Integrated information theory of consciousness proposes an identity between its causal structure and phenomenology. Through this assertion, IIT aims to explain consciousness by prioritizing first-person experience. However, despite its phenomenology-first stance, developments in IIT have overlooked temporality. As such, we argue that at present IIT’s phenomenological analysis is incomplete. In this critique, we show how IIT takes a non-identical illusionist stance towards the experiences of continuity, flow, and extent of our experiences. Moreover, in isolating temporal grains of experience to a (...) single timescale, IIT misses out on capturing the multi-scale nested nature of temporal phenomena. Hence, we contend that IIT needs an axiom for time, through which its causal structure can be refined to account for temporal experiences. Here, we propose an axiom to address these concerns. We conclude by discussing how IIT may need to be revised if our concerns hold true. (shrink)

The advent of the internet age has impacted every sphere of modern medicine, including medical education. The new generation of trainees require novel approaches to teaching to make the requisite impacts on their minds. Conventional classroom teaching might be considered obsolete by some, especially when the subject being talked about is ethics and philosophy of medicine. An untapped resource for the teachers lies perhaps in the colossal reserve of decades of cinema. This novel concept of using movies to teach is (...) enumerated in this article by using the 1979 film “Apocalypse Now” to draw parallels between the situations occurring in the film with the ethical dilemmas that a clinician might face or philosophies that may be of utility to a physician. This article presents a conceptual framework of this ideology by exploring a film that might be considered by some to have no correlation with the queries that a medical mind might have while proving that it might not be the content of the film but the viewpoint of the teacher/trainee that may define the interpretations that may be drawn from it. Soldiers and doctors both work in a strict structure of hierarchy and are both put in situations where ethical dilemmas have life and death implications. This core philosophy has served as an inspiration for this article. (shrink)

The way we represent and perceive time has crucial implications for studying temporality in conscious experience. Contrasting positions posit that temporal information is separately abstracted out like any other perceptual property through specialized mechanisms or that time is represented through the temporality of experiences themselves. To add to this debate, we investigate alterations in felt time in conditions where only conscious visual experience is altered through perceptual switches while a bistable figure remains physically unchanged. We predicted that if perceived time (...) is a function of temporally evolving conscious content, then a break in it (here via a perceptual switch) would also lead to a break in felt time. In three experiments, we showed participants a Necker cube that was manipulated to induce a perceptual switch (experiments 1(a) and 1(b)) or left to switch on its own (experiment 2). We asked participants to report both perceptual switches and felt durations (experiments 1(a) and 2) or only estimate time (experiment 1(b)). Over these three experiments, we find evidence of contraction of felt time in trials with a perceptual switch, consistent with the idea that perceived time is a function of temporally evolving conscious experience. Additionally, we present a phenomenological demonstration to support our empirical data. Overall, the study provides evidence for temporal mirroring and isomorphism in visual experience, arguing for a link between the timing of experience and time perception. (shrink)

Neural devices have the capacity to enable users to regain abilities lost due to disease or injury – for instance, a deep brain stimulator (DBS) that allows a person with Parkinson’s disease to regain the ability to fluently perform movements or a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) that enables a person with spinal cord injury to control a robotic arm. While users recognize and appreciate the technologies’ capacity to maintain or restore their capabilities, the neuroethics literature is replete with examples of (...) concerns expressed about agentive capacities: A perceived lack of control over the movement of a robotic arm might result in an altered sense of feeling responsible for that movement. Clinicians or researchers being able to record and access detailed information of a person’s brain might raise privacy concerns. A disconnect between previous, current, and future understandings of the self might result in a sense of alienation. The ability to receive and interpret sensory feedback might change whether someone trusts the implanted device or themselves. Inquiries into the nature of these concerns and how to mitigate them has produced scholarship that often emphasizes one issue – responsibility, privacy, authenticity, or trust – selectively. However, we believe that examining these ethical dimensions separately fails to capture a key aspect of the experience of living with a neural device. In exploring their interrelations, we argue that their mutual significance for neuroethical research can be adequately captured if they are described under a unified heading of agency. On these grounds, we propose an “Agency Map” which brings together the diverse neuroethical dimensions and their interrelations into a comprehensive framework. With this, we offer a theoretically-grounded approach to understanding how these various dimensions are interwoven in an individual’s experience of agency. (shrink)

