A characterization of the subdirectly irreducible separable dynamic algebras is presented. The notions develo- ped for this study were also suitable to describe the previously found class of simple separable dynamic algebras.

In this paper it is argued why and how the aesthetics of sport should be included in higher education curricula in sport sciences. It is claimed that within the scope of philosophy of sport, aesthetics has its own role to play, since it provides a ‘sensible knowledge’ that should not be undervalued, and philosophers of sport must be aware of this. Providing examples from Portugal and Brazil, it is enunciated how these countries have been taking seriously and incorporated (if only (...) partially) inquiry and education concerning the aesthetics of sport. Through an interpretative analysis, it is argued about the adoption of the aesthetics of sport in academic curricula and also in the syllabus of sport philosophy and aesthetics of sport courses in the context of higher education in the Faculty of Sport at the University of Porto. (shrink)

For some years now, amongst contemporary Western societies (where capitalism and globalization have a great influence), the presence and developmentof a well-defined and peculiar emotional culture has become clear. The appropriate use and management of emotions, support a system of relations and codes that draw new limits between public and private life and between people and their actions. Arlie Russell Hochschild has studied the dynamics of emotions, aiming to define their distinctive languages. Interactions between the public and the individual realm (...) and the social sphere gives shape a code which imposes certain meanings and uses that are beyond the intention and perception of emotional subjects. Studies on the recent transformations of feminine roles and the social readjustments, which go along with those changes, are specifically motivated by the insertion of women in the business world, taking a central place in Hochschild’s investigations. This paper shows how new emotional codes, as Hochschild defines them, have great influence on modern lifestyles and how the role of women (and here lies the central friction between the family and career consolidation) is at the center of the characteristically modern lifestyle revolution. (shrink)

This paper aims to reconstruct the concept of “people” in the political theory of John Locke considering his theory of consent. First, we analyze the notion of “political resistance” that provides important elements to characterize the Lockean people. We then complement that perspective with the hypothesis that the distinction between express and tacit consent is key to determine who can be part of the people, as we try to demonstrate that the analysis of this distinction solely focused on the duty (...) to obey the law turns out to be insufficient. (shrink)

Se cuestionan las dos conclusiones imputadas a la aplicación de la “paradoja escéptica de Wittgenstein” al derecho, tal como es desarrollada por S. Kripke. A saber, o bien la paradoja se aplica a la práctica del derecho y esta es indeterminada e imposible, o bien aquella es completamente irrelevante para la práctica del derecho y la reflexión filosófica sobre este. Se sugiere que la filosofía del derecho puede aceptar la relevancia de esta paradoja y obtener nuevos elementos a partir de (...) ella. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se cuestionan las dos conclusiones imputadas a la aplicación de la "paradoja escéptica de Wittgenstein" al derecho, tal como es desarrollada por S. Kripke. A saber, o bien la paradoja se aplica a la práctica del derecho y esta es indeterminada e imposible, o bien aquella es completamente irrelevante para la práctica del derecho y la reflexión filosófica sobre este. Se sugiere que la filosofía del derecho puede aceptar la relevancia de esta paradoja y obtener nuevos elementos a partir (...) de ella. ABSTRACT The article questions the two conclusions attributed to the application of "Wittgenstein's skeptical paradox" to law, as developed by S. Kripke: that is, either the paradox is applied to the practice of law and it is indeterminate or impossible, or the paradox is completely irrelevant for the practice of law and for philosophical reflection in that respect. The paper suggests that philosophy of right can accept the relevance of the paradox and draw new elements from it. (shrink)

