Results for 'Test Construction'

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  1.  14
    A simplified method of test construction from traditional methods of item analysis.Allen J. Schuh - 1984 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 22 (6):566-567.
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  2.  85
    The Constructibility of Artificial Intelligence (as Defined by the Turing Test).Bruce Edmonds - 2000 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 9 (4):419-424.
    The Turing Test (TT), as originally specified, centres on theability to perform a social role. The TT can be seen as a test of anability to enter into normal human social dynamics. In this light itseems unlikely that such an entity can be wholly designed in an off-line mode; rather a considerable period of training insitu would be required. The argument that since we can pass the TT,and our cognitive processes might be implemented as a Turing Machine(TM), that (...)
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  3.  20
    Item-Score Reliability as a Selection Tool in Test Construction.Eva A. O. Zijlmans, Jesper Tijmstra, L. Andries van der Ark & Klaas Sijtsma - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  4. Construct validity in psychological tests – the case of implicit social cognition.Uljana Feest - 2020 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 10 (1):1-24.
    This paper looks at the question of what it means for a psychological test to have construct validity. I approach this topic by way of an analysis of recent debates about the measurement of implicit social cognition. After showing that there is little theoretical agreement about implicit social cognition, and that the predictive validity of implicit tests appears to be low, I turn to a debate about their construct validity. I show that there are two questions at stake: First, (...)
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  5.  48
    Construct validity in psychological tests.Lee J. Cronbach & P. E. Meehl - 1956 - In Herbert Feigl & Michael Scriven (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. , Vol. pp. 1--174.
  6.  4
    Construct Validity and Test–Retest Reliability of the Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey.Justin Mason, Sherrilene Classen, James Wersal & Virginia Sisiopiku - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12:626791.
    Fully automated vehicles (AVs) hold promise toward providing numerous societal benefits including reducing road fatalities. However, we are uncertain about how individuals’ perceptions will influence their ability to accept and adopt AVs. The 28-item Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey (AVUPS) is a visual analog scale that was previously constructed, with established face and content validity, to assess individuals’ perceptions of AVs. In this study, we examined construct validity, via exploratory factor analysis and subsequent Mokken scale analyses. Next, internal consistency was (...)
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  7.  8
    Construct-Oriented or Goal-Motivated? Interpreting Test Preparation of a High-Stakes Writing Test From the Perspective of Expectancy-Value Theory.Shasha Xu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Of the many possible individual factors bearing on test preparation, one is how individuals’ motivational and cognitive perceptions affect test-driven preparation practices. This study reports an investigation into test preparation of a high-stakes writing test from the perspective of expectancy-value theory. Undergraduate students on their test preparation for the writing tasks of China’s Graduate School Entrance English Examination were recruited voluntarily from 11 universities in mainland China. The perceptions of GSEEE test takers, which included (...)
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  8.  65
    Constructing and Testing Theological Models.David E. Klemm & William H. Klink - 2003 - Zygon 38 (3):495-528.
    In order for theology to have a cognitive dimension, it is necessary to have procedures for testing and critically evaluating theological models. We make use of certain features of scientific models to show how science has been able to move beyond the poles of foundationalism, represented by logical positivism, and antifoundationalism or relativism, represented by the sociologists of knowledge. These ideas are generalized to show that constructing and testing theological models similarly offers a means by which theology can move beyond (...)
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  9.  77
    Constructing the Death Elephant: A Synthetic Paradigm Shift for the Definition, Criteria, and Tests for Death.D. A. Shewmon - 2010 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (3):256-298.
    In debates about criteria for human death, several camps have emerged, the main two focusing on either loss of the "organism as a whole" (the mainstream view) or loss of consciousness or "personhood." Controversies also rage over the proper definition of "irreversible" in criteria for death. The situation is reminiscent of the proverbial blind men palpating an elephant; each describes the creature according to the part he can touch. Similarly, each camp grasps some aspect of the complex reality of death. (...)
