In order to usurp Party power and restore capitalism, the "gang of four" has deliberately confused Marxist theories and the people's thinking. "Bourgeois rights" under the socialist system is a question which has been greatly confused by the clique. Like [Max] Stirner who was denounced by Marx, they abused the concept of "bourgeois rights" "on any occasion" in the manner of "fleas hopping" and turned out their fantastic "rights economics.".

In order to usurp the Party, seize power and restore capitalism, the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti-Party clique has turned out counterrevolutionary opinions in the ideological realm. They have tried in every way to distort and revise history and have fabricated the "struggle between the Confucianists and the Legalists" in history. They have confounded different social contradictions and have replaced the class struggle with the "struggle between the Confucianists and the Legalists" and the antagonism within the landlord class with the "line struggle." To (...) them, Legalists were always "progressive" and "innovative" while Confucianists always "represented the forces of restoration." They have tried their best to glorify emperors, kings, generals and ministers in history, to praise Legalists as "saviors," to cover up the Legalists' nature as an exploiting class, to call for metaphysics and the idealist viewpoint of history, and to turn out revisionist fallacies. Because important changes took place in the Confucian and Legalist schools during the periods of the Western and Eastern Han dynasties, the "Gang of Four" and the writers in its service have showed a great interest in histories of the dynasties and have published a series of articles on the so-called "struggle between the Confucianists and the Legalists." In the current struggle against the "Gang of Four," it is of great practical significance to review the changes in the Confucian and Legalist schools and their roles and class nature during the Han dynasties, to criticize and expose the criminal clique's counterrevolutionary political intrigues and plots, and to clarify the historical facts confused by the "Gang of Four.". (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation of junior middle school students and constructs a chain intermediary model through the intermediary role of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation.MethodsUsing the stratified cluster sampling method, 930 junior middle school students in Anhui Province were measured in group psychology by using the physical exercise rating scale, adolescent psychological resilience scale, physical learning motivation scale and school adaptation scale. The statistical software SPSS 23.0 and process plug-in were used for (...) statistical processing, and the common method deviation test was carried out by Harman single-factor control method. Finally, the bootstrap sampling test method and process plug-in were used to test the significance of intermediary effect.Results The direct prediction effect of physical exercise on school adaptation is remarkable ; psychological resilience and sports learning motivation are the intermediary variables of the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation; psychological resilience and sports learning motivation play a chain mediation role in the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation. The intermediary effect is composed of three indirect effects: physical exercise → psychological resilience → school adaptation, physical exercise → physical learning motivation → school adaptation, physical exercise → psychological resilience → physical learning motivation → school adaptation.ConclusionsPhysical exercise can directly improve the school adaptation of junior middle school students, which can also affect junior middle school students’ school adaptation indirectly through psychological resilience or sports learning motivation, and it can influence school adaptation through the chain mediation of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation. (shrink)

Objective: This study aimed to contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the association between empowering motivational climate in physical education and social responsibility among high school students, and have important implications for interventions aimed at improving social responsibility among high school students.Methods: Through the quota sampling, 802 students that complied with the requirements were surveyed from Anhui Province in China. Empowering motivational climate in physical education, social responsibility, interpersonal disturbance, and general self-efficacy were assessed using standard scales. For data analysis, (...) Pearson’s correlation analysis, structural equation model test, and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method were carried out in turn.Results: Common method biases can be accepted in this study, and the correlation among empowering motivational climate in physical education, social responsibility, interpersonal disturbance, and general self-efficacy are all significant; Empowering motivational climate in physical education, interpersonal disturbance and general self-efficacy can all predict social responsibility significantly; Structural equation modeling indicates good fit: χ2/df = 2.86, RMESA = 0.068, CFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.91, NFI = 0.90, GFI = 0.93. It indicates that interpersonal disturbance and general self-efficacy can play mediating roles between empowering motivational climate in physical education and social responsibility, respectively. After that, interpersonal disturbance as well as general self-efficacy in turn plays the chain mediating effect in the relationship between empowering motivational climate in physical education and social responsibility. The effect size of the mediating effect of interpersonal disturbance and general self-efficacy in the relationship between empowering motivational climate in physical education and social responsibility is 0.048 and 0.148, respectively, and the effect size of the chain mediating effect is 0.031.Conclusion: Empowering motivational climate in physical education not only has a direct effect on social responsibility among high school students, but also influences social responsibility by the chain mediating effect of interpersonal disturbance and general self-efficacy. (shrink)