En este trabajo trato de demostrar que Nino no logra articular un liberalismo completamente antiperfeccionista en su respuesta al comunitarismo. Para ello, parto de reconstruir el diagnóstico que Nino ofrece de la crítica comunitarista al liberalismo y señalo que para darle respuesta se compromete con una concepción particular del bien basada en la idea de autorrealización autónoma. En la siguiente sección desarrollo la manera en la que esa concepción del bien da forma al liberalismo de Nino y, en el apartado (...) siguiente, la confronto con un experimento mental destinado a evaluar si es capaz de bloquear distintas políticas estatales de corte perfeccionista. En la última sección ofrezco unas breves conclusiones respecto al modo en el que la adopción de una concepción del bien particular limita las pretensiones antiperfeccionistas de su teoría liberal. In this paper I attempt to prove that Nino does not succeed in developing a fully antiperfectionist account of liberalism as an answer to the communitarian challenge. I begin with a reconstruction of Nino’s diagnosis of the communitarian challenge to liberalism and point out that, in order to answer it he commits himself to a particular conception of the good based on the idea of autonomous self-realization. In the next section I develop the way by which that conception of the good shapes Nino’s liberalism. I further challenge his liberalism with a mental experiment designed to asses if it is capable of blocking several perfectionist State policies. In the last section I offer some brief remarks on the way the adoption of a particular conception of the good limits the antiperfectionist scope of Nino’s liberalism. (shrink)

Many scholars of Medieval Political Philosophy have suggested that Marisilius of Padua’s Defensor Pacis defends a «positivist» approach to law. In this article we try to show that such claim is wrong. We begin by sketching a brief summary of Marilius’ legal doctrine and then we turn to many scholarly pieces that have found it either in favor of or against «juridical positivism» in the Defensor Pacis. By reviewing the most recent theories on «juridical positivism» we argue that there are (...) no evidences of any coherent «positivist» view of Law in Marsilius’ work and, that if there are, they are irrelevant to Marsilius’ political philosophy. (shrink)

Vision and the gaze are key issues in the analysis of racism, sexism and ethnocentrism. In recent radical theory, generally, and French theory in particular, vision has been seen as a means of control. But this view is often unnuanced. It bypasses questions such as: Why is it that contemporary theories have been so critical of vision, and generous towards listening (in psychoanalysis) and language (in philosophy)? This collection of original essays brings together historical studies and contemporary theoretical perspectives on (...) vision. The historical papers focus in turn on Ancient Greece, medieval theology, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. These historical studies are themselves thoroughly informed by poststructuralist theory. They provide a rigorous background for several new, exciting articles on vision and its bearings for feminism, race, sexual orientation, film and art. This collection is the first of its kind in juxtaposing historical and contemporary. (shrink)

Vision and the gaze are key issues in the analysis of racism, sexism and ethnocentrism. In recent radical theory, generally, and French theory in particular, vision has been seen as a means of control. But this view is often unnuanced. It bypasses questions such as: Why is it that contemporary theories have been so critical of vision, and generous towards listening and language? This collection of original essays brings together historical studies and contemporary theoretical perspectives on vision. The historical papers (...) focus in turn on Ancient Greece, medieval theology, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the nineteenth century. These historical studies are themselves thoroughly informed by poststructuralist theory. They provide a rigorous background for several new, exciting articles on vision and its bearings for feminism, race, sexual orientation, film and art. This collection is the first of its kind in juxtaposing historical and contemporary. (shrink)

Even though there is a general presence of aesthetics in school curricula in most of western countries, both at the level of terminology and at the level of choice and definition of contents, objectives and skills to be developed, the approach to sports and physical education potential for the development of aesthetic education of students still does not seem to be a reality in the agenda of this subject. Moreover, it is not transversal in terms of its different didactic contents. (...) In order to explore its relevance, the aim of this work was to deepen how aesthetics is internal and central to sports experience, and which elements of sports and physical education lived experiences can be relevant in the promotion and development of the aesthetic sensibility of students. We propose the deepening of the subject through an hermeneutical qualitative research approach, confronting the content collected in 19 semi-structured interviews that enabled the thematic analysis of its content, and through it, the discussion of viewpoints of representative subjects among those that are the main players in the consideration of an aesthetic education through sport, namely physical education teachers and researchers in the context of aesthetics and sports sciences. With the information gathered and after its processing, we could conclude that there are aesthetic elements of sport's experience that should be taken into account in an aesthetic educational point of view of physical education, namely: complexity, diversity, playability, tension between drama and accuracy, overcoming experience, risk and vulnerability, unpredictable storylines and uncertainty, technique and effectiveness. (shrink)

