A pesar de desarrollar una teoría del placer que incorpora elementos de tradiciones filosóficas posteriores, Damascio defiende en su Comentario al Filebo la concepción platónica del placer como un "proceso de repleción". Este trabajo pretende mostrar que Damascio no solo respeta la letra del Filebo, sino también el espíritu de la comprensión platónica del placer y, en particular, de los placeres intelectuales. Suponiendo la polaridad entre el deseo y su satisfacción, Damascio propone entender la experiencia de placer intelectual como aquella (...) en la que el deseo es efectivamente realizado, de modo que tanto el proceso como el resultado del conocer producen placer. Contra lo que inicialmente se podría pensar, la exégesis del filósofo neoplatónico permite poner de relieve supuestos fundamentales de la concepción platónica del placer, a saber, la conexión entre el placer y la experiencia humana de la temporalidad como su dependencia con respecto a la estructura del deseo. In spite of developing a theory of pleasure that incorporates elements from subsequent philosophical traditions, Damascius defends, in his Commentary on the Philebus, the Platonic conception of pleasure as a "process of filling". This paper aims to show that Damascius respects not only the letter of the Philebus, but also the spirit of Plato’s understanding of the nature of pleasure and, in particular, that of intellectual pleasures. Having assumed the polarity between desire and its satisfaction, Damascius proposes to understand the experience of intellectual pleasure as the experience where desire is fully achieved, so that both the process and the result of knowing produce pleasure. Contrary to what one may initially expect, the exegesis of the Neoplatonic Philosopher allows to highlighting some of Plato’s underlying assumptions about the nature of pleasure, namely: the connection between pleasure and the human experience of temporality, and the dependence of pleasure on the structure of desire. (shrink)

RESUMEN El trabajo presenta un modelo de psicología moral a partir del análisis del libro primero de las Leyes de Platón y, en particular, de la imagen de la marioneta. Entre los intérpretes contemporáneos se debate sobre si esta imagen compromete una comprensión de la templanza como "victoria" sobre los placeres o si más bien respalda una comprensión de esta virtud como "acuerdo" entre estos y la razón. Para responder a esta cuestión, se recurrirá a la psicología bipartita del Filebo. (...) Esto permitirá reconocer, en la educación de la virtud, el conflicto entre afectos y, en el resultado de este proceso educativo, el acuerdo entre razón y afectividad. ABSTRACT The article presents a moral psychology model on the basis of the analysis of the first book of Plato's Laws, particularly of the image of the puppet. Contemporary interpreters have been debating whether that image entails an understanding of temperance as a "victory" over pleasures, or whether it supports an understanding of that virtue as an "agreement" between pleasures and reason. In order to answer that question, the article resorts to the twofold psychology of the Philebus. This makes it possible to recognize the conflict among affects, in education in virtue, and the agreement between reason and affectivity, in the result of that educational process. (shrink)

El presente escrito propone una interpretación filosófico-literaria de la obra de Rainer Maria Rilke, realizada, fundamentalmente, a partir de Las elegías del Duino (1923) y los Sonetos a Orfeo (1923). Se plantea que la obra rilkeana contiene una propuesta de solución al problema existencial del hombre en el mundo, en el contexto de la crisis de la modernidad. El poeta describe una vía para lograr un ‘nuevo arraigo’ humano, cuyo eje fundamental es la aceptación de la muerte, que se concreta (...) en la adquisición de conciencia respecto del propio cuerpo y su finitud, a partir de las vivencias sensibles. (shrink)

In Book v of Plato’s Laws, he defends that a virtuous life is better than a vicious one, based on the idea that the former involves more pleasure than the latter (733a-734e). The use of this kind of argumentation seems to contradict other passages of the Laws, in which it will be objected that pleasure can work as a criterion of election. This essay aims to show that this recourse does not presuppose any kind of hedonism. In order to prove (...) this, I hold that in the Laws (i) education tries to integrate our natural tendencies in the good life; (ii) this integration is possible because some pleasures can be pursued for their own sake because they are harmless. Based on these principles, I argue that (iii) the argument of Book v appeals to the possibility of choosing pleasure if they are not involved in other criteria of election. (shrink)

This paper studies two aspects of John Duns Scotus’s Prologue to his Questions on the Metaphysics of Aristotle. The a priori argument to prove the nobility and dignity of metaphysics and the treatment of the question about the scientific object of metaphysics and its articulation with the other realities treated in this science. The paper also shows how Scotus’s prologue follows an interpretative tradition whose principal interlocutors are Thomas Aquinas and Avicenna.