This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise, self-control, physical exercise atmosphere, and mobile phone addiction tendency among Chinese university students. Through the quota sampling, 1,433 students complied with the requirements were surveyed from 10 universities in China. PE, SC, PEA, and MPAT were assessed using standard scales. For data analysis, common method deviation test, mean number, standard deviation, correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis were carried out in turn. The results showed PE and MPAT were negatively (...) related. The interaction item PEA and SC could significantly positively predict the tendency of MPAT. In the high PEA group, SC had a significant negative predictive effect on the tendency of MPAT ; However, in the low PEA group, the negative predictive effect was stronger. The present study shows that PE significantly negatively predicted the tendency of MPAT, and SC played a complete mediating role in the relationship between PE and MPAT; The second half of the indirect effect of PE and MPAT was regulated by the PEA. The PEA will enhance the influence of SC on MPAT, but the high PEA will increase the level of MPAT of individuals at a very high level of SC. (shrink)

To understand the gaps between current bioethics education and the requirements of practicing nurses, a semistructured questionnaire was used to invite the directors of nursing departments at all 82 teaching hospitals in Taiwan to participate in this survey. The response rate was 64.6%. Through content analysis we obtained information about previous bioethical training, required themes and content, recommended teaching strategies, and difficulties with education and its application. The results suggest that Taiwanese nursing personnel need to be instilled with both self-cultivation (...) of morality and mental cultivation to acquire nursing virtues and the right attitudes toward bioethical issues. Good communication skills to prevent damage to the harmonious relationships between patients, their families and medical team members, policies that support the provision of systematic formal knowledge of ethics, small group training, and clarification of values were also shown to be important in bioethics education. (shrink)

L'histoire philosophique montre, ou au moins suggère, que toute remise en cause de l'Un s'est accompagnée d'une mise en ordre, et que tout ébranlement de l'ordre s'est achevé en réduction unitaire. Ce balancement se déploie de la métaphysique jusqu'à l'épistémologie. Pour des raisons différentes et avec des méthodes disjointes, Derrida et Goodman ont, chacun, ébranlé l'un des deux piliers qui sous-tendent l'essentiel de la tradition philosophique. Derrida, par le jeu subtil de la différance, a fait vaciller la vaste entreprise de (...) mise en ordre. Goodman, par la profusion de mondes construits et irréductibles les uns aux autres, remet en cause l'aspiration à l'unité. Notre hypothèse consiste à supposer que la mise en échec - si tant est qu'elle soit possible - du diktat de l'unité demande à être pensée conjointement avec la ruine du primat de la mise en ordre. Utilisées à cette fin (qui n'est pas la seule signifiante), les propositions de Goodman et de Derrida, qui charrient les scories de deux longues traditions réputées indépendantes voire antagonistes, bénéficieraient sans doute d'une exploration synchrone. Mais c'est d'abord à la vérité qu'il faudra faire face. Commencer par ce qui aurait dû être l'achèvement. La vérité en tant que garde-fou et en tant que produit de la pensée qui la fonde et s'y confronte. Il s'agit d'ouvrir une brèche dans les obsessions de cette tradition philosophique qui, aussi riche et foisonnante fût-elle, demeure une coupe et donc une incise dans les possibles du réel qu'elle explore et invente. (shrink)

本书内容包括:逻辑经验世界排除意义世界、意义世界的不可排除性、反对意义世界的根源、意义世界与在之真理、艺术显现真理等。.

本书主要回顾20世纪七八十年代中国发生的“美学热”现象,由此追溯20世纪五六十年代的美学大讨论,探讨中国美学现象背后的深层文化历史和社会政治原因,以期为当代中国美学与艺术的发展提供思考的线索。.

In the chapter “Fit for Emperors and Kings,” the Chinese philosopher Chuang-tzu relates the myth of Hun-tun, the emperor of chaos, who died when the seven sense openings were bored into him. The story goes: Shu, the ruler of the Southern Sea, and Hu, the ruler of the Northern Sea, met in the realm of Hun-tun, the emperor of the Center, that is to say in the world of true reality that contradicted their own as being one of vast disorder. (...) Hun-tun received the two emperors warmly, and they both overcame their knowledge-based and conceptional consciousness, entirely forgot the evaluating, one-sided viewpoint of differentiation. Thus they enjoyed the world of true reality, the land of Hun-tun, Emperor Chaos. Subsequently the two guests wondered how they could possibly repay the kindness of Hun-tun. Concluding their consultation, they decided to present Hun-tun with seven openings — the sense doors of the eyes, ears, mouth, and nose. They duly proceeded to bore one opening into Hun-tun every day. However, on the seventh day, when he was finally becoming like a human being, Hun-tun died. (shrink)

Ben shu jie shao le gong zi zhen, wei yuan, yan fu, kang you wei, tan si tong, liang qi chao, chen tian hua, zhang bing lin deng wan qing si xiang jia de zhe xue si xiang.

