The article aims at integrating the cultural psychology perspective of into the multidisciplinary field of border studies. It analyses the border phenomenon as a co-genetic system. The authors investigate the psychological side of people who relate to the border out of different motives. Then, it expands some of the theoretical concepts current in border studies by introducing psychological dimensions such as intentionality and directionality. Finally, the framework is applied to two case-studies representing the northern and southern (...) European Union frontiers: the case of Estonian officer Eston Kohver in the Setumaa region on the Estonian–Russian border; and the experiences of border guards in the re-bordering process on the Spanish–Moroccan border. It offers an innovative conceptual resource based on a triadic co-genetic epistemological approach, which allows us to overcome the binary oppositions still very present in the contemporary debates in borders studies. (shrink)

The article aims at integrating the cultural psychology perspective of into the multidisciplinary field of border studies. It analyses the border phenomenon as a co-genetic system. The authors investigate the psychological side of people who relate to the border out of different motives. Then, it expands some of the theoretical concepts current in border studies by introducing psychological dimensions such as intentionality and directionality. Finally, the framework is applied to two case-studies representing the northern and southern (...) European Union frontiers: the case of Estonian officer Eston Kohver in the Setumaa region on the Estonian–Russian border; and the experiences of border guards in the re-bordering process on the Spanish– Moroccan border. It offers an innovative conceptual resource based on a triadic co-genetic epistemological approach, which allows us to overcome the binary oppositions still very present in the contemporary debates in borders studies. (shrink)

Although the notion of universal human rights allows for the idea that states (and supranational organizations such as the European Union) can, or even should, control and impose restrictions on migration, both notions clearly do not sit well together. The ensuing tension manifests itself in our ambivalent attitude towards migration, but also affects the border guards who have to implement national and supranational policies on migration. Little has been written on the ethics that has to guide these border (...) guards in their work. Juxtaposing the ethics of border guarding against the ethics of the somewhat related military profession, this article attempts to (a) describe border guarding as a comparatively rule-guided profession; (b) outline the aim and basis of the ethics education that prepares border guards for their work; and (c) propose a research agenda for the future that should further our understanding of (a) and (b), but also help us improve the moral education of border guards. (shrink)

The young generation of the ’80s was born and entirely educated under communist ideology. And yet indoctrination failed for some of these young people, who saw the West as a symbol of a better society to aspire to. In order to escape from S.R. Romania, some of them risked their lives in the “adventure” of crossing the border illegally. The main opponents of the fugitives, the border guards, were part of the same age group. In many cases, they (...) behaved brutally toward the fugitives. Did they come to see them as traitors, or was it just the context in which this adversity manifested itself mixed with the soldiers’ fear of their superiors’ punishments? The study is part of a more extensive research regarding the phenomenon of illegal border crossing during Ceaușescu`s dictatorship. Through this study, I aim to analyse the two situations in which some of the young people of the ’80s could find themselves: opponents of the regime (when fleeing to the West was a form of protest) and involuntary “servants” of the system, such as border soldiers, respectively. Also, I focused on identifying the reasons for the conflict between the two categories of young people belonging to the same generation. (shrink)

The article presents the study of the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions of organizational culture formation of future border guard officers, as well as the essence and features of its content. It has been found out that organizational culture is a professionally important quality of future border guard officers, which covers knowledge about the mission and values of the border guard agency, ability to maintain and contribute to the harmonized work of the border (...) class='Hi'>guard unit and is expressed through adhering to professional standards in interpersonal interaction and in performing border security tasks, as well as in self-organization and mobilization. In the conditions of higher military educational institution it is recommended to intensify the value-motivational attitude of cadets to learn current issues of organizational culture of the border guard officers; to develop their abilities and skills of team work by introduction of social and psychological training; to apply modern dialogic forms, methods and interactive technologies of training for the development of skills of professional communicative interaction; to develop cadets’ organizational abilities, managerial decision making skills and leadership by gradually introducing into the educational process professionally oriented situational tasks, gradually complicating content with each course. The results of the pedagogical experiment regarding formation of organizational culture of future border guard officers in the course of their professional training are described in detail. (shrink)

