Sistencia surge como categoría ontológica que permite dar sustento a los entes y relacionarlos con el ser sin por ello perder la condición de cada uno de ellos. Dios se presenta como ser trascedente; y el humano y el mundo, como seres dependientes del ser en sí mismo. Palabras Clave: ontología, Dios, humano, mundo, existencia.

Como he señalado en otras oportunidades, la obra de Santo Tomás de Aquino, aunque extensa y omniabarcante, se estructura a partir de algunos conceptos claves que sirven de fundamentos a la totalidad del ordenamiento de su pensamiento, lo que no lo simplifica, sino lo funda, haciendo de él un paradigma de reflexión también para nuestro tiempo, si sabemos comprenderlo desde la íntima profundidad de su sentido. La filosofía tomista es una filosofía esencialmente inclusiva que, a través de esas mismas ideas (...) matrices, presenta una cosmovisión filosófica y teológica, al mismo tiempo que refleja en ella una experiencia de vida. Así logra una síntesis que estructura una arquitectura reflexiva. Ello se puede ver en ideas como sabiduría, hábito y virtud, participación, analogía y otras. La connaturalidad como forma de conocimiento es una de esas ideas que estructuran su síntesis, siendo expresión de la congénita simpatía con el bien y de su concepción sobre la participación, mirada desde la realización cognoscitiva y afectiva de lo humano. El conocimiento por connaturalidad se muestra como simpatía que acerca afectivamente a un bien. Es así como, a través de él, presenta una visión casi sinóptica al abrirse a una amplia región de la doctrina tomista sobre Dios, el hombre, las cosas, desde un contexto que, aunque se puede analizar filosóficamente, es fundamentalmente teológico. En Santo Tomás la naturaleza se encuentra compenetrada por la gracia; su inteligencia no es sólo la del cultivar el don recibido, sino una inteligencia iluminada por la fe y purificada por la caridad. Por eso, la nobleza intelectual que transparece en sus escritos es, ante todo, el fruto de la santidad, de una santidad que no podía menos de expresarse en el orden del pensamiento. (shrink)

Nuestro tiempo se caracteriza por un fuerte subjetivismo valórico que posibilita a cada uno apreciar realidades de distinta forma. Mishima, a través de su obra literaria, acoge al mal, al sufrimiento, al dolor y a la muerte como valores que expresan lo bello.

El trabajo como toda actividad del hombre debe insertarse en un mundo de sentido, que hoy pareciera ser el productivo, olvidando otras dimensiones del mismo, que enriquecen el vivir del hombre en su avance hacia un mundo más humano y humanizante.

BackgroundIn specific situations it may be necessary to make an exception to the general rule of informed consent for scientific research with an intervention. Earlier reviews only described subsets of arguments for exceptions to waive consent.MethodsHere, we provide a more extensive literature review of possible exceptions to the rule of informed consent and the accompanying arguments based on literature from 1997 onwards, using both Pubmed and PsycINFO in our search strategy.ResultsWe identified three main categories of arguments for the acceptability of (...) a consent waiver: data validity and quality, major practical problems, and distress or confusion of participants. Approval by a medical ethical review board always needs to be obtained. Further, we provide examples of specific conditions under which consent waiving might be allowed, such as additional privacy protection measures.ConclusionsThe reasons legitimized by the authors of the papers in this overview can be used by researchers to form their own opinion about requesting an exception to the rule of informed consent for their own study. Importantly, rules and guidelines applicable in their country, institute and research field should be followed. Moreover, researchers should also take the conditions under which they feel an exception is legitimized under consideration. After discussions with relevant stakeholders, a formal request should be sent to an IRB. (shrink)

Bullfighting has a strong historical tradition in Spain, but now it is beginning to be challenged by various sectors in society. The debate about the ethics of bullfighting is by no means new. But,...

The present study examined the effects of thought suppression on sleep-onset mentation. It was hypothesized that the decrease of attentional control in the transition to sleep would lead to a rebound of a suppressed thought in hypnagogic mentation. Twenty-four young adults spent two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Half of the participants were instructed to suppress a target thought, whereas the other half freely thought of anything at all. To assess target thought frequency, three different measures were used in (...) the wake state and mentation reports were repeatedly prompted by a computer at sleep onset. In support of the hypothesis, results revealed a reversal of target thought frequency at sleep onset: Participants instructed to suppress reported fewer target thoughts than did controls before falling asleep, but more target thoughts afterwards. (shrink)

This study explored the evidence of validity of internal structure of the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Wellbeing Scale in Brazilian adolescents with chronic health conditions. The study involved 301 Brazilian adolescents with cancer, type 1 diabetes mellitus, or cystic fibrosis. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Item Response Theory were used to test the internal structure. Reliability was determined with Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega. The EFA suggested a one-dimensional scale structure in contrast to the original (...) 2-factor model or the 3-factor model which were not reproduced in the current CFA. All quality indicators for the EFA one-factor exceeded the required criteria. The FACIT-Sp-12 for adolescents yielded strong evidence for a 1-factor model and with good reliability. (shrink)

Withholding or withdrawing life-saving ventilators can become necessary when resources are insufficient. In the USA, such rationing has unique social justice dimensions. Structural elements of dominant allocation frameworks simultaneously advantage white communities, and disadvantage Black communities—who already experience a disproportionate burden of COVID-19-related job losses, hospitalisations and mortality. Using the example of New Jersey’s Crisis Standard of Care policy, we describe how dominant rationing guidance compounds for many Black patients prior unfair structural disadvantage, chiefly due to the way creatinine and (...) life expectancy are typically considered.We outline six possible policy options towards a more just approach: improving diversity in decision processes, adjusting creatinine scores, replacing creatinine, dropping creatinine, finding alternative measures, adding equity weights and rejecting the dominant model altogether. We also contrast these options with making no changes, which is not a neutral default, but in separate need of justification, despite a prominent claim that it is simply based on ‘objective medical knowledge’. In the regrettable absence of fair federal guidance, hospital and state-level policymakers should reflect on which of these, or further options, seem feasible and justifiable.Irrespective of which approach is taken, all guidance should be supplemented with a monitoring and reporting requirement on possible disparate impacts. The hope that we will be able to continue to avoid rationing ventilators must not stand in the way of revising guidance in a way that better promotes health equity and racial justice, both to be prepared, and given the significant expressive value of ventilator guidance. (shrink)

ContentTruth-telling is an integral part of medical practice in many parts of the world. However, recent public inquiries, including the Francis Inquiry reveal that a duty of candour in practise, are at times compromised. Consequently, the duty of candour became a statutory requirement in England. This study aimed to explore clinicians’ perspectives of the implications of the legislation for medical ethics education, as raising standards to improve patient safety remains an international concern.MethodsOne-to-one interviews with clinical educators from various specialties who (...) contribute to the MBChB programme at the authors’ university. Once data saturation had been assessed, transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach by the following concurrent activities: data reduction and coding into themes. Example quotations are used to illustrate that key themes are grounded in the data.ResultsEleven clinical educators were interviewed; three general practitioners, six physicians and two surgeons. Thematic... (shrink)