Scholars have identified crimmigration – or the criminalization of “irregular” migration in law – as a key issue affecting migrant access to justice in contemporary immigrant-receiving societies. Yet the gendered and racialized implications of crimmigration for diverse migrant populations remains underdeveloped in this literature. This study advances a feminist intersectional approach to crimmigration and migrant justice in Canada. I add to recent research showing how punitive immigration controls disproportionately affect racialized men from the global south, constituting what Golash-Boza and Hondagneu-Sotelo (...) have called a “gendered racial removal program”. In my study, I shift analytical attention to consider the effects of the contemporary crimmigration system on migrant women survivors of gender-based violence. While such cases constitute a small sub-group within a larger population of migrants in detention, nevertheless scholarly attention to this group can expose the multiple axes along which state power is enacted – an analytical strategy that foundational scholars like Crenshaw used to theorize “structural intersectionality” in the US. In focusing on crimmigration in the Canadian context, I draw attention to the growing nexus between migration, security, and gender-based violence that has emerged alongside other processes of crimmigration. I then provide a case analysis of the 2013 death while in custody of Lucía Dominga Vega Jiménez, an “undocumented” migrant woman from Mexico. My analysis illustrates how migrant women’s strategies to survive gender-based violence are re-cast as grounds for their detention and removal, constituting what I argue is a criminalization of survivorship.The research overall demonstrates the centrality of gendered and racialized structural violence in crimmigration processes by challenging more universalist approaches to migrant justice. (shrink)

El propósito de nuestro estudio tiene dos objetivos, el primero es identificar la lógica de la propuesta misionera del Papa Francisco, derivada del sujeto que debe llevarla a cabo: el discípulo misionero; y en segundo lugar mostrar los elementos ontológicos que estructuran la persona llamada a evangelizar. Descubrimos en el Papa Francisco la influencia de la lógica del humanismo de Nicolás de Cusa, así como la categoría principal de la ontología antropológica que lo sostiene: la paradoja.

Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context, environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover, environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a (...) firm's competitiveness. However, the literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms' results has been inconclusive and contradictory. In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm's marketing strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms' operational and commercial performance and this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm's competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo se propone configurar la trama saber-tropo como estrategia para desvelar ataduras coloniales que aún persisten en las vidas cotidianas de sujetos situados y encarnados, cuyas existencias se desarrollan en condiciones de precariedad material, exclusión, explotación y no reconocimiento. Con un marcado carácter epistémico-metodológico, y tomando como base los postulados de la tropología, se discute sobre la noción de tropo y saber, además de señalar las posibles relaciones que entre ellos se pueden dar, para finalmente, en términos demostrativos, (...) plantear un procedimiento orientado a identificar y analizar los tropos que permiten ir desvelando lastres coloniales en las narraciones cotidianas. La relevancia de esta propuesta se asienta en la necesidad de ir avanzado en construir herramientas metodológicas que permitan comprender los principios que configuran el pensamiento decolonial. Desde allí, se propone al tropo como expresión y discusión figurativa del saber, debido a que este puede ser utilizado persuasivamente para afectar la forma en que se habita el mundo, al tiempo que permite comprender el accionar social y, consecuentemente, las matrices coloniales con las que debemos romper.: This article proposes to configure knowledge-trope plot as a strategy to uncover colonial ties that persist in the daily lives of situated and incarnated subjects, whose existences develop in conditions of material precariousness, exclusion, exploitation and non-recognition. With a marked epistemic-methodological character, and based on the postulates of the tropology, the notion of trope and knowledge is discussed, as well as pointing out the possible relationships that can occur between them, and finally, in demonstrative terms, to propose a procedure aimed at identifying and analysing the tropes that allow us to reveal colonial ballasts in everyday narratives. The relevance of this proposal is based on the need to construct methodological tools that allow us to understand the principles of decolonial thinking. From there, the trope is proposed as an expression and figurative discussion of knowledge, because it can be used persuasively to affect the way in which the world is inhabited, while at the same time it allows us to understand social action and, consequently, colonial matrices with which we must break. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo se propone configurar la trama saber-tropo como estrategia para desvelar ataduras coloniales que aún persisten en las vidas cotidianas de sujetos situados y encarnados, cuyas existencias se desarrollan en condiciones de precariedad material, exclusión, explotación y no reconocimiento. Con un marcado carácter epistémico-metodológico, y tomando como base los postulados de la tropología, se discute sobre la noción de tropo y saber, además de señalar las posibles relaciones que entre ellos se pueden dar, para finalmente, en términos demostrativos, (...) plantear un procedimiento orientado a identificar y analizar los tropos que permiten ir desvelando lastres coloniales en las narraciones cotidianas. La relevancia de esta propuesta se asienta en la necesidad de ir avanzado en construir herramientas metodológicas que permitan comprender los principios que configuran el pensamiento decolonial. Desde allí, se propone al tropo como expresión y discusión figurativa del saber, debido a que este puede ser utilizado persuasivamente para afectar la forma en que se habita el mundo, al tiempo que permite comprender el accionar social y, consecuentemente, las matrices coloniales con las que debemos romper.: This article proposes to configure knowledge-trope plot as a strategy to uncover colonial ties that persist in the daily lives of situated and incarnated subjects, whose existences develop in conditions of material precariousness, exclusion, exploitation and non-recognition. With a marked epistemic-methodological character, and based on the postulates of the tropology, the notion of trope and knowledge is discussed, as well as pointing out the possible relationships that can occur between them, and finally, in demonstrative terms, to propose a procedure aimed at identifying and analysing the tropes that allow us to reveal colonial ballasts in everyday narratives. The relevance of this proposal is based on the need to construct methodological tools that allow us to understand the principles of decolonial thinking. From there, the trope is proposed as an expression and figurative discussion of knowledge, because it can be used persuasively to affect the way in which the world is inhabited, while at the same time it allows us to understand social action and, consequently, colonial matrices with which we must break. (shrink)

El artículo propone una interpretación de la obra literaria "Las Crónicas de Narnia" del autor ingles C. S Lewis. Tal interpretación posibilita considerar la alegoría religiosa que esta obra literaria realiza sobre la experiencia de la divinidad a través de la figura del León.

En este artículo sostengo que Gabriel Marcel desarrolla una metafísica de la existencia humana a partir de una fenomenología. Para mostrar esta hipótesis, parto del diagnóstico que hace el autor de la situación del hombre contemporáneo. Marcel afirma que el ser humano ha sido reducido a un mero haz de funciones no dando espacio para el misterio. A partir de ese diagnóstico, desarrollo el concepto de exigencia ontológica el cual nos permite, sostengo, pasar de una fenomenología a una metafísica, desde (...) el momento en que Marcel plantea que la exigencia ontológica no es solo una necesidad subjetiva de sentido, sino el correlato del misterio ontológico en el cual nos encontramos insertos. La filosofía del misterio del Marcel, eje central de su metafísica de la existencia humana, es explicada y explicitada en la segunda parte de este trabajo, a partir del dato de la encarnación y del problema de la participación. In this article, I hold that Gabriel Marcel proposes a kind of metaphysics of human existence that arises from a phenomenology. In order to show this hypothesis, I start from the description that the author does of the situation of contemporary man. Marcel affirms that human being has been reduced to a mere assembly of functions, without leaving any room to mystery. Starting from this account, I develop the concept of ontological need, concept that allows us to go from phenomenology to metaphysis, because the concept of ontological need, according to Marcel, is not only the expression of a subjective need of finding sense, but the expression of the ontological mystery in which we find ourselves. The philosophy of mystery of Marcel, backbone of his metaphysics of the human existence, is explained in the second part of this article, by giving an account of the basic fact of being an incarnated being and by discussing the problem of participation. (shrink)