This article considers María Lugones's work in Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes, especially her association of the fragmented self with modernity, in order to understand the existential grounds of what she calls an impure, perceptually aware, mestizaje. It suggests that the impure Latina self validated thereby may be seen retrospectively as the forerunner of the decolonial feminist self who unveils the coloniality of gender analysis. Noting some discrepancies between them, the article questions whether Lugones's use of Quijano's world systems theory leads to an overdetermining (...) historical approach that disables the spirit of inquiry for diversely situated Latinas, even as the theory itself invokes the heterogeneity of their experiences. The dilemma is illustrated by two types of peregrinas: a community-bound peregrina who easily undertakes the decolonial turn, and a diasporic peregrina who may or may not pass its guarded gate. The question remains: what difference does the divergence between these two peregrinas's paths make? (shrink)

This work explores the increasing militarization of borders throughout the world, particularly the United States border with Mexico. Rather than further rhetoric of "border security," this work views increases in guards, technology and the building of walls as militarized action. The goal of this essay is to place the onus upon states to justify their actions at borders in ways that do not appeal to tropes of terrorism. This work then explores how a logic of security infiltrates philosophical (...) discussions of "the right to exclude," thereby curtailing the ability to see borders in any other way than as a locale that must be militarized. Specifically, I analyze the work of Michael Blake and his juridical theory of immigration restrictions. I argue that his work necessitates the walling of borders and removal of those who create new obligations for current members of existing political institutions. (shrink)

In 2020, the European Union announced the award of the contract for the biometric part of the new database for border control, the Entry Exit System, to two companies: IDEMIA and Sopra Steria. Both companies had been previously involved in the development of databases for border and migration management. While there has been a growing amount of publicly available documents that show what kind of technologies are being implemented, for how much money, and by whom, there has been (...) limited engagement with digital methods in this field. Moreover, critical border and security scholarship has largely focused on qualitative and ethnographic methods. Building on a data feminist approach, we propose a transdisciplinary methodology that goes beyond binaries of qualitative/quantitative and opacity/transparency, examines power asymmetries and makes the labour of coding visible. Empirically, we build and analyse a dataset of the contracts awarded by two European Union agencies key to its border management policies – the European Agency for Large-Scale Information Systems (eu-LISA) and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). We supplement the digital analysis and visualisation of networks of companies with close reading of tender documents. In so doing, we show how a transdisciplinary methodology can be a device for making datafication ‘intelligible’ at the European Union borders. (shrink)

The present paper offers a libertarian reading of one of the most important Chinese novels of the twentieth century, The Travels of Laocan, written by Chinese entrepreneur Liu E between 1903 and 1906. I start with an exposition of the ideas associated with the concept of “Asian values,” the evident cultural unviability of this notion, and how “Asian authoritarianism” has been rationalized and justified on the basis of a Hobbesian conception of human nature. Next, I examine Liu E’s life and (...) career as an entrepreneur in a highly interventionist society. Finally, I focus on his magnum opus, The Travels of Laocan, a fictionalized autobiography that explains Liu E’s philosophical and libertarian ideas. (shrink)

To articulate the past historically does not mean to recognize it “the way it really was”. It means to seize hold of a memory as it flashes up at a moment of danger. Ever since the advent of the May Fourth Movement in 1919, which marked a turning point in the process of intellectual modernization in the Republic of China, voices were raised against Confucian mores because they were considered cannibalistic, and against the influence they exerted upon the freedom and (...) mobility of women,2 who were reduced to a secondary position in society. Although the fact remains that many so-called “vulgar” traditionalists were the real pioneers of women’s rights in the late Qing and early Republican period,3... (shrink)