As pesquisas sobre leitura e escrita é o foco deste artigo que visa mapear e apresentar as teses e dissertações dos programas de pós-graduação em Educação de Santa Catarina e Paraná que investigaram leitura e escrita; analisar o contexto geral das pesquisas, destacando o foco investigativo; refletir sobre os fazeres realizados e as ausências sentidas. A ancoragem teórica aproxima os estudos dos letramentos compreendendo-os como um conjunto de práticas que se fazem com a linguagem sob a ótica enunciativa com destaque (...) para o campo discursivo. É uma pesquisa caracterizada como “estado do conhecimento” a qual mapeou sessenta e cinco produções escritas entre 2009 e 2013. A análise quantificou as produções em cada Programa, delimitou os temas investigados e os focos abordados em leitura e escrita em cada estado. Os resultados revelam que, devido à pluralidade da área da linguagem, esta abarca pesquisas que articulam conhecimentos da educação e da linguística como método fônico, avaliação em leitura, variação linguística, mas o tema que mais dialogou com a leitura e a escrita foi o da formação docente. A leitura e análise dos resumos indica que as pesquisas se concentram nos Programas da UEL, FURB, UFPR, UEM, UNOESC, UNIVALI, sendo que, em média, 14 pesquisas foram produzidas por ano com pequena queda em 2013, no qual ocorreram nove, isso revela o interesse e a necessidade de discussão da leitura e da escrita na educação. Outro ponto detectado, por se tratar de um estado do conhecimento, foi a informatividade e qualidade dos resumos os quais, na sua maioria, apresentam as seguintes lacunas: ausência de palavra-chave ou falta de coerência entre elas e o resumo; falta de informação sobre a base teórica o que impossibilita depreender a concepção de leitura e escrita. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa. Leitura. Escrita. Pós-Graduação. Educação. (shrink)

Desde la publicación de la encíclica Laudato si ‘(LS) del Papa Francisco en 2015, se han llevado a cabo múltiples acciones para fomentar una visión integral de la ecología en la Iglesia Católica. El objetivo fue el desarrollo de una propuesta curricular que incluye el desarrollo sostenible e integral en la enseñanza de la religión católica. El curso CHANCES ofrece un nuevo paradigma de la enseñanza de la religión católica, mostrando cómo desde ella se pueden descubrir motivaciones profundas, y potenciar (...) actitudes y virtudes, que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de competencias en sostenibilidad. (shrink)

O objetivo desde artigo é analisar a espiritualidade na educação em Paulo Freire e bell hooks. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que tem como fundamentação teórica: Freire, hooks, Oliveira, Boff, Dullo, entre outros. Considera-se nesta análise que os educadores percebem a educação como um processo de libertação de toda forma de dominação, a partir do diálogo, do desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, da construção coletiva do conhecimento, da práxis e do respeito aos saberes e as experiências de educandos e educadores. (...) A espiritualidade tratada como pertencente à sala de aula de forma a garantir a integralidade, a inteireza do ser, espiritualidade que nutre a esperança na educação como prática de liberdade. (shrink)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly swept the globe leaving a devastating trail of lost human lives and leading to a public health and economic crisis. With this in mind, prosociality has been heralded as a potential important factor to overcome the negative effects of the pandemic. As such, in this study, we examined the effectiveness of a brief reflexive writing exercise about recent experiences of gratitude on individuals’ intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors using a sample (...) of 253 participants living in Portugal and 280 participants living in Brazil. Participants were randomly assigned to either a condition in which they were asked to write about recent experiences of gratitude or a control group in which they were asked to write about daily tasks. We predicted that the gratitude intervention would increase state gratitude and, consequently, increase positive affect and empathic concern, and decrease negative affect, leading to increased intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A moderated serial–parallel mediation analysis, in which we controlled for gender, age, and level of religiosity, indicated that our manipulation led to increases in state gratitude, which in turn increased positive emotions and empathic concern, leading to increased prosocial intentions in both countries. A content analysis of participants’ responses in the gratitude group revealed that relationships with others and health and well-being were the central themes of their gratitude experiences during the COVID-19 global pandemic. (shrink)