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  10.  56
    Constructing Black jews: Genetic tests and the lemba – the 'Black jews' of south Africa.Tudor Parfitt - 2003 - Developing World Bioethics 3 (2):112–118.
    This commentary examines the use of Y-chromosome testing to reconstruct a genetic ancestry for the Lemba, a group in southern Africa.
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  11.  18
    Constructing Black Jews: Genetic Tests and the Lemba – the ‘Black Jews’ of South Africa.Tudor Parfitt - 2003 - Developing World Bioethics 3 (2):112-118.
    This commentary examines the use of Y‐chromosome testing to reconstruct a genetic ancestry for the Lemba, a group in southern Africa that has long considered itself Jewish. The commentary looks especially at the reasons why this project drew such attention from the mainstream media.
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  12.  56
    Constructing Gender Incommensurability in Competitive Sport: Sex/Gender Testing and the New Regulations on Female Hyperandrogenism.Marion Müller - 2016 - Human Studies 39 (3):405-431.
    The segregation of the sexes in sport still seems to be regarded as a matter of course. In contrast to other performance classes, e.g., age and weight, which are constructed on the grounds of directly relevant performance features, in the case of gender it is dealt with the merely statistical factor that women on average perform less well than men. And yet unlike weight or age classes, which can be interchanged if the required performances are provided, the segregation between the (...)
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  13.  13
    Constructing Societies and Social Machines: Stepping Out of the Turing Test Discourse.P. B. Mcllvenny - 1993 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 3 (2-4):119-156.
  14.  29
    (De)constructing ethics for autonomous cars: A case study of Ethics Pen-Testing towards “AI for the Common Good”.Bettina Berendt - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    Recently, many AI researchers and practitioners have embarked on research visions that involve doing AI for “Good”. This is part of a general drive towards infusing AI research and practice with ethical thinking. One frequent theme in current ethical guidelines is the requirement that AI be good for all, or: contribute to the Common Good. But what is the Common Good, and is it enough to want to be good? Via four lead questions, the concept of Ethics Pen-Testing identifies challenges (...)
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  15.  29
    Using structural priming to test links between constructions: English caused-motion and resultative sentences inhibit each other.Tobias Ungerer - 2021 - Cognitive Linguistics 32 (3):389-420.
    Cognitive-linguistic theories commonly model speakers’ grammatical knowledge as a network of constructions related by a variety of associative links. The present study proposes that structural priming can provide psycholinguistic evidence of such links, and crucially, that the method can be extended to non-alternating constructions. In a comprehension priming experiment using the “maze” variant of self-paced reading, English caused-motion sentences were found to have an inhibitory effect by slowing down participants’ subsequent processing of resultatives, and vice versa, providing evidence that speakers (...)
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  16. The construction of an aptitude test battery for indian school beginners.Dj Swart - 1976 - Humanitas 3 (4):317.
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  17.  22
    The construction of categorization judgments: Using subjective confidence and response latency to test a distributed model.Asher Koriat & Hila Sorka - 2015 - Cognition 134 (C):21-38.
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  18.  12
    The construction of objective tests of a form of aesthetic judgement.Gordon Westland - 1968 - British Journal of Aesthetics 8 (4):387-393.
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  19.  37
    Theory-construction and theory-testing.Peter Alexander - 1958 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 9 (33):29-38.
  20.  26
    Visual-Constructional Ability in Individuals with Severe Obesity: Rey Complex Figure Test Accuracy and the Q-Score.Hanna L. Sargénius, Frederick W. Bylsma, Stian Lydersen & Knut Hestad - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  21.  15
    Testing the construct validity of the Discounting Inventory – Psychometric properties of a Polish and German samples.Marta Malesza - 2017 - Polish Psychological Bulletin 48 (1):118-128.
    The Discounting Inventory, originally developed in polish language, allows the measurement of individual differences in the delay, probabilistic, effort, and social discounting rates. The present study attempted to validate the DI’s psychometric properties using German university students and to compare the results to those from a sample of Polish university students. Over four hundred participants completed the DI and traditional discounting measures. A confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the original four-factor model of the DI provided an excellent fit for the (...)