What happens at the end of a clinical trial for an investigational neural implant? It may be surprising to learn how difficult it is to answer this question. While new trials are initiated with increasing regularity, relatively little consensus exists on how best to conduct them, and even less on how to ethically end them. The landscape of recent neural implant trials demonstrates wide variability of what happens to research participants after an neural implant trial ends. Some former research participants (...) continue to receive support for their devices (e.g., battery and component replacements, software updates, etc.). Others, when safe, have their neural implants removed through surgical explantation. Still others continue to live with a deactivated neural implant embedded in their body. In the United States, there are no uniform requirements to provide services, of any kind, after an neural implant study ends, and other nations are similarly facing this challenge. The existence of a post-trial gap in an expanding neural implant research ecosystem invites obvious questions: What is owed to neural implant research participants post-trial, and why has providing it been so difficult to accomplish in practice? To take a step forward on this difficult issue, we assembled one group of stakeholders – researchers funded for neuroethics grants by the National Institutes of Health – to explore possible starting points on one topic: ethical guidance for post-trial care of research participants in neural implant trials. Based on shared concerns discussed in the expert workshop the current paper is a call to action. It reports the key areas of convergence from the meeting and highlights important next steps towards developing much needed guidance. (shrink)

As a mathematics education researcher from India, I try to capture glimpses of a messy terrain named education— or maybe field-notes from experiential tours, humbly inviting the MES community to engage and together become more reflexive towards our collective practices and baggage. This paper would, nonetheless, ask questions pertaining to mathematics education. However, it would not start with asking them, marking them as research questions. In this paper, I would rather try to trace the birthmarks of certain research questions; to (...) show how this endeavour brings us to certain existential methodological issues in conducting and reporting mathematics education research. (shrink)

The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 7, Page 30-31, July 2012.

Implantable neurotechnology devices such as Brain Computer Interfaces and Deep Brain Stimulators are an increasing part of treating or exploring potential treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders. While only a few devices are approved, many promising prospects for future devices are under investigation. The decision to participate in a clinical trial can be challenging, given a variety of risks to be taken into consideration. During the consent process, prospective participants might lack the language to consider those risks, feel unprepared, or (...) simply not know what questions to ask. One tool to help empower participants to play a more active role during the consent process is a Question Prompt List. QPLs are communication tools that can prompt participants and patients to articulate potential concerns. They offer a structured list of disease, treatment, or research intervention-specific questions that research participants can use as support for question asking. While QPLs have been studied as tools for improving the consent process during cancer treatment, in this paper, we suggest they would be helpful in neurotechnology research, and offer an example of a QPL as a template for an informed consent tool in neurotechnology device trials. (shrink)

In this article, we consider estimation of the parameters of a generalized Pareto distribution and some lifetime indices such as those relating to reliability and hazard rate functions when the failure data are progressive first-failure censored. Both classical and Bayesian techniques are obtained. In the Bayesian framework, the point estimations of unknown parameters under both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions are discussed, after having been estimated using the conjugate gamma and discrete priors for the shape and scale parameters, respectively. In (...) addition, both exact and approximate confidence intervals as well as the exact confidence region for the estimators are constructed. A practical example using a simulated data set is analyzed. Finally, the performance of Bayes estimates is compared with that of maximum likelihood estimates through a Monte Carlo simulation study. (shrink)

Recent advancements in neuroengineering research have prompted neuroethicists to propose a variety of “ethical guidance” frameworks (e.g., principles, guidelines, framing questions, responsible research innovation frameworks, and ethical priorities) to inform this work. In this chapter, we offer a comparative analysis of five recently proposed ethical guidance frameworks (NIH neuroethics guiding principles, Nuffield Council on Bioethics, Global Neuroethics Summit Delegates, the Center for Neurotechnology’s neuroethical principles and guidelines, and the Neurotechnology Ethics Taskforce’s ethical priorities). We identify some common themes among these (...) frameworks, making explicit significant areas of convergence. We also highlight three areas of ethical consideration that have not received sufficient attention across these frameworks (extended care for research participants, cultural salience, and stakeholder input). Further attention and analysis of these three areas would improve the breadth and scope of ethical considerations for neuroengineering research. (shrink)