The financial crash of 2008 following the selling of fictitious derivatives was a crisis of both rationality and values whose aftermath has thrown the legitimation of deregulated markets, and governments, into question. This paper critiques the Becker metaphor of human capital and submits that human value is central to and the fulcrum of both economic and social values. It illustrates that Hume and Adam Smith directly countered the Hobbesian hypothesis that human nature is based only on self-interest, distinguishes market values (...) from social values, explicit from implicit values and parallels Sen in adopting an ordinal ranking of what people value rather than a search for cardinality. It draws on cognitive psychology, neural research, revealed preference theory and a principle of implicit verification. It also outlines implications for what Adam Smith centrally valued as concern for the welfare of the whole of society. (shrink)

Resumo: A partir da disseminação das políticas educacionais inclusivas observa-se um aumento de matrículas de estudantes em situação de deficiência no Ensino Superior, elegíveis aos serviços de Educação Especial, no Brasil. Este artigo objetiva analisar os critérios institucionais utilizados para delinear o perfil desses universitários nos dados Censitários da Universidade e, de que modo tais dados comungam com as políticas educacionais inclusivas vigentes. Por conseguinte, buscará compreender como as políticas institucionais da universidade se correlacionam com as do Censo do Ensino (...) Superior e Políticas Educacionais Inclusivas no que refere aos apoios e medidas protetivas de acesso e participação dos estudantes a esta etapa de ensino à população mencionada. Trata-se de um estudo documental balizado na descrição do perfil de universitários da graduação e de pós-graduação, de uma universidade pública paulista no a) anuário institucional, b) formulário de identificação de matrícula de estudantes e, c) das designações desta população, descrita no Censo do INEP. Os resultados demonstraram um descompasso na caracterização dos marcadores que retratam o perfil do público em relação as designações referenciadas na Lei Brasileira de Inclusão. A escassez de práticas institucionais inclusivas dirigidas a este tema, somadas a falta de clareza na compreensão sobre as demandas educacionais específicas, declaradas pelos estudantes contribuem para manter um clima de instabilidade das tratativas de respostas à permanência deste público na universidade investigada. Palavra-chave: Acessibilidade; Deficiência; Ensino Superior; Políticas Educacionais Inclusivas. Policy for the identification of students with SEN at a public Brazilian university Abstract: From the dissemination of inclusive educational policies, there is an increase in enrollment of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Higher Education, users of Special Education services, in Brazil.The article aims to analyze the institutional criteria used to delineate the profile of these university students in the University's Census data and how these data are in line with the current inclusive educational policies. Therefore, it will seek to understand how the university's institutional policies correlate with those of the Higher Education Census and Inclusive Educational Policies regarding support and protective measures to access this stage of education for the population mentioned. This is a documentary study based on the description of the profile of undergraduate and graduate students, of a public university in São Paulo in a) institutional yearbook, b) student enrollment identification form, and c) the designations of this population, described in the INEP Census. The results demonstrated a disparity in the characterization of the markers that portray the public's profile in relation to the designations referenced in the Brazilian Inclusion Law. The shortage of inclusive institutional practices aimed at this theme, added to the lack of clarity in understanding about the especific educational demands, declared by students at the time contribute to maintaining a climate of instability in the treatment of responses to the permanence of this public in the investigated university. Key-words: Accessibility; Disability; Higher Education; Inclusive Educational Policies. Política para la identificación de estudiantes con NEE en una universidad pública brasileña Resumen: El artigo tiene como objetivo analizar los criterios institucionales utilizados para delinear el perfil de estos estudiantes universitarios en los datos del Censo de la Universidad y cómo estos datos están en línea con las políticas educativas inclusivas vigentes. Por lo tanto, le interesará comprender cómo las políticas institucionales de la universidad se correlacionan con las del Censo de Educación Superior y las Políticas Educativas Inclusivas en cuanto a medidas de apoyo y protección para el acceso a esta etapa educativa para la población mencionada. Se trata de un estudio documental basado en la descripción del perfil de estudiantes de grado y posgrado, de una universidad pública de São Paulo en a) anuario institucional y b) formulario de identificación de matrícula y, c) las designaciones de esta población, descritas en Censo del INEP. Los resultados demostraron un desajuste en la caracterización de los marcadores que retratan el perfil del público en relación a las designaciones referenciadas en la Ley de Inclusión brasileña. La escasez de prácticas institucionales inclusivas dirigidas a esta temática, sumada a la falta de claridad en la comprensión de las demandas educativas especificas, declaradas por los estudiantes al momento de su ingreso y / o matrícula, contribuyen a mantener un clima de inestabilidad en el tratamiento de respuestas a la permanencia de este público en la universidad investigada. Palabra-claves: Accesibilidad ; Deficiencia ; Enseñanza superior ; Políticas educativas inclusivas Data de registro: 16/04/2021 Data de aceite: 16/02/2022. (shrink)

