel Weber, The Threefold Root of Temporality. Elements of Whiteheadian Organic Metaphysics, Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions Chromatika, 2021 ; 978-2-930517-76-6, pdf 978-2-930517-77-3 ; 120 pp. ; 16 € -/- The question of the nature of time is as old as philosophy itself. Before philosophy, time was not problematized, it was a pure common-sensical matter. There were various experiences of time, and, accordingly, different words to name it. Whitehead’s solution of the temporal conundrum lies in the concept of “creative advance of nature” (...) that is systematically elucidated only in Process and Reality (1929) To understand the creative advance of nature, one needs to interpret the togetherness of its three aspects —creativity qua concrescence, efficacy qua transition, vision qua initial subjective aim—, and this provides us with the core meaning of time: (i) genuine novelty appears in the World, (ii) past events are, so to speak, ontologically memorized, and (iii) there is an upward trend in terms of “intensity” of events. These three complementary requirements refresh in their own way the Greek triple understanding of time: time is “aiôn,” lived duration (outside physical time) and destiny, but it is also “chronos,” causal time, and “kairos,” timeliness or the appropriate moment for action. -/- Michel Weber is Director of the Centre for Philosophical Practice (Brussels) and Adjunct Professor at the Department of Educational Foundations of the University of Saskatchewan. His current research program mainly addresses the Ayurvedic understanding of the anchoring of the mind in the body and of the expression of the body in the mind. (shrink)

The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is a multilateral, multisectoral partnership comprised of more than 70 countries, international organizations, foundations, and businesses to strengthen global health security.

Appropriate concerns about cost and unequal access to healthcare have resulted in the creation of powerful managed networks seeking to share the risks of high healthcare costs among plans, providers, and patients. Much to their credit, these managed networks have slowed the rise in healthcare spending by as much as 44% in markets with high HMO penetration. However, whether these savings will materially improve access and quality remains to be seen.

Although the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct emphasizes the importance of education in ethics, very little is known about how and when the Code and the topic of ethics can be presented to enhance the effectiveness of ethics-oriented education. The purpose of this research was to provide preliminary evidence about the ethical development of students prior to, and immediately following, such courses. We found that: (1) accounting students, after taking an auditing course which emphasized the AICPA Code, reasoned at higher (...) levels than students who had not taken the course; (2) there were no differences in moral reasoning levels when accounting and non-accounting majors were compared prior to an auditing course; and (3) there was a significant relationship between the Seniors' levels of ethical development and the choice of an ethical versus unethical action. It was concluded that an auditing course emphasizing the 'spirit' of the Code can have a positive impact on the ethical behaviour of some of the future members of the accounting profession. (shrink)

Logical paradoxes – like the Liar, Russell's, and the Sorites – are notorious. But in Paradoxes and Inconsistent Mathematics, it is argued that they are only the noisiest of many. Contradictions arise in the everyday, from the smallest points to the widest boundaries. In this book, Zach Weber uses “dialetheic paraconsistency” – a formal framework where some contradictions can be true without absurdity – as the basis for developing this idea rigorously, from mathematical foundations up. In doing so, (...) class='Hi'>Weber directly addresses a longstanding open question: how much standard mathematics can paraconsistency capture? The guiding focus is on a more basic question, of why there are paradoxes. Details underscore a simple philosophical claim: that paradoxes are found in the ordinary, and that is what makes them so extraordinary. (shrink)

Meiner nichtreduktionistischen Lesart Gadamers, derzufolge eine wechselseitige konstitutive Relation zwischen "Sprache" und "Erfahrung" besteht, ist es gestattet, den Vorwurf, die Sprachphilosophie Gadamers führe in den Relativismus, den man häufig gegenüber sprachphilosophischen Positionen erhebt, abzuweisen. Manchen Denkern zufolge haben die Philosophen der Postmoderne, zu denen auch Gadamer gezählt wurde, eine einfache Umkehrung der beiden Pole des modernen Verhältnisses "Sprache"--"Erfahrung" vollzogen: Während die Sprache in der Moderne in ihrer Bedingtheit zur Erfahrung und als bloßes Ausdrucksmittel verstanden wurde, wurde dieses Verhältnis in der (...) neueren Philosophie nur umgekehrt, insofern die Philosophie in der Sprache das Fundament für die Erfahrung sehe, wonach die Erfahrung als ein Ausdruck der Sprache erscheine. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich mit diesem Relativismusvorwurf auseinander und beabsichtigt, eine wechselseitige Abhängigkeit zwischen Sprache und Erfahrung ausgehend von Hans-Georg Gadamers Werk zu entwickeln. Um das zu erreichen, wurden zunächst eine doppelte negative-positive Erfahrungsstruktur und dann einige phänomenologische und transzendentale Merkmale der Erfahrung auf dem historischen Hintergrund für Gadamers Erfahrungsbegriff herausgearbeitet. Somit machte sich die konstitutive Sprachlichkeit der Erfahrung erkennbar. In einer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Sprachbegriff auf der anderen Seite wurde sein dialogischer und welterschließender Charakter veranschaulicht, so dass auch seine Angewiesenheit auf die Welterfahrung offenkundig wurde. (shrink)