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  22.  99
    Tests of Animal Consciousness are Tests of Machine Consciousness.Leonard Dung - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-20.
    If a machine attains consciousness, how could we find out? In this paper, I make three related claims regarding positive tests of machine consciousness. All three claims center on the idea that an AI can be constructed “ad hoc”, that is, with the purpose of satisfying a particular test of consciousness while clearly not being conscious. First, a proposed test of machine consciousness can be legitimate, even if AI can be constructed ad hoc specifically to pass this (...). This is underscored by the observation that many, if not all, putative tests of machine consciousness can be passed by non-conscious machines via ad hoc means. Second, we can identify ad hoc AI by taking inspiration from the notion of an ad hoc hypothesis in philosophy of science. Third, given the first and the second claim, the most reliable tests of animal consciousness turn out to be valid and useful positive tests of machine consciousness as well. If a non-ad hoc AI exhibits clusters of cognitive capacities facilitated by consciousness in humans which can be selectively switched off by masking and if it reproduces human behavior in suitably designed double dissociation tasks, we should treat the AI as conscious. (shrink)
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  23. Thinking Like a Wolf, a Sheep, or a Firefly: Learning Biology Through Constructing and Testing Computational Theories.Uri Wilensky & Kenneth Reisman - 2006 - Cognition & Instruction 24 (2):171-209.
    Biological phenomena can be investigated at multiple levels, from the molecular to the cellular to the organismic to the ecological. In typical biology instruction, these levels have been segregated. Yet, it is by examining the connections between such levels that many phenomena in biology, and complex systems in general, are best explained. We describe a computation-based approach that enables students to investigate the connections between different biological levels. Using agent-based, embodied modeling tools, students model the microrules underlying a biological phenomenon (...)
     
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  24.  10
    Test Assembly for Cognitive Diagnosis Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming.Wenyi Wang, Juanjuan Zheng, Lihong Song, Yukun Tu & Peng Gao - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    One purpose of cognitive diagnostic model is designed to make inferences about unobserved latent classes based on observed item responses. A heuristic for test construction based on the CDM information index proposed by Henson and Douglas has a far-reaching impact, but there are still many shortcomings. He and other researchers had also proposed new methods to improve or overcome the inherent shortcomings of the CDI test assembly method. In this study, one test assembly method of maximizing (...)
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  25. The constructability of artificial intelligence.Bruce Edmonds - 2000 - Journal of Logic Language and Information 9 (4):419-424.
    The Turing Test, as originally specified, centres on theability to perform a social role. The TT can be seen as a test of anability to enter into normal human social dynamics. In this light itseems unlikely that such an entity can be wholly designed in anoff-line mode; rather a considerable period of training insitu would be required. The argument that since we can pass the TT,and our cognitive processes might be implemented as a Turing Machine, that consequently a (...)
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  26.  6
    Integrating multi-informant reports of youth mental health: A construct validation test of Kraemer and colleagues’ (2003) Satellite Model.Natalie R. Charamut, Sarah J. Racz, Mo Wang & Andres De Los Reyes - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Accurately assessing youth mental health involves obtaining reports from multiple informants who typically display low levels of correspondence. This low correspondence may reflect situational specificity. That is, youth vary as to where they display mental health concerns and informants vary as to where and from what perspective they observe youth. Despite the frequent need to understand and interpret these informant discrepancies, no consensus guidelines exist for integrating informants’ reports. The path to building these guidelines starts with identifying factors that reliably (...)
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  27.  6
    Hadoop-Based Painting Resource Storage and Retrieval Platform Construction and Testing.Chenhua Zu - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-11.
    This paper adopts Hadoop to build and test the storage and retrieval platform for painting resources. This paper adopts Hadoop as the platform and MapReduce as the computing framework and uses Hadoop Distributed Filesystem distributed file system to store massive log data, which solves the storage problem of massive data. According to the business requirements of the system, this paper designs the system according to the process of web text mining, mainly divided into log data preprocessing module, log data (...)