This paper traces missing links in the history of economic thought. In outlining Hume's concept of 'the reflexive mind' it shows that this opened frontiers between philosophy and psychology which Bertrand Russell denied and which logical positivism in philosophy and positive economics displaced. It relates this to Hume's influence not only on Smith, but also on Schopenhauer and the later Wittgenstein, with parallels in Gestalt psychology and recent findings from neural research and cognitive psychology. It critiques Kant's reaction to Hume's (...) claim that one may assume but cannot prove cause and effect and how Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis has been Kantian but wrong in claims for axioms that are universal truths. It illustrates how Samuelson's presumption that language and mathematics are 'identical' was as mistaken as the logical atomism of Russell and the early Wittgenstein, relates this to Kleinian splitting, denial and projective identification and suggests that recovery of greater realism in economics needs to regain links with such philosophy and psychology. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 108 Heft: 1 Seiten: 229-276.

The purpose of this article has been to show what social sciences can contribute to advance in the knowledge and understanding of personal and social problems derived from suffering from rare vision diseases. It concludes that the incorporation of data in the National Patient Registries is an opportunity to encourage research into the problems existing in our social and cultural context, in the search for solutions that will lead to improvements in treatment, health care, psycho-social care, education, employment, etc. and (...) in the evaluation of results. In short, in the conditions and quality of life of patients and their families. (shrink)

João Galrão, fundador de uma das mais importantes oficinas tipográficas na Lisboa do século XVII, possuía quatro marcas tipográficas, as quais apresentam como característica comum a presença das suas iniciais – IG. Se muitas das espécies produzidas na oficina de João Galrão ostentam, no rosto ou no cólofon, a marca do impressor, após a sua morte, a situação altera-se. António Pedroso Galrão, sobrinho e continuador do impressor João Galrão, utilizou, até meados do século XVIII, o material tipográfico da oficina de (...) seu tio, reduzindo as marcas tipográficas a uma função meramente decorativa. Curiosamente, em contrafacções estampadas na sua oficina tipográfica, não se coibiu de as utilizar, deixando a sua marca identificadora. (shrink)

En el contexto de pandemia han aparecido nuevas fórmulas de ejecución de violencias de género. Estas violencias afectan los procesos participativos en los centros educativos. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar como las pedagogías feministas dan respuesta a esta situación desde el método biográfico-narrativo. Las principales conclusiones aportan las bondades existentes del diálogo entre las pedagogías feministas y el método biográfico-narrativo como base para intervenir en las situaciones de desigualdad generadas por las violencias acaecidas, y poder asentar bases para (...) una participación democrática en los espacios educativos formales. (shrink)

Diagnosing Challenging Oppositional Disorder on children and young people is approached by health as a disorder that has a compilation of features that can even make the disorder easily camouflaged or confused with others, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or Disorder. In addition to the discussions of a TOD’s clinical perception, it’s necessary to deconstruct some norms and look at this difference, through another perception in which it allows us to reflect TOD from a philosophical social perspective.This research sought (...) to reflect on characteristics present in the Disorder and problematize them according to the theory proposed by Michael Foucault about governmentality, this being a concept that basically expresses a manifestation of power in which conducts the conduct of the persons. As a result, the research points out that it is essential to analyze and monitor the behavior of children with suspicion of COD in different contexts, not supporting them only in medical characteristics. Relating to the concepts of the difference’s philosophy, can see children’s attitudes, seen by society as a diversion of behaviors, as manifestations of reverse-behaviors or even, resistance stemming from a normalizing society in the various institutions scattered by social knitting: at school, or family, which are the two most cited in this article. In short, society must have a distinctly deconstructed way of subjectivizing children to future subjects who practice freedom. Keywords: Challeging oppositional Disorder. Governmental. Power relationship. (shrink)