Ben shu bi jiao yan jiu liang shu ming he hu kuo de wen hua qu xiang, zheng zhi qu xiang, xue shu zhi qu, zhong xi wen hua guan, ke xue yu min zhu guan dui chuan tong wen hua de tai du he dui zhong guo wen hua chu lu de xuan ze deng wen ti.

Shang ce. Ru xue yu si xiang -- xia ce. Qing dai xue shu si chao.

On reconnait en Castoriadis l'un des principaux penseurs politiques alternatifs contemporains, toujours actuel. Mais on connaît sans doute moins le lien étroit qui existe entre ses analyses politiques et ses prises de position philosophiques. Or, elles s'éclairent réciproquement. Le refus de subordonner la raison pratique à la raison théorique permet à Castoriadis de penser l'idée de création. Sa rupture avec Marx, auquel il reproche son ontologie déterministe, l'amène à repenser l'émancipation politique et sociale à partir de la notion d'imaginaire (...) créateur. Pour bien comprendre cette notion, il faut la confronter avec les conceptions de l'imagination défendues notamment par la phénoménologie, particulièrement Sartre et Husserl. Elle débouche sur le concept de chaos, dont il ressort que l'action humaine repose sur un désordre pour une part irréductible, ce qui explique qu'on ne puisse fonder celle-ci, pas plus que la démocratie, en référence à une légitimité indiscutable. Cherchant à tisser un lien entre la pensée, l'oeuvre et la vie d'un homme engagé dans son temps, ce livre trace un parcours à travers les thèmes centraux de la pensée philosophique et politique de Castoriadis, qu'il met en rapport avec d'autres approches contemporaines : Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Claude Lefort, Richard Rorty, Vincent Descombes, ou encore Michel Foucault à propos de l'éthique du sujet. Un chapitre est également consacré à la place de l'exil dans la vie et la pensée de Castoriadis. (shrink)

Xin shi pi pan shu" shi Fu dan da xue yi gu jiao shou Yu Wujin de yi zhu. Yu jiao shou zai shu zhong ni fen shi zhang dui dang dai de yi xie liu xing si chao jin xing fan si he pi pan, xian zhi cun dao lun ji qian si zhang, hou liu zhang zhi you cun mu, gong du zhe liao jie ci shu yuan ben de kuang jia.

Ben shu jiu sheng tian tu de xing tai, tan tao gu dai ren men de sheng si guan, yi shi xing tai, zong jiao xin yang nai zhi bu tong wen hua de jiao liu, neng qu yong xin cai liao yan jiu xin wen ti, sheng tian tu shi yi xing xiang biao da ren men dui si hou de qi qiu, bao han zhe shi dai de sheng si guan.

À l’adolescence, le mouvement de désaffiliation peut constituer un élément structurant de l’évolution subjective et la transformation identitaire qui s’ensuit une maturation vers l’âge adulte. Toutefois, dans beaucoup de ces cas de bascule identitaire, la désaffiliation se fait de manière abrupte, secrète, dans un refus total des valeurs des parents et des parents eux-mêmes. Les facteurs qui aboutissent à la désaffiliation familiale sont multiples : fragilité de la construction du moi, défaillances des structures sociales et du fonctionnement familial, primauté de (...) valeurs de performance et de rapidité au détriment des liens. À partir d’une situation clinique de couple recomposé, l’auteur essaye d’analyser les effets des facteurs familiaux, incluant les diverses alliances inconscientes, qui contribuent à une transformation identitaire marquée chez un des enfants. Celle-ci, tournée vers la religion et l’idéologie, s'assoit sur une base de revalorisation narcissique et un chaos de la transmission. (shrink)

À l’adolescence, le mouvement de désaffiliation peut constituer un élément structurant de l’évolution subjective et la transformation identitaire qui s’ensuit une maturation vers l’âge adulte. Toutefois, dans beaucoup de ces cas de bascule identitaire, la désaffiliation se fait de manière abrupte, secrète, dans un refus total des valeurs des parents et des parents eux-mêmes. Les facteurs qui aboutissent à la désaffiliation familiale sont multiples : fragilité de la construction du moi, défaillances des structures sociales et du fonctionnement familial, primauté de (...) valeurs de performance et de rapidité au détriment des liens. À partir d’une situation clinique de couple recomposé, l’auteur essaye d’analyser les effets des facteurs familiaux, incluant les diverses alliances inconscientes, qui contribuent à une transformation identitaire marquée chez un des enfants. Celle-ci, tournée vers la religion et l’idéologie, s'assoit sur une base de revalorisation narcissique et un chaos de la transmission. (shrink)

本书分上下册,主要内容包括格言联壁,交友论,小窗幽记,安得长者言,菜根潭,围炉夜话,六事箴言,居官格言三十三条.

「六然訓」の六つの言葉を軸に、中村天風の人物像と思考と行動を考察する。天風思想を日常生活の心身の健康に活かす心構えも説く。.