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  28.  12
    Combining Text Mining of Long Constructed Responses and Item-Based Measures: A Hybrid Test Design to Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Qiwei He, Bernard P. Veldkamp, Cees A. W. Glas & Stéphanie M. van den Berg - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    This article introduces a new hybrid intake procedure developed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening, which combines an automated textual assessment of respondents’ self-narratives and item-based measures that are administered consequently. Text mining technique and item response modeling were used to analyze long constructed response (i.e., self-narratives) and responses to standardized questionnaires (i.e., multiple choices), respectively. The whole procedure is combined in a Bayesian framework where the textual assessment functions as prior information for the estimation of the PTSD latent trait. (...)
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  29.  24
    The construction of subjective brightness scales from fractionation data: a validation.R. M. Hanes - 1949 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 39 (5):719.
  30. Is Construct Validation Valid?Anna Alexandrova & Daniel M. Haybron - 2016 - Philosophy of Science 83 (5):1098-1109.
    What makes a measure of well-being valid? The dominant approach today, construct validation, uses psychometrics to ensure that questionnaires behave in accordance with background knowledge. Our first claim is interpretive—construct validation obeys a coherentist logic that seeks to balance diverse sources of evidence about the construct in question. Our second claim is critical—while in theory this logic is defensible, in practice it does not secure valid measures. We argue that the practice of construct validation in well-being research is theory avoidant, (...)
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  31.  14
    A construction and attempted validation of sensory sweetness scales.Shelton Macleod - 1952 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 44 (5):316.
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  32.  6
    Test Your Spirituality in One Minute or Less” Structural Validity of the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being Short Version.Jürgen Fuchshuber & Human F. Unterrainer - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Background: The Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being was developed in order to address a religious/spiritual dimension as being an important part of psychological well-being. In the meantime, the instrument has been successfully applied in numerous studies. Subsequently, a short version, the MI-RSWB 12 was constructed, especially for the use in clinical assessment. Here it is intended to contribute to the further development of the MI-RSWB 12 by investigating its structural validity through structural equation modeling.Materials and Methods: A total sample of (...)
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  33.  50
    Some Tests of an Unsupervised Model of Language Acquisition.Shimon Edelman - unknown
    We outline an unsupervised language acquisition algorithm and offer some psycholinguistic support for a model based on it. Our approach resembles the Construction Grammar in its general philosophy, and the Tree Adjoining Grammar in its computational characteristics. The model is trained on a corpus of transcribed child-directed speech (CHILDES). The model’s ability to process novel inputs makes it capable of taking various standard tests of English that rely on forced-choice judgment and on magnitude estimation of linguistic acceptability. We report (...)
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  34. The Place of the Bifactor Model in Confirmatory Factor Analysis Investigations Into Construct Dimensionality in Language Testing.Karen J. Dunn & Gareth McCray - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  35. Testlabor Natur : Entwickeln und Konstruieren nach biologischen Vorbildern = Nature, a test lab : developing and constructing according to biological archetypes.Werner Nachtigall - 2015 - In Rudolf Finsterwalder, Kristin Feireiss & Frei Otto (eds.), Form follows nature: eine Geschichte der Natur als Modell für Formfindung in Ingenieurbau, Architektur und Kunst = a history of nature as model for design in engineering, architecture and art. Basel: Birkhäuser.
     
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  36. Self-Testing for Dementia: A Phenomenological Analysis of Fear.Alexandra Kapeller & Marjolein de Boer - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Humanities:1-15.
    Following the growing economic relevance of mobile health (mHealth) and the increasing global prevalence of dementia, self-testing apps for dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder (MCD) have been developed and advertised. The apps’ promise of a quick and easy tool has been criticized in the literature from a variety of angles, but as we argue in this article, the celebratory characterization of self-testing also stands in disbalance to the various kinds of fears that may be connected to taking the test. (...)