O governo das diferenças e a potência da vida surda na escola Resumo: É urgente afirmar a surdez como acontecimento ontológico, produtor de diferenças, as quais se materializam no corpo dos sujeitos surdos. O artigo objetiva produzir uma análise filosófica da surdez-acontecimento, fazendo um paralelo entre a ação das políticas educacionais e a micro relação do cotidiano escolar, pelo movimento de resistência das pessoas surdas às políticas igualitárias. O conceito de governamentalidade, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, é fundamental para essa reflexão, (...) apontando dois movimentos nas práticas inclusivas: o primeiro, agenciado na pauta da diversidade, com foco em práticas igualitárias e o segundo movimento, produzido na lógica da diferença. Propõe-se anunciar a surdez não apenas pela diferença, linguístico-cultural, mas como efeito de uma diferença ontológica espalhada no corpo social por fluxos ramificados, em movimentos intensivos, minando internamente os sujeitos e por eles, as variadas instituições. É a prática rasteira da contra-ação desse “ser” surdo às ações normalizadoras que interessa aqui ressaltar. Palavras-chave: Educação de surdos. Políticas inclusivas. Diferenças. Apoio e financimento da pesquisa: FAPESP e à CAPES Government of differences and the power of deaf life in school: It is urgent to affirm deafness as an ontological event, producer of differences, which materialize in the body of deaf subjects. The article aims to produce a philosophical analysis of deafness-event, making a parallel between the action of educational policies and the micro relationship of school daily, by the movement of resistance of deaf people to egalitarian policies. The concept of governmentality, developed by Michel Foucault, is fundamental to this reflection, pointing out two movements in inclusive practices: the first, guided by the diversity agenda, focusing on egalitarian practices and the second movement, produced in the logic of difference. It is proposed to announce deafness not only by linguistic-cultural difference, but as the effect of an ontological difference spread in the social body by branched flows, intensive movements, internally undermining the subjects and by them the various institutions. It is the low practice of counteracting this deaf “being” to normalizing actions that is of interest here. Keywords: Deaf education. Inclusive policies. Differences. Gobierno de diferencias y el poder de la vida de los sordos en la escuela Resumen: Es urgente afirmar la sordera como un evento ontológico, productor de diferencias, que se materializa en el cuerpo de los sordos. El artículo tiene como objetivo producir un análisis filosófico del evento de sordera, haciendo un paralelo entre la acción de las políticas educativas y la micro relación de la escuela diaria, por el movimiento de resistencia de las personas sordas a las políticas igualitarias. El concepto de gubernamentalidad, desarrollado por Michel Foucault, es fundamental para esta reflexión, señalando dos movimientos en prácticas inclusivas: el primero, guiado por la agenda de la diversidad, centrado en prácticas igualitarias y el segundo movimiento, producido en la lógica de la diferencia. Se propone anunciar la sordera no solo por la diferencia lingüístico-cultural, sino como el efecto de una diferencia ontológica propagada en el cuerpo social por flujos ramificados, movimientos intensivos, que debilitan internamente a los sujetos y por ellos a las diversas instituciones. Lo que interesa aquí es la baja práctica de contrarrestar este "ser" sordo para normalizar las acciones. Palabras clave: Educación para sordos. Políticas inclusivas. Diferencias. Data de registro: 11/12/2019 Data de aceite: 21/10/2020. (shrink)