Hasil riset yang penulis sajikan dalam buku ini, hendak membahas tentang makna hidup, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan dinamika psikologis makna hidup orang Jawa yang memahami dan mengamalkan falsafah hidup ajaran Dewa Ruci. Lakon Dewa Ruci berisi tentang kisah Arya Bima yang mencari tirta perwita sari atau air kehidupan untuk mencapai kehidupan yang bermakna. Berbekal pendekatan fenomenologis, pembaca akan menemui perspektif yang unik sekaligus mendalam pada setiap bagiannya.

Analysis on thoughts of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, a Javanese philosopher on pyschotherapy.

Buku karya Fatkur Rohman Nur Awalin yang berjudul “Falsafah Jawa” yang hadir di tengah-tengah pembaca ini, rasanya bagai perahu yang disediakan untuk membawa penumpang mengarungi aliran air yang deras. Pembaca bisa melihat secara lebih jernih dan komprehensif kedalaman filsafat Jawa sampai pertemuan filsafat Jawa dan Tasawuf Islam yang rumit. Kajian khusus tentang kelebihan dan kewaskithaan orang Jawa disajikan dengan apik dan jelas, bahwa orang Jawa yang memahami filsafat Jawa akan tampil sebagai manusia yang waskitha, (...) limpad, dan wicaksana. Mungkin mendekati manusia Kamil (insanul kamil ‘manusia pilihan’). Lebih dalam lagi, buku ini mengajak pembaca belajar filsafat sejak awal, yaitu menggali pemikiran-pemikiran filsuf Jawa tulen, seperti Abdullah Ciptoprawiro, Sri Muljono, sembari dipadukan dengan pemikiran filsuf asing seperti Zoetmulder, dan Louis O. Katsoff. Dr. Mulyana, M.Hum. - Kaprodi S2 Pendidikan Bahasa Jawa Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY). (shrink)

On Javanese traditional spiritual teachings and philosophy.

On development and practices of sufism among Javanese Muslim.

On psychology from the perspective of Javanese cultural roots as taught by Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, a Javanese philosopher.

Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā,865?-925?; criticism and interpretation.

Characteristics of Kiai Haji Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of Muhammadiyah, in Javanese philosophy.

Criticism on the thoughts of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, a Javanese philosopher, on self-knowledge and mysticism.

On Javanese traditional spiritual teachings.

Thoughts of Ki Ageng Suryamentaram on Javanese philosophy and ethics.

Criticism on the thoughts of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, a Javanese philosopher, on self-knowledge and mysticism.

al-Ījī's epitome of his Mawāqif fī ʻilm al-kalām on Islamic theology.

Javanese culture and ethics, pastoral guide for Indonesian Catholics; collection of articles.

Essence of Javanese philosophy for Hindu people in Java.

This research aims at determining the effect of adolescent rearing practices toward self identity formation. Several hypotheses are set as follows: (1) there is the effect of adolescence rearing practice toward self identity formation; (2) there is deference between boys and girls in terms of adolescence rearing practice and self identity formation; (3) there is deference between student’s department in terms of adolescence rearing practice and self identity formation; (4) there is defference between parent occupation in terms of adolescence rearing (...) practice and self identity formation; (5) there is defference between geographic’s student from in terms of adolescence rearing practice and self identity formation. The subject of the research are 68 Syariah’s Departement students and 57 Tarbiyah’s Departement student both from Javanese etnic. The data have been collected with OM-EIS from Adam, Shea, Fitch. The first hyphotesis was analysis by using regression analysis, the second and third hyphoteses are analysis by using t test and the others using one way analysis of varian. The result of this research showed: (1) there was F values 12.862, whereas the determinant coefficient is 0.095, it meant there was significantly effect of adolescence rearing practice toward self identity formation; (2) The second analysis showed that there are not difference between boys and girls, student’s department, parent occupation and geographic’s student in terms of adolescence self identity formation,; (3) there are not defference between boys and girls, geographic’s student in term of adolescence rearing practice. (shrink)