One of the problems in economics that economists have devoted a considerable amount of attention in prevalent years has been to ensure consistency in the models they employ. Assuming markets to be generally in some state of equilibrium, it is asked under what circumstances such equilibrium is possible. The fundamental mathematical tools used to address this concern are fixed point theorems: the conditions under which sets of assumptions have a solution. This book gives the reader access to the mathematical techniques (...) involved and goes on to apply fixed point theorems to proving the existence of equilibria for economics and for co-operative and noncooperative games. Special emphasis is given to economics and games in cases where the preferences of agents may not be transitive. The author presents topical proofs of old results in order to further clarify the results. He also proposes fresh results, notably in the last chapter, that refer to the core of a game without transitivity. This book will be useful as a text or reference work for mathematical economists and graduate and advanced undergraduate students. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar, a través de los textos confucianos y de sus intérpretes, cuál ha sido la posición de la mujer en la filosofía china clásica. Se analizará el papel que en las Analectas de Confucio, en los textos rituales, en el “Clásico de Poesía” y en Mencio juega la mujer, así como las interpretaciones que sobre estos pasajes, en ocasiones demasiado escuetos para posicionarse claramente sobre ellos, han realizado los comentaristas, desde la Antigüedad hasta finales (...) de la Época Imperial. Un examen atento mostrará que el confucianismo, a pesar de no preocuparse excesivamente de la cuestión, supo desafiar la “concience collective” y resaltar el papel de la mujer en la historia y en la sociedad. Finalmente, a través de una breve comparación con lo que la filosofía clásica occidental tiene que decir sobre la cuestión del género, se concluirá con unas observaciones sobre el papel del confucianismo en las sociedades modernas asiáticas y su relevancia para la formación de un discurso feminista autóctono. (shrink)

From classical antiquity to contemporary times, challenging situations of dilemmatic or paradoxical nature continue to fascinate both scholars and the casual reader. Although Western literature provides a fruitful source of philosophical discussion on the circumstances under which a morally competent agent faces incompatible moral requirements, Sinology has rarely accepted the idea of moral dilemmas in Chinese philosophy in general and Confucianism in particular. The present paper explores moral and morally motivated dilemmas in Liu Xiang’s 劉向 Lienü Zhuan 列女傳 and the (...) philosophical strategies employed for their resolution within the framework of the Confucian tradition, emphasizing similarities with Western traditions such as Greek tragedy or Thomistic philosophy. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzsche-Studien Jahrgang: 43 Heft: 1 Seiten: 189-191.

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzsche-Studien Jahrgang: 43 Heft: 1 Seiten: 192-194.

La actual crisis pedagógica que vive Occidente, constatada por todos aquellos educadores que deben enfrentarse diariamente a unos estándares cada vez más bajos y al consecuente perjuicio en lo que a la autoridad del profesorado se refiere, fue ya profetizada en su momento por Hannah Arendt (“The Crisis in Education”). La educación es uno de los factores más importantes para definir la calidad de vida de un país y, desde esta perspectiva, una crisis educativa es una crisis en todos los (...) ámbitos sociales, económicos y, en última instancia, políticos. El presente artículo intenta exponer cómo la educación y el conocimiento fueron concebidos en la antigüedad a través de dos modelos, Grecia y China, para mostrar así en qué medida los autores clásicos pueden todavía enseñarnos con sentido común a afrontar los problemas metodológicos actuales. Mediante una exposición comparativa, se analizarán las teorías clásicas griegas, así como la epistemología y pedagogía en el confucianismo clásico y tempranomedieval, destacando cómo estos autores confrontaron relativismo, opinión y acumulación vacía de conoci-miento, frente a la búsqueda de la verdad y la selección cuidadosa y científica de saber. En última instancia, destacaremos la necesidad de recuperar nuestra tradición clásica para mantener un nivel educativo adecuado. (shrink)