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  37.  10
    Subjective Confidence in the Response to Personality Questions: Some Insight Into the Construction of People’s Responses to Test Items.Asher Koriat, Monika Undorf, Eryn Newman & Norbert Schwarz - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  38. On the Ramsey Test without Triviality.Hannes Leitgeb - 2010 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 51 (1):21-54.
    We present a way of classifying the logically possible ways out of Gärdenfors' inconsistency or triviality result on belief revision with conditionals. For one of these ways—conditionals which are not descriptive but which only have an inferential role as being given by the Ramsey test—we determine which of the assumptions in three different versions of Gärdenfors' theorem turn out to be false. This is done by constructing ranked models in which such Ramsey-test conditionals are evaluated and which are (...)
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  39.  30
    German children's productivity with simple transitive and complement-clause constructions: Testing the effects of frequency and variability.Silke Brandt, Arie Verhagen, Elena Lieven & Michael Tomasello - 2011 - Cognitive Linguistics 22 (2):325-357.
    The development of abstract schemas and productive rules in language is affected by both token and type frequencies. High token frequencies and surface similarities help to discover formal and functional commonalities between utterances and categorize them as instances of the same schema. High type frequencies and diversity help to develop slots in these schemas, which allow the production and comprehension of novel utterances. In the current study we looked at both token and type frequencies in two related constructions in German (...)
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  40.  14
    Constructional associations trump lexical associations in processing valency coercion.Alessandro Lenci, Florent Perek & Lucia Busso - 2021 - Cognitive Linguistics 32 (2):287-318.
    The paper investigates the interaction of lexical and constructional meaning in valency coercion processing, and the effect of (in)compatibility between verb and construction for its successful resolution (Perek, Florent & Martin Hilpert. 2014. Constructional tolerance: Cross-linguistic differences in the acceptability of non-conventional uses of constructions. Constructions and Frames 6(2). 266–304; Yoon, Soyeon. 2019. Coercion and language change: A usage-based approach. Linguistic Research 36(1). 111–139). We present an online experiment on valency coercion (the first one on Italian), by means of (...)
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  41. Constructive Verification, Empirical Induction, and Falibilist Deduction: A Threefold Contrast.Julio Michael Stern - 2011 - Information 2 (4):635-650.
    This article explores some open questions related to the problem of verification of theories in the context of empirical sciences by contrasting three epistemological frameworks. Each of these epistemological frameworks is based on a corresponding central metaphor, namely: (a) Neo-empiricism and the gambling metaphor; (b) Popperian falsificationism and the scientific tribunal metaphor; (c) Cognitive constructivism and the object as eigen-solution metaphor. Each of one of these epistemological frameworks has also historically co-evolved with a certain statistical theory and method for testing (...)
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  42. A constructive look at the completeness of the space $\mathcal{d} (\mathbb{r})$.Hajime Ishihara & Satoru Yoshida - 2002 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 67 (4):1511-1519.
    We show, within the framework of Bishop's constructive mathematics, that (sequential) completeness of the locally convex space $\mathcal{D} (\mathbb{R})$ of test functions is equivalent to the principle BD-N which holds in classical mathemtatics, Brouwer's intuitionism and Markov's constructive recursive mathematics, but does not hold in Bishop's constructivism.
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  43.  65
    A constructive look at the completeness of the space (ℝ).Hajime Ishihara & Satoru Yoshida - 2002 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 67 (4):1511-1519.
    We show, within the framework of Bishop's constructive mathematics, that (sequential) completeness of the locally convex space $\mathcal{D} (\mathbb{R})$ of test functions is equivalent to the principle BD-N which holds in classical mathemtatics, Brouwer's intuitionism and Markov's constructive recursive mathematics, but does not hold in Bishop's constructivism.
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  44.  38
    Critique of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Test: The More You Know, the Lower Your Score.Kevin Possin - 2014 - Informal Logic 34 (4):393-416.