Ante ciertos modelos causales del agente libre inspirados en Tomás de Aquino, resulta interesante atender al modelo causal presentado por Tomás mismo, especialmente en un texto a partir del cual se puede rastrear la exposición de la acción libre como el efecto de los cuatro sentidos causales aristotélicos. Se trata de la cuestión sobre los actos imperados (ST I–II, q. 17); en cuyos primeros cuatro artículos –y en sus textos paralelos– determina que la voluntad es causa agente; la razón práctica, (...) causa ordenadora; y el imperium de ambas (razón y voluntad) se relaciona con el acto imperado como lo formal con lo material. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to investigate and discuss the notions of difference and representation in Emmanuel Levinas and Gilles Deleuze, articulating such notions through the example of a university extension project involving the formation of a musical ensemble composed of autistic children. Our research involved a review of four major philosophical works—Emmanuel Levinas’ Totality and Infinity; Among Us: Essays On Alterity; and “The Concept Of Difference In Bergson”; and Gilles Deleuze’s Difference and Repetition--in addition to secondary references. The (...) main articulations of the investigation carried out in the project consist of aspects such as: taking responsibility for the autistic child through cultivating asymmetrical relationships, a process that takes place through sensibility, below any representation; and not totalizing the alterity involved while maintaining, at the same time, its radical difference. In addition, there is an emphasis in the work on the difference of each child, beyond his or her diagnostic identity, understanding that all participants are undergoing unique processes of differentiation, and that some differences are not more privileged than others, in that that such hierarchies are determined by power relations. Another contribution of this research is the emphasis on the intensive affective flows of children, and the construction of relationships of mutual affection, which increases the circulation of vital energy in each one. Finally, the results of the project are offered as guidelines for clinical practice, and for the cultivation of a politics of difference, as an alternative to hegemonic practices in autism studies in contemporary times. (shrink)

Natural deduction systems for classical, intuitionistic and modal logics were deeply investigated by Prawitz [D. Prawitz, Natural Deduction: A Proof-theoretical Study, in: Stockholm Studies in Philosophy, vol. 3, Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 1965. Reprinted at: Dover Publications, Dover Books on Mathematics, 2006] from a proof-theoretical perspective. Prawitz proved weak normalization for classical logic only for a language without logical or, there exists and with a restricted application of reduction ad absurdum. Reduction steps related to logical or, there exists and classical (...) negation bring about many problems solved only rather recently. For classical S5 modal logic, Prawitz defined a normalizable system, but for a language without logical or, there exists, ◊ and, for a propositional language without ◊, Medeiros [M.da P.N. Medeiros, A new S4 classical modal logic in natural deduction, Journal of Symbolic Logic 71 799–809] presented a normalizable system for classical S4. We can mention many cut-free Gentzen systems for S4, S5 and K45/K45D, some normalizable natural deduction systems for intuitionistic modal logics and one more for full classical S4, but not for full classical S5. Here our focus is on the definition of a classical and normalizable natural deduction system for S5, taking not only □ and ◊ as primitive symbols, but also all connectives and quantifiers, including classical negation, disjunction and the existential quantifier. The normalization procedure is based on the strategy proposed by Massi [C.D.B. Massi, Provas de normalizaçaõ para a lógica clássica, Ph.D. Thesis, Departamento de Filosofia, UNICAMP, Campinas, 1990] and Pereira and Massi [L.C. Pereira, C.D.B. Massi, Normalização para a lógica clássica, in: O que nos faz pensar, Cadernos de Filosofia da PUC-RJ, vol. 2, 1990, pp. 49–53] for first-order classical logic to cope with the combined use of classical negation, disjunction and the existential quantifier. Here we extend such results to deal with □ and ◊ too. The elimination rule for ◊ uses the notions of connection and of essentially modal formulas already proposed by Prawitz for the introduction of □. Beyond weak normalization, we also prove the subformula property for full S5. (shrink)

Trata-se de relato de experiência sobre a rede de atençao psicossocial com populaçoes vulneraveis, populaçoes de imigrantes africanos e estrangeiros em geral que vivem no contexto francês através do Centro de Acolhimento a Refugiados. A reflexao busca estabelecer um eixo de consideraçao sobre a realidade do nordeste brasileiro com as perspectivas da epistemologia da Terapia Comunitaria criada pelo professor e médico psiquiatra Adalberto Barreto, e consideraçoes da pedagogia de Paulo Freire a fim de exercer o cuidado em saude mental para (...) pessoas expostas a extremas violências de ordem étnica, cultural, psiquica, econômica, social e moral. O relato revela que os conhecimentos e experiência brasileira estao sendo aprofundados e desenvolvidos por profissionais da saude mental no contexto francês através da clinica da antropologia médica, junto ao Polo de Pesquisa Médica Psicologica Associaçao Minkoviska em Paris com apoio do Ministerio da Saude da França. (shrink)