Many biblical scholars have underlined the importance of Numbers 13-14, especially because these chapters are a reflection on Israel's greatest sin and rebellion against God in the desert. God's reaction to that sin is clear: of all the men who have put me to the test ten times already and have failed to heed my voice, not one shall see the land which I promised on oath to their fathers. It seems that the verbs 'see' and 'hear', both sentient verbs, (...) are important in both the statement of God and that of the Spies. This article focuses on this particular point and in the conclusions which can be drawn from it. It also considers the frustrating intercession of Moses before God on behalf of his people, on account of the threat to Israel about the promised land. (shrink)

This paper presents the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and political/ideological clarity as a framework for understanding the nuanced interpretations and applications of critical social studies pedagogy and practice. Using a qualitative case study research design, this study explores the decision-making process of two novice social studies teachers as they decide if and how to utilize critical historical inquiry within their classrooms. Findings indicate that teachers’ use of critical historical inquiry is informed by their subject area consciousness and political and (...) ideological clarity which is cultivated through personal, schooling, and communal experiences. However, we also find that a teacher's pedagogy is significantly strengthened when political and ideological clarity are coupled with pedagogical content knowledge to ensure a more developed enactment of critical historical inquiry is reached within the social studies classroom. (shrink)

Desarrollar la libertad como donación es, según Leonardo Polo, exigencia de nuestra altura histórica. Tras comprobar la vigencia actual de tal demanda, este trabajo concreta una propuesta de filosofía, no del don, sino del dar, cuyo modelo puro se toma de los datos de la revelación cristiana. Primero establece las características nucleares del dar divino (comunicación interpersonal, gratuidad y sobreabundancia), para considerar, después, el dar humano: sus diferencias con Aquél y la posibilidad de asemejarlo a él. Se concluye que dar (...) es actividad trascendental, que ser persona es dar, y que el dar pleno será coronación de nuestro dar redimido. (shrink)

RESUMENUn atento examen de la conocida y problemática cuestión "¿qué es antes el huevo o la gallina?" sirve, en este breve escrito, de introducción metodológica al estudio filósofico de la vida orgánica. Una vez señalado lo incorrecto de la disyunción, se procede, mediante sucesivas ampliaciones, a una profundización teórica en sus implícitos, y, finalmente, a la detección del supuesto que la problematiza y que reside en el sentido pretendidamente unívoco del "antes". La multiplicidad de sentidos reales de la anterioridad pone (...) de manifiesto que el método adecuado para entender la vida orgánica es el método sistémico.PALABRAS CLAVETEORÍA DE LA VIDA-COSMOLOGÍA-ANTROPOLOGÍA-MÉTODO SITÉMICOABSTRACTA carefully study of the popular puzzle "what comes first, the chicken or the egg?" will serve in this short paper as a methodological introduction for the philosophical theory of organic life. After pointing that this disjunction is incorrect, I will arrive, by means of successive amplifications, at an in-depth theoretical study of their assumptions, ans, eventually, at the dislosure of the implicit aspects that make its understanding problematic and which are rooted in the supposed univocal meaning of "first". The multiplicity of actual meanings of priority makes clear that the systemic method is the appropriate one in order to understand organic life.KEYWORDSTHEORY OF LIFE-COSMOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY-SISTEMIC METHOD. (shrink)

RESUMENNota necrológica sobre el filósofo español Leonardo Polo Barrena.PALABRAS CLAVELEONARDO POLO BARRENAABSTRACTObituary of the Spanish philosopher Leonardo Polo Barrena.KEYWORDSLEONARDO POLO BARRENA.

La filosofía puede desenredar problemas humanos que obscurecen los misterios revelados. Este trabajo, primero de una serie sobre ese tema, presenta la noción de dar mediante un conocido texto agustiniano sobre la gracia. Y, tras confrontarlo con textos de autores semipelagianos, propone entender la gracia en clave donal, no causal. Si la actividad de la gracia fuera causal, quedarían imposibilitadas la libertad y el mérito; en cambio, ejercida según el dar, incluye a ambos. Ni pelagianos ni semipelagianos entendieron esto; s. (...) Agustín, empero, descubrió dicha donalidad: los méritos derivan, conjuntamente, de los dones divinos y de nuestra colaboración con ellos. (shrink)

Los puntos de partida y los recorridos de las filosofías medieval y moderna son a todas luces diferentes, pero en cambio las líneas ascendentes de ambos periodos filosóficos convergen hacia la persona como hacia lo más altamente real, sin que lleguen a poder asignarle de modo congruente el puesto que ella merece en el orden del ser y del saber. El obstáculo que impide llevar a término esas expectativas, aunque diversamente percibido por cada una, es común a ambas. En esta (...) investigación se señala la posible conciliación de esas filosofías en el conocimiento trascendental de la persona, mediante el método del abandono del límite mental, que convierte aquel obstáculo en camino. (shrink)

RESUMENEste trabajo describe y examina críticamente la obra mencionada, cuya tesis final es la infinitud del hombre y su divinización por el Kant maduro. Su mérito consiste en (i) realizar una minu- 1 «Existe Dios en nosotros. La identidad de Dios y la razón pura práctica en la Crítica de la razón práctica de Kant». En lo que sigue abrevio el nombre del autor con las siglas «GS», y el de esta obra con las siglas «TGS». ciosa lectura de los (...) postulados de la KpV, que permite descubrir una interna problematicidad no considerada antes, y (ii) proponer como solución a ella la existencia de una naturaleza dual en el hombre (homo phänomenon - homo noumenon). Aunque la obra adolece de ambigüedades tanto en las nociones básicas como en la tesis propuesta, eso no obsta para que sus aportaciones, de gran relevancia, deban ser tenidas seriamente en cuenta.PALABRAS CLAVEHISTORIA DE LA FILOSOFÍA MODERNA; I. KANT; POSTULADOS DE LA RAZÓN PRÁCTICA; DIOS; INFINITUD DEL HOMBRE; ANTROPONOMÍA.ABSTRACTThis note reviews and critically examines the book mentioned in its title. The main thesis of this book is the infiniteness and divinization of human being that can be found in the writings of the late Kant. The book examined has two merits: (i) by means of an exhaustive reading of the postulates of Kant’s «Critique of Practical Reason», it manages to bring to light an internal inconsistency in these postulates; (ii) it proposes the existence of a dual nature in human being (homo phänomenon - homo noumenon) as the solution to that inconsistency. Though the book suffers from ambiguities and inaccuracy both in the basic notions employed and the main thesis advanced, it makes significant contributions that must be seriously taken into account.KEY WORDSHISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY, I. KANT, PRACTICAL REASON’S POSTULATES, GOD, HUMAN BEING’S INFINITENESS, ANTROPONOMY. (shrink)

We analyze the transition of central banks from lenders to market makers of last resort. The adoption of unconventional monetary policies characterizes this transition. In their new role as market makers, central banks engage in the latter by extending and reinforcing interventions in other markets than the traditional bank reserves market. We then explain that the difference between the two roles is one of degree rather than kind. In both cases, the prevention of liquidity shortages is a primary concern. As (...) conventional policies become inadequate, central banks resort to unconventional policies to escape a general liquidity shortage at the zero lower bound. However, these unconventional policies do not solve the structural problems in financial and real markets. Both conventional and unconventional monetary policies cause price distortions, in particular on asset markets. The policies of the market maker of last resort prevent necessary readjustments of cyclical divergences between real and financial markets. (shrink)

Research on the use of smartphone apps with the aim of developing self-regulated learning and increasing academic performance of university students in virtual mode, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, is recent and scarce. The present article shows the results of a study that analyzed the effect of using the 4Planning app with an intra-curricular approach on SRL and on the academic performance of 119 1st-year psychology students in virtual mode, at a Chilean university. The research was conducted with (...) quantitative methodology and a quasi-experimental design, with pre- and posttest measurements of an experimental group and comparisons with three control groups. The results show that students who used the app during 10 weeks of the first academic semester 2021: increased SRL self-report, increased academic self-efficacy, and obtained higher academic performance, compared to those who did not use it. The above occurs because the 4Planning app activates functions of the self-regulatory system of goal-directed behavior, which allows exercising the capacity of self-direction and self-influence on this type of behavior in the particular context of academic performance, which produces SRL. It is concluded that the 4Planning app is effective in developing self-regulation and improving the academic performance of 1st-year university students, in virtual learning mode. (shrink)

Clinical practices are considered one of the cornerstones in nurses' education. This study provides a framework to determine how factors in the academic environment, influence nursing student's satisfaction with their practices. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in a convenience sample of 574 nursing students at a private university in Valencia, during the 2016/2017 academic year, 79% were women. Two statistical methodologies were used for data analysis: hierarchical regression models and fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis. The HRM indicate that the (...) students' mean score influences all dimensions of satisfaction. Furthermore, in the fsQCA, the type of service and center, as well as the type of management, the preference in the choice of the practice center and the number of students per period per clinical educator influence satisfaction with clinical practices. These results could be used to understand how academic factors influence nursing students' satisfaction with their clinical practices and to create intervention programmes that improve it. This will help prepare students to be the future nursing workforce. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la concepción escotista del universal entendido como universallógico y accidente intencional, cuya función cognitiva se entiende como modo de aprehensión oconcepción de la esencia o naturaleza. El artículo se concentra en analizar las cuestiones 4 y 5 del comentario de Duns Escoto a la Isagoge. Se subraya la relación de los análisis escotistas con lateoría aviceniana del triple estatuto de la esencia sobre el telón de fondo de la teoría boeciana de los universales. Al final (...) del artículo se presenta brevemente el momento ontológico del universal tal comose puede ver en la teoría de la naturaleza común. (shrink)

The ethical frameworks of consequentialism and formalism predict moral awareness and behavior in individuals, but current measures either do not treat these frameworks as independent or lack sufficient theoretical underpinnings and statistical dependability. This paper presents the development and validation of a new scale to measure consequentialism and formalism that is well grounded in prior research. The Ethical Standards of Judgement Questionnaire is validated via six studies. Measurement items are developed in the first three studies, which also confirm the need (...) to eliminate a unidimensional measure and evaluate these frameworks separately. The fourth study addresses discriminant validity and the two remaining studies provide insight into how consequentialism and formalism predict the degree to which behaviors are deemed acceptable by individuals in the context of consumer beliefs and religious beliefs. Suggested uses for the scale in both academia and organizations are presented. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la primera concepción escotista sobre las categorías y sobre el objeto del tratado aristotélico de las Categorías. El artículo se concentra sobre las tres primeras cuestiones del comentario de Duns Escoto al texto de Aristóteles. Una de las novedades del texto es su tematización del concepto mismo de categoría, entendido como concepto lógico y como objeto propio del tratado aristotélico. Esta aproximación permite a Escoto distinguir el orden lógico y el orden metafísico en el tratamiento (...) de las categorías. En el primero, la lógica se ocupa del concepto de categoría y, en el segundo, la metafísica se ocupa de la diversidad categorial y de su referencia a la categoría de la substancia. (shrink)

In the "Ode to Man," in Antigone, Sophocles stressed the moral ambiguity of the technique. Since it can be used for both good and bad, it requires a higher guidance, one represented by divine law. This theme is taken up by Aristotle, but on a secular basis, with his idea that some things are right or wrong by nature. For Aristotle, the straight orientation of the technique does not depend primarily on knowledge of certain ethical rules, but on the formation (...) of character, since knowledge of what is good depends on the moral disposition of the subject. (shrink)