    The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Test is one of the oldest, most frequently used, multiple-choice critical-thinking tests on the market in business, government, and legal settings for purposes of hiring and promotion. I demonstrate, however, that the test has serious construct-validity issues, stemming primarily from its ambiguous, unclear, misleading, and sometimes mysterious instructions, which have remained unaltered for decades. Erroneously scored items further diminish the test’s validity. As a result, having enhanced knowledge of formal and informal logic (...)
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  45.  6
    A sisterhood of constructions? A structural priming approach to modelling links in the network of Objoid Constructions.Tamara Bouso, Marianne Hundt & Laetitia Van Driessche - forthcoming - Cognitive Linguistics.
    A central aim of Construction Grammar is to model links within the construct-i-con. This paper investigates three constructions that share one property: an atypical element in the object slot. The constructions are therefore not prototypically transitive. Structural priming (implemented with an automatic maze variant of self-paced reading) is used to test hypotheses on the relation among the Reaction Objoid (She smiled her thanks), the Cognate Objoid (She smiled a sweet smile or He told a sly tale), and the (...)
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  46.  14
    Incorporating the multi-level nature of the constructicon into hypothesis testing.Stefan Grondelaers, Freek Van de Velde, Dirk Speelman & Dirk Pijpops - 2021 - Cognitive Linguistics 32 (3):487-528.
    Construction grammar organizes its basic elements of description, its constructions, into networks that range from concrete, lexically-filled constructions to fully schematic ones, with several levels of partially schematic constructions in between. However, only few corpus studies with a constructionist background take this multi-level nature fully into account. In this paper, we argue that understanding language variation can be advanced considerably by systematically formulating and testing hypotheses at various levels in the constructional network. To illustrate the approach, we present a (...)
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  47.  44
    Exact tests, confidence regions and estimates.P. Martin-Löf - 1977 - Synthese 36 (2):195 - 206.
    This paper proposes a uniform method for constructing tests, confidence regions and point estimates which is called exact since it reduces to Fisher's so-called exact test in the case of the hypothesis of independence in a 2 × 2 contingency table. All the wellknown standard tests based on exact sampling distributions are instances of the exact test in its general form. The likelihood ratio and x2 tests as well as the maximum likelihood estimate appears as asymptotic approximations to (...)
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  48. Novel evidence and severe tests.Deborah G. Mayo - 1991 - Philosophy of Science 58 (4):523-552.
    While many philosophers of science have accorded special evidential significance to tests whose results are "novel facts", there continues to be disagreement over both the definition of novelty and why it should matter. The view of novelty favored by Giere, Lakatos, Worrall and many others is that of use-novelty: An accordance between evidence e and hypothesis h provides a genuine test of h only if e is not used in h's construction. I argue that what lies behind the (...)
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  49. Test-retest reliability of voluntary emotion regulation.Hyejeen Lee - unknown
    Despite growing interest in emotion regulation, the degree to which psychophysiological measures of emotion regulation are stable over time remains unknown. We examined four-week test-retest reliability of corrugator electromyographic and eyeblink startle measures of negative emotion and its regulation. Both measures demonstrated similar sensitivity to the emotion manipulation, but only individual differences in corrugator modulation and regulation showed adequate reliability. Startle demonstrated diminished sensitivity to the regulation instructions across assessments and poor reliability. This suggests that corrugator represents a trait-like (...)
     
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  50.  15
    Test Anxiety in Adolescent Students: Different Responses According to the Components of Anxiety as a Function of Sociodemographic and Academic Variables.Rosa Torrano, Juan M. Ortigosa, Antonio Riquelme, Francisco J. Méndez & José A. López-Pina - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    ObjectiveTest anxiety (TA) is a construct that has scarcely been studied based on Lang’s three-dimensional model of anxiety. The objective of this article is to investigate the repercussion of sociodemographic and academic variables on different responses for each component of anxiety and for the type of test in adolescent students.MethodA total of 1181 students from 12 to 18 years old (M= 14.7 and SD = 1.8) participated, of whom 569 were boys (48.2%) and 612 girls (51.8%). A sociodemographic questionnaire (...)
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