O Índex Auctorum Damnatae Memoriae é, tal como todos os índices de livros proibidos posteriores a 1564, herdeiro do índice tridentino. O cotejo estabelecido entre os dois índices ibéricos de 1612 e 1624 e o documento apresentado reforçam a ideia de que o índice de 1624 tem sido erroneamente apelidado de jesuítico. Esta acusação, nascida da campanha pombalina contra a Companhia de Jesus, amplificada no século XIX, aceite no século XX e de que ainda se vive no século XXI, carece (...) de fundamentação objectiva. (shrink)

A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO NOS CRIMES COMETIDOS CONTRA TRANSGÊNEROS DENTRO DOS PRESÍDIOS MASCULINOS BRASILEIROS.

A tradução que ora se apresenta é a primeira parte do estudo do neotomista espanhol Santiago Maria Ramírez, O.P., o qual versa sobre o valor doutrinal da obra de Santo Tomás de Aquino. Para o que, distingue a autoridade científica da autoridade canônica, dependente esta exclusivamente do reconhecimento eclesiástico, apresentando os testemunhos históricos e documentais desde sua morte até o pontificado de Leão XIII, exclusive.

A tradição bíblica tem inspirado leituras e interpretações ecológicas por parte de teólogos de vertentes cristãs diversas, dentre os quais podemos destacar: Carriker, Reimer, Schaeffer e Stott. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns textos das Escrituras Sagradas judaico-cristãs e o modo como estes têm sido interpretados por teólogos cristãos vinculados à vertente reformada à luz de uma leitura ecológica. Um corte epistemológico foi feito reconhecendo nestes teólogos posições ideológicas heterogêneas a fim de preservar a re(leitura) dos textos bíblicos escolhidos (...) sob a perspectiva ecológica. White Júnior (1967), historiador americano, escreveu um artigo em que responsabilizava o Cristianismo pela crise ambiental. Este discurso tem sido confrontado ao longo das últimas décadas por várias vertentes cristãs e os teólogos escolhidos para o diálogo neste artigo defendem posições contrárias ao que foi declarado por White Júnior, à época. O caminho para o diálogo entre estes teólogos foi buscado a partir da concepção de que o discurso é uma construção social (Foucault, 2009). A partir da análise dos diálogos estabelecidos entre os teólogos escolhidos e suas re(leituras) dos textos bíblicos é possível concluir que esta nova teologia tem o papel de conscientização, como resposta à crise ambiental, no âmbito das igrejas evangélicas. Palavras-Chave : Discurso. Ecologia. Bíblia. Teologia.: The biblical tradition has inspired environmental readings and interpretations by Christian theologians of various aspects, among which we highlight: Carriker, Reimer, Schaeffer and Stott. The aim of this paper is to present a brief overview of the Judeo-Christian Scriptures and how they have been interpreted by Christian theologians linked to strand reformed in the light of an ecological reading. An epistemological cut was made recognizing these theologians and their heterogeneous ideological positions in order to preserve the re(read) of the biblical texts chosen under the ecological perspective. White Jr. (1967), American historian, wrote an article that blamed Christianity for the environmental crisis. This speech has been confronted over the past several decades by the Christian spectrum and the theologians chosen for dialogue in this article advocate contrary positions to what was stated by White Jr., at the time. The path to the dialogue between these theologians was sought from the idea that speech is a social construction (Foucault, 2009). From the analysis of the dialogue established between the theologians and their chosen re(readings) biblical texts is possible to conclude that this new theology has the role of awareness in response to environmental crisis within the evangelical churches. Key-words: Speech. Ecology. Bible. Theology. (shrink)

The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities is to be congratulated on its updating of competency standards for ethics consultations (Tarzian and ASBH Core Competencies Update Task